• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate how advanced maternal age influences lifestyle, nutrient intake, iron status, and pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women. The subjects of this study were 112 pregnant women who were receiving prenatal care at gynecologists located in Seoul. The subjects were divided into two groups according to their ages: those over age 35 were the advanced age group of pregnant women (AP) and those under age 35 were the young age group of pregnant women (YP). General factors, nutrient intakes, iron status, and pregnancy outcomes of the two groups were then compared. It was found that 72.5% of the YP group and 51.2% of the AP group had pre-pregnancy alcohol drinking experience; indicating that the YP group had more pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption than the AP group (P<0.05). The only difference found in nutrient intake between the two groups was their niacin intakes which were $16.83{\pm}8.20\;mg$/day and $13.76{\pm}5.28\;mg$/day, respectively. When gestational age was shorter than 38.7 weeks, the average infant birth weight was $2.95{\pm}0.08\;kg$, and when gestational age was longer than 40 weeks, it averaged at about $3.42{\pm}0.08\;kg$. In other words, as gestational age increased, infant birth weight increased (P<0.0001), and when maternal weight increased more than 15 kg, the infant birth weight increased significantly (P<0.05). In conclusion, in order to secure healthy human resources, with respect to advanced aged women, it is necessary to intervene by promoting daily habits that consist of strategic increases in folate and calcium intake along with appropriate amounts of exercise.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.337-346
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program for mothers who were at an advanced maternal age (AMA) and to verify the effects of the program on pregnancy health care. Methods: This program was developed using a web-based teaching-learning system design model and composed of 10 subject areas. This research was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest time serial design and data were collected from April 2 to May 3, 2014. To verify the effects of the program, it was used for 2 weeks with 30 AMA mothers (experimental group). For the control group, a classroom education booklet for pregnant women used with 31 AMA mothers. Results: The experimental group having participated in program had statistically significantly higher scores for knowledge (t=3.76, p <.001), self-efficacy (t=8.54, p <.001), and practice behavior (t=4.88, p <.001) of pregnancy health care, compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of the program indicate that a Mobile web-based pregnancy health care educational program is effective in meeting the needs of AMA mothers and can be used as the prenatal educational program for AMA mothers and is appropriate as an educational media for theses mothers.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine differences in nutrition knowledge, eating habits during pregnancy, and neonatal health status between primipara for pregnant women of advanced maternal age in comparison to those under the age of 35. Methods: This study used a comparative survey design. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires and patients medical records. A total of 127 participants, mothers after delivery were recruited from metropolitan city B. Results: Primipara in advanced maternal age (n=32) reported significantly higher scores of eating habits (Z=-2.96, p=.003) than younger ages (n=95). There were no significant differences in scores of pregnancy nutrition knowledge (Z=-0.44, p=.660), duration of gestation (Z=-0.28, p=.778), neonatal birth height (Z=-0.10, p=.924), neonatal birth weight (Z=-0.28, p=.777), Apgar score 1 minute (Z=-0.53, p=.599) and 5 minutes (Z=-0.23, p=.816) between two groups. Conclusion: It concludes that age is not the obstacle to the best nutritional status of women and their newborns.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare life stress between primigravida and multigravida in advanced maternal age. A cross-sectional study was performed for 133 pregnancy women (primigravida group 53, multigravida group 80). The all women were old age (${\geq}35years$) and pregnant. We used the questionnaire to self-report general characteristics, obstetric characteristics and life stress. The average of participants age was 36.15 years old, primigravida was 36.08 and multigravida was 36.19. The mean of total life stress score was 2.68 and the total life score for pregnant women of lower education level was higher. The marital relationship of primigravida was lower than multigravida(mean, .06 vs. .26; p=.021). As our study shows that stress of marital relationship is higher in the multigravida than primigravida, the life stress care for advanced maternal age is important.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.230-241
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to confirm prenatal health management and educational needs for pregnant women with advanced maternal age (AMA) and pregnant women under 35 years of age. Methods: This study was a descriptive research in which self-report questionnaires were used. Participants were 279 pregnant women (83 AMA and 196 less than 35). Results: Only 32.5% of AMA women had received prenatal education and 51.8% reported wanting internet education. AMA women, compared to the under 35 women, had higher levels of self-awareness of health problems and possibility of health problems but lower levels of alcohol experience before pregnancy. For prenatal health management, scores were low for prenatal exercise, prenatal education and nutrition. For prenatal health management education, AMA women reported high levels of need for education on health problems. Conclusion: The results indicate that prenatal health management education must be given considering differences in age-related requirements by emphasizing health care and obstetric complications during pregnancy for AMA women and anemia and information on substance use during pregnancy for women under 35. Reliable internet-based education programs need to be developed using available information and communication technology for the increasing number of employed pregnant women.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2012

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the impact of advanced maternal and paternal age on perinatal outcome in Korea. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study involving 1,622 Korean women who delivered at M Woman Hospital from January to December 2010 and their spouses were included. We obtained obstetrics database which included demographic characteristics, medical and obstetrics history, course of the current pregnancy and advised perinatal outcome. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounding variables. Results: Women giving birth age 35 or older were statistically significant in paternal age, gravidity, spontaneous abortion experience, method of conception, method of delivery, and multiple gestation compared to women aged <34 years. After adjusting for the confounding effects of maternal characteristics, women aged 35 or older were at increased risk for cesarean section delivery (adjusted OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.22-2.13) and preterm birth (adjusted OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.03-4.63). Conclusion: In this population of Korean women, advance maternal and paternal age is independently associated with specific adverse perinatal outcome, especially preterm birth and cesarean section delivery.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.880-885
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• 2010

Purpose: The recent trends of multiple births (MBs) conceived by assisted reproductive technology (ART) in Korea were analyzed as well as the relationship with maternal age, especially advanced maternal age. Methods: Data were obtained from the Korean Statistical Information Service and annual ART reports from the ART committee of the Korean Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Results: MBs increased from the early 1990s; there was a 275% increase by 2008. The number of total live births was 448,153 and MBs accounted for 10,767; the MB rate was 24.0% in 2006. Among 2,326 deliveries conceived by ART, multiple deliveries accounted for 786 (33.8%). The total number of live births with ART was 3,125 and 1,585 (50.7%) of them were MBs. During 2006, 14.7% of the entire MBs in Korea were associated with ART. The proportion of women of advanced maternal age was much higher in the ART group than in the total live birth group. Conclusion: MBs in women of advanced maternal age have been increasing in Korea with the use of ART. The results of this study showed that ART was a significant factor associated with the increase in MBs in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.173-183
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• 2010

Purpose: To estimate the effect of oriental treatment on recurrent pregnancy loss, a retrospective analysis was done. Methods: Sixty-eight pregnant women at the $\bigcirc\bigcirc$ oriental clinic, Korea, from January 2005 to May 2009 diagnosed as recurrent pregnancy loss were included in this study. The sixty-eight patients received oriental treatment such as acupuncture, moxibution, herbal acupuncture and herbal prescriptions, divided into two groups: Group A- live birth(N=58) and Group B- abortion(N=10). The maternal age, parity, menstrual history, gynecological history and period of treatment were compared. To find out factors affecting the success of birth, we performed binary logistic regression analysis(SPSS ver. 14.0 for windows). Results: The live birth rate was 85.3%. The maternal age, parity, menstrual history, gynecological history and period of treatment were not different between two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that the significant factors predicting the occurrence of miscarriage were advanced maternal age(${\geq}35$)(P=0.005, Odds Ratio[OR]=3.809, 95% Confidence Interval[95%CI]: 1.514-9.585) and suffering from gynecological problems(P=0.044, OR=4.048, 95%CI: 1.037-15.801). Conclusions: The results suggest that oriental treatment has effectiveness on recurrent pregnancy loss. Further study will be needed.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.332-341
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• 2015

Purpose: Advanced aged pregnancy may be related with health problems so that more aggressive health care is necessary for these women. This study aimed to provide the basic data for developing nursing intervention programs to enhance the health of pregnant women and their new-born babies and by identifying the advanced aged women's need for pregnancy and childbirth. Methods: It is the cross-sectional descriptive study to identify the advanced aged women's need on pregnancy and childbirth. Subjects were pregnant women 35 years or older and postpartum women. Total number of subjects was 95. Measurement tool is self-reporting survey that consisted of 67 items with four-point Likert scale, which was completed during October to November 2014. Results: Average score was 3.44 out of maximum 4 on the care need on pregnancy and childbirth. Average scores according to category were as follows: baby rearing and parental role, 3.55; preconception care, 3.49; delivery care, 3.47; postpartum care 3.42; and prenatal pregnancy, 3.39. The degree of needs on pregnancy and childbirth was different according to delivery experience (t=-2.49, p=.014). Conclusion: Prenatal and postpartum nursing interventions were completed regardless of pregnant women's age until now; however, new nursing intervention programs are necessary to prevent the risk of advanced aged pregnancy, to provide the preconception care, and to increase the infant care and family support.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.104-115
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• 2008

Purpose: A study of the family planning and Maternal-Child Health Services that disciplined itself in primary health care post form 1980 to 2009. Method: Investigation studies family planning in primary health care post and a change process of a Maternal-Child Health Services into case by case until 2009 from 1980. Results: Our country family planning business began at economic development dimensions in order to solve a poverty issue. This business goal were childbirth decrease of pregnancy possibility couple aged 19~49 and improve to mother and child health. For this goal, all kinds of health education included sex education and contraception education, contraception service, comprehensive maternal and child health service that management of front and back of childbirth etc. are provided. According to fail down a birthrate from 6.0(1962) to 1.25(2009), the nation reached to a dilemma called childbirth encouragement policy. Conclusions: Decrease of labor supply by low birthrate, decrease numerical an employed person by aging was brought a labor shortage and decrease of productivity of labor of industrial manpower. Deterioration phenomenon of financial income and expenditure by consumption and investment contraction caused decrease of slowdown of economic growth and potential growth rate, and a social cost burden is increased by deterioration financial old man support burden increase by this and pensions and health insurance, a sharp increase of social welfare cost etc. Now, in order to solve a low birth issue, the government establishes a whole nation forwarding system and establishes basic plan social low birth and advanced age, and to prepare for childbirth fault factors removal and advanced age society shall endeavor.