• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.398-411
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• 2002

Objectives: The purpose of present study was to investigate the experience and point prevalence rate and factors related with Low Back Pain (LBP) in train egineers. Methods: Questionnaires were completed by 324 train engineers in Daejeon railroad administration from May 2002. The information was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95$\%$ confidence intervals (CI) for factors relation to LBP. A retrospective study design was used. Results: The experience rate for LBP was 67.9$\%$, 54$\%$ in one year interval prevalence, 53.4$\%$ in 6 months interval prevalence, and 47.8$\%$ in a point prevalence rate. Variables significantly associated with LBP experience were age (p=0.0327), train vibration(p=0.0015), labour hour(p=0.0034), and pay(p=0.0534). As subjects got older, the higher experience for LBP was (OR=1.1, 95$\%$ CI 1.0-1.2). LBP experience rate for people who had felt train vibration was a higher than those who did not (OR=2.5, 95$\%$ CI 1.4-4.4, OR=2.3 95$\%$ CI 1.3-4.0 in a point prevalence). The people who worked for long hour was a higher than those who did not (OR=2.8, 95$\%$ CI 1.4-5.6, OR=2.2, 95$\%$ CI 1.1-4.5 in a point prevalence). The people who were not satisfied with pay was a higher than those who were (OR=1.7, 95$\%$ CI 1.0-3.0). Factors related to a point prevalence rate were train vibration(p=0.0027), chair vibration (p=0.0444), and labour hour(p=0.0340). LBP a point prevalence rate for people who had felt the vibration of train chair was a higher than those who did not (OR=1.8 95$\%$ CI 0.7-2.0). Conclusions: Results from present study indicated that a statistically significant factors associated with LBP experience were age, train vibration, labour hour, and pay, Factors related to a point prevalence rate were also train vibration, the vibration of train chair, and labour hour.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2007

This study was carried out on 14,443 subjects (8,706 men, 5,737 women ; between 20-80 years of age, mean age $41.8{\pm}9.16$) who visited the health promotion center of one university hospital. Serum $T_3$, $T_4$ and TSH concentrations were measured with CIA using commercial kits on ADVIA Centaur Assay. The prevalence of thyroid disfunction was high in elderly people and women like in western countries. The results were as follows; 1. The prevalence of overt hyperthyroidism was 4.8/1,000 population (men 4.1/1,000, women 5.9/1,000) and was higher in women than in men. 2. The prevalence of subclinical hyperthyroidism was 10.7/1,000 population (men 9.0/1,000, women 13.2/1,000) with peak prevalence at the age group 50, 60 and was higher in women than in men. 3. The prevalence of overt hypothyroidism was 0.5/1,000 population (men 0.5/1,000, women 0.5/1,000). The prevalence increased with age and was significantly higher in women in the age group over 60 years. 4. The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 12.6/1,000 population (men 6.0/1,000, women 22.7/1,000) and was as high as about 4 times in women than in men. 5. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was higher in women than in men in all the age groups, and was higher in the age group 50, 60 years than in any other age group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.571-582
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• 2021

This study investigates the relationship between vitamin C intake and obesity prevalence among Korean adults. Based on data of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2017), a total of 1,356 participants were included in this analysis. Increasing the dietary vitamin C intake resulted in a significantly decreased occurrence of BMI obesity prevalence (p for trend=0.0194) and WC obesity prevalence (p for trend=0.0452). Moreover, increasing the dietary vitamin C intake of Korean adults having a high frequency of eating breakfast resulted in significantly decreased BMI obesity prevalence (p for trend=0.0406) and WC obesity prevalence (p for trend=0.0432). Among the Korean adults who ate out frequently, decreased BMI obesity prevalence was determined with increased intakes of dietary vitamin C (p for trend=0.0193) and total vitamin C (food and dietary supplements) (p for trend=0.0429), whereas significant decrease in WC obesity prevalence was observed with increased dietary vitamin C intake (p for trend=0.0484). Our results provide conclusive evidence that consumption of dietary vitamin C is associated with obesity prevalence in Korean adults, according to their habits of eating breakfast and frequency of eating out.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.264-269
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• 2020

Background: Inflammatory diseases can increase the prevalence of anemia. Recent studies confirmed that the prevalence of anemia is increased by atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory disease. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the correlation between AD severity and prevalence of anemia. Methods: We used data of pediatric patients from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA-PPS-2016). We included pediatric patients (<18 years) with AD diagnosis who were prescribed medications for AD. We applied a propensity score method with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) adjusting for differences in prevalence of confounders and performed IPTW logistic regression to evaluate associations between the anemia and severity of AD. Results: In total, 91,501 patients (mild AD: 47,054 patients; moderate-to-severe AD: 44,447 patients) <18 years who were prescribed drugs for AD were analyzed. Analysis of the probability of patients with mild AD and prevalence of anemia as a reference revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 1.159 (95% CI, 1.109-1.212; p<0.001) in moderate-to-severe AD patients, indicating a correlation between anemia prevalence and AD severity. Subgroup analysis according to gender, age group, and type of health insurance revealed there was an association between AD severity and anemia except in patients equal or older than 7 years. Conclusion: The prevalence of anemia increased with AD severity despite adjusting for confounding factors. Our results support the hypothesis that AD can cause anemia, and anemia prevalence could be increased in severe AD patients. Further studies are needed to establish a pathological basis.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.357-375
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• 2015

In our daily life, the probability of target prevalence in visual search varies from very low to high. However, most laboratory studies of visual search used a fixed probability of target prevalence at 50%. The present study examined the properties of information processing during visual search where the probability of target prevalence was manipulated to vary from low (20%), medium (50%), to high (80%). The search items were made of simple shape stimuli, and search accuracy, signal detection measures, and reaction times (RTs) were analyzed for characterizing the effect of target prevalence on the information processing strategies for visual search. The analyses showed that the rates of misses increased whereas those of false alarms decreased in the search condition of low target prevalence, whereas the pattern was reversed in the high prevalence condition. Signal detection measures revealed that the target prevalence shifted response criterion (c) without affecting sensitivity (d'). In addition, RTs for correct rejection responses in the target-absent trials became delayed as the prevalence increased, whereas those for hits in the target-present trials were relatively constant regardless of the prevalence. The RT delay in the target-absent trials indicates that increased target prevalence made the 'quitting threshold' for search termination more conservative. These results support an account that the target prevalence effect in visual search arises from a shift of decision criteria and the subsequent changes in search information processing, while rejecting the account of a speed-accuracy tradeoff.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.751-755
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• 1998

Among 2,373 slaughtered pigs examined for one year(March 1995 to February 1996), 1,899 pigs had visible pulmonary lesions. Prevalence rate of pulmonary lesion was examined by pathological techniques according to rearing and health managements of pig farms. The results were as follows : 1. Prevalence rate of pulmonary lesion in all-in/all-out flow farms(71.9%) was lower than that in continous flow farms(85.2%). 2. Prevalence rate of pulmonary lesion in non-infected farms with Aujeszky's disease virus and/or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(74.4%) was lower than that in infected farms(85.5%). 3. During winter, prevalence rate of pulmonary lesion in farms with cold-control facilities(83.2%) was lower than that in farms with poor cold-control facilities.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1984

The author studied the prevalence of proximal dental caries of deciduous molar by observing intraoral radiographies of 478 children aging from 2 to 5 who visited the Dep. of Pedodontics, Seoul National University Hospital. The following results were obtained; 1. The prevalence of proximal caries of deciduous molar did not show significant difference between male and female, right and left side. 2. Mandibular deciduous molar had higher prevalence than maxillary deciduous molar. 3. The prevalence was increased with age. 4. The prevalence was highest in the distal surface of lower 1st deciduous molar and lowest in the distal surface of upper 2nd deciduous molar.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.61 no.8
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• pp.231-238
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• 2018

Purpose: Wasting and underweight are the 2 main indicators of children's undernutrition. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of undernutrition at the national level in Iran. Methods: We performed a search for original articles published in international and Iranian databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Scientific Information Database, Irandoc, Iranmedex, and Magiran during January 1989-August 2017. Seven keywords, in English and Persian, including malnutrition, protein energy malnutrition, growth disorders, underweight wasting, weight loss, children below 5 years old, and children, were used to search the databases. Results: Finally, 17 articles were included in the meta-analysis, based on which the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iranian children were estimated to be 11% and 5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of underweight among children in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 24%, 5%, 20%, 17%, and 6%, respectively. The prevalence rates of wasting in the central, western, southern, and northern parts of Iran and at the national level were 9%, 4%, 11%, 5%, and 4%, respectively. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of underweight and wasting in Iran was low, some parts of the country showed high prevalence. The main reason behind this difference in the prevalence of malnutrition may be due to the level of development in different regions.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2003

Object : This cross-sectional study was performed in order to evaluate the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among the hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Methods : Four hundred nineteen hospitalized schizophrenic patients(male=263, female=156) were recruited for this study. They were treated with antipsychotics for more than 3 months. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was assessed by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale. Results : The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia was 35.6%(Male=36.9%, Female 33.3%). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among male and female schizophrenic patients. The prevalence of tardive dyskinesia among the patients over 30years old was much higher than those below 30years old. There were no significant correlations between the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia and the duration of hospitalization, the total amount of antipsychotics. The frequently involved parts of the body in the schizophrenic patients who have tardive dyskinesia were tongue, upper extremity, lips and perioral area, jaw, lower extremity, muscles of facial expression trunk, respectively. Conclusions : There was significant correlation between the age and the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in the antipsychotic-treated schizophrenic patients. There were no correlations between the prevalence of tardive dyskinesia and gender difference, the duration of hospitalization, the total amount of antipsychotics.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the factors related to the perceived peer smoking prevalence for adolescents. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire was administered to 352 students in a technical high school in Kangwon Province in May, 2002. The questions included in the questionnaire were concerned with the estimated number of smokers among ten students of the same grade in their school, the sociodemographic characteristics, the smoking-related behaviors and attitudes, and the smoking-related environments. All the students had their expiratory carbon monoxide level measured with EC50 Micro-Smokerlyzer? to verify their smoking status. Multiple regression analysis was applied for data analysis using Windows SPSS 11.5. Results: The former and current smokers overestimated the peer smoking prevalence. Multiple regression analysis for estimating the peer smoking prevalence for the male showed that the perceived smoking prevalence was higher in the female students than in the male students, higher in those students whose mothers had a higher educational level, who had smoked more frequently, who had more best friends smoking, and who had a higher actual smoking rate of the class. For estimating the peer smoking prevalence for the female, the perceived smoking prevalence was higher in the female students than in the male students, higher in those who smoked more frequently, whose five best friends smoked, who had higher actual smoking rate of the class, and who had smoking siblings. Conclusions: This study showed that a higher perceived peer smoking rate is related with their own smoking history and smoking frequency, the smoking related environment, and gender. Smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs need to focus on correcting the falsely perceived smoking prevalence.