• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.79-88
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• 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CTX-M β-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, and the pattern of antibiotic resistance in cefotaxime-resistant gramnegative bacteria. A total 126 gram-negative bacteria were isolated from hospitalized dogs and cats between 2018 and 2019. The most predominant isolates were E. coli (n=41), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=25), Proteus mirabilis (n=14), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=9), Sphingomonas paucimobilis (n=7), and Enterobacter cloacae and Serratia marcescens (respectively, n=5). Cefotaxime-resistant isolates were identified in 26.2% (33 isolates) of 126 gram-negative bacteria. CTX-M type β-lactamase were found in 15 isolates (10 E. coli, 1 Ent, cloacae and 4 K. pneumoniae, respectively). Among the CTX-M producing gram-negative bacteria, CTX-M-1 and CTX-M-9 were detected in 10 (66.7%) and 5 (33.3%) isolates, respectively. While, CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-8 were not found. PMQR genes were detected in 12 (36.4%) isolates (4 E. coli, 2 Ent, cloacae and 6 K. pneumoniae, respectively), and the predominant PMQR gene was aac(6')-lb-cr (n=9), followed by qnrB (n=8) and qnrS (n=1) alone or in combination. qnrA and qepA were not found. Additionally, 9 (60%) of 12 PMQR positive isolates were co-existence with CTX-M-1 or CTX-M-9. CTX-M or PMQR producing isolates showed highly resistance to penicillins (100%), cephalosporins (100~66.7%), monobactams (72.2%), and non-β-lactam antibiotics (94.4~61.1%) such as quinolones, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin. These findings showed CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, aac(6')-lb-cr and qnrB were highly prevalent in cefotaxime-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from companion animals in our region. Moreover, PMQR genes were closely associated with CTX-M type β-lactamase.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the distribution of resistance genes in high-level streptomycin resistant Escherichia coli isolated from shellfish collected between April 2015 and March 2016 in Korea. From the 269 E. coli isolates obtained from shellfish samples, a total of 40 streptomycin-resistant isolates with MICs of > $1,024{\mu}g/ml$ were screened and the prevalence of streptomycin resistance determinants was analyzed by PCR. Among the isolates, strA-strB gene structure (77.5%) was the most frequent streptomycin resistance determinant, followed by aadA (30.0%). Six isolates (15.0%) simultaneously contained aadA and strA-strB determinants, whereas three of the isolates (7.5%) did not contain both resistance determinants examined in this work. The difference of MICs between the isolates having the same resistance gene was elucidated by real-time PCR results. The copy number of resistance genes differed considerably among the isolates, which solely harbored an aadA or strA-strB and showed different MICs.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 1977

The Present study was undertaken to evaluate the recent epidemiologic status in Seoul area by the cooperation of major 6 university hospitals. A total of 7221 patients with various forms of dermatophyte infections seen from July, 1972 to December, 1976 at the departments of dermatology of university hospitals of Seoul, Yonsei, Catholic, Korea, Ewha and Hanyang were analyzed statistically in regards to the age and sex prevalence, the frequency of various forms of dermatophytoses and the difference in yearly incidence by reviewing the patients' records. The results were as follows; 1. The percentage of the patients with dermatophytoses overall outpatients was 5.1%. 2. The distribution of various forms of dermatophytoses was tinea cruris in 38%, tinea pedis in 28%, tinea versicolor in 17%, tinea corporis in 10%, tinea manuum in 3%, onychomycosis in 2% and the tinea capitis in 1% in the order of frequency. 3. Male outnumbered female in about 2 : 1. In male the most frequent type was tinea cruris and in female, the tinea pedis. 4. Over 86% of the patients belonged to the age group below 39. Most patients with tinea capitis belonged to the age group below 19, wheras the overall peak incidene in various forms of dermatophytoses was in age group between 10 and 40. 5. There was no significant difference in yearly incidence throughout 5 years from 1972. to 1976 however, the tinea manuum seemed to be increasing every year.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.121-125
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• 2009

Purpose: This study has been conducted to know the prevalence of anisometropia and corneal refraction, accommodative response of myopic anisometropia. Methods: The study subject were 67 persons who myopic anisometropia of at least 1.00D, from among 808 total subject without ophthalmic diseases history from age 5 to 89 and the test were used to examine with both eyes open-view autorefractometer (NvisionK-5001). Results: The case which anisometropia were 85(10.5%) persons and myopic anisometropia were 67(78.8%) persons among the anisometropia. Difference between higher myopic eye and lower myopic eye were -1.22D${\pm}$0.94 in spherical equivalent, -0.25D${\pm}$0.72 in accommodative response, 0.04D${\pm}$0.68 in corneal refraction. In addition, the same case of both eyes accommodative response were 33(49.3%) persons, the great case of lower myopic eye accommodative response were 25(37.3%) persons and the great case of higher myopic eye accommodative response were 9(13.4%) persons. Conclusions: Myopic anisometropia was not affected by corneal refraction and both eyes difference of spherical equivalent was less as compared with both eyes difference of accommodative response.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.423-430
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• 2001

Objects: The purpose of this case-control study was done to examine the relationship between stroke prevalence and the anthropometric indices(body mass index(BMI), modified Broca's method(Broca's index), waist circumference(WC), waist-hip ratio(WHR)), dyslipidemia, past medical history(heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus(DM)), life-style factors(smoking, drinking) in Korean adults. Methods : The study group consisted of neurologically confirmed 116 stroke patients as the case group and 116 non-stroke patients as control group. Obesity were defined as $BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2,\;Broca's\;index{\geq}30%$, WC >94cm in male and WC >80cm in female, $WHR{\geq}0.9$ in male and $WHR{\geq}0.8$ in female. Oyslipidemia were defined as total $cholesterol{\geq}200mg/dl,\;triglyceride{\geq}200mg/dl,\;HDL-cholesterol {\leq}35mg/dl,\;LDL-cholesterol{\geq}160mg/dl$. Information on life-style factors and past medical history was obtained from personal interview. The analysis of the data was done by means of chi-square test(Pearson's chi-square test, Fisher's exact test) and student t-test. Results: The results were as follow. In the study group: Hypertension had a 4:05 odds ratio, Broca's $index{\geq}30%$ had a 1.98 odds ratio, WC >94cm in male had a 2.17 odds ratio, WC >80cm in female had a 2.80 odds ratio, $WHR{\geq}0.9$ in male had a 4.66 odds ratio, $WHR{\geq}0.8$ in female had a 5.35 odds ratio, but heart disease, DM, life-style factors, serum lipid and 8MI had no direct relationship with odds ratio(nonsignificant). By student t-test, risk factors for stroke were found to be total cholesterol(p=0,025), LDL-cholesterol(p=0.013), WC(p=0.000) and WHR(p=0.000). Conclusions: This study suggests that people should be advised to control hyperlitension, hyperlipidemia and obesity since these carry a risk of stroke.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.2 s.142
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• pp.157-161
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• 2007

A total of 1,496 rodents and insectivores were live-trapped at Yeoncheon-gun (n = 351), Paju-shi (804), and Pocheon-gun (343), Gyeonggi-do (Province), and examined for intestinal helminths, including Neodiplostomum seoulense, seasonally from December 2004 to September 2005. Six species of rodents, including Apodemus agrarius (1,366), Mus musculus (32), Micronytus fortis (28), Eothenomys regulus (9), Micronys minutus (6), and Cricetulus triton (3), and 1 species of insectivores Crocidura lasiura (54) were collected. A total of 321 adult N. seoulense were collected from 19 (1.4%) A. agrarius. The worm burden ranged from 1 to 101 per A. agrarius (mean; 16.9). No N. seoulense was observed in other rodent or insectivore species examined. The infection rate during autumn (4.5%) was higher than those during spring (0.8%), summer (0.8%), and winter (0.5%). The average number of N. seoulense in infected A. agrarius was the highest in spring (66.0 specimens), followed by autumn (15.2), winter (4.5), and summer (3.3). This study first confirms that A. agrarius is a natural definitive host for N. seoulense, and demonstrates that the infection rates and intensities vary seasonally and geographically.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.2 s.142
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• pp.153-156
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• 2007

The small intestines of 6 species of rodents and 1 species of insectivore were examined seasonally for Plagiorchis muris infection in 3 different localities in northern Gyeonggi-do (Province), near the demilitarized zone (DMZ). A total of 1,496 animals, including 1,366 Apodemus agrarius, 54 Crocidura iasiura (insectivore), 32 Mus musculus, 28 Micronytus fortis, 9 Eothenomys regulus, 6 Micronys minutus, and 3 Cricetulus triton, were live-trapped at Yeoncheon-gun (n = 351), Paju-shi (804) and Pocheon-gun (343) at 3-mo intervals from December 2004 to September 2005. A total of 1,647 P. muris were collected from 72 (5.3%) A. agrarius. The infection rate was the high-est in Pocheon-gun (8.2%), followed by Yeoncheon-gun (5.0%) and Paju-shi (4.2%). A higher infection rate was observed in A. agrarius captured during September (19.4%) than those captured during December (3.0%), June (2.6%), or April (0%). However, the worm burden was the highest in June (av. 32.1/animal), followed by September (24.7), December (4.0), and April (0). None of the other animal species were found infected with P. muris. The results reveal that A. agrarius is a natural definitive host for P. muris, and infection rates and worm burdens vary seasonally and geographically.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.691-698
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• 2019

The seasonal abundance of hard ticks that transmit severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus was monitored with a collection trap method every April to November during 2015-2018 and with a flagging method every July and August during 2015-2018 in Ganghwa-do (island) of Incheon Metropolitan City, Republic of Korea. This monitoring was performed in a copse, a short grass field, coniferous forest and broad-leaved forest. A total of 17,457 ticks (8,277 larvae, 4,137 nymphs, 3,389 females, and 1,654 males) of the ixodid ticks comprising 3 species (Haemaphysalis longicornis, H. flava, and Ixodes nipponensis) were collected with collection traps. Of the identified ticks, H. longicornis was the most frequently collected ticks (except larval ticks) (94.26%, 8,653/9,180 ticks (nymphs and adults)), followed by H. flava (5.71%, 524/9,180) and Ix. nipponensis (less than 0.04%, 3/9,180). The ticks collected with collecting traps were pooled and assayed for the presence of SFTS virus with negative results. In addition, for monitoring the prevalence of hard ticks, a total of 7,461 ticks (5,529 larvae, 1,272 nymphs, 469 females, and 191 males) of the ixodid ticks comprising 3 species (H. longicornis, H. flava, and Ix. nipponensis) were collected with flagging method. H. longicornis was the highest collected ticks (except larval ticks) (99.53%, 1,908/1,917 ticks (nymphs and adults)), followed by H. flava (1.15%, 22/1,917).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2020

Soil-transmitted helminths and Schistosoma haematobium affect more than 3 billion people globally and mainly occur in sub-Saharan Africa. The present study assessed the overall infection status of a 1716-student cohort of schoolchildren in Zanzibar and applied mass drug administration (MDA) to the cohort from 2007 to 2009. Schools in Pemba, Zanzibar, had a much higher prevalence of soil-transmitted helminth infections than those in Unguja, and the Chaani, Ghana, and Machui schools of Unguja exhibited high S. haematobium infection rates. The MDA program only partially controlled parasite infections, owing to high rates of re-infection. The infection rate of S. haematobium across all 10 schools, for example, was only reduced by 1.8%, and even this change not significant, even though the S. haematobium infection rates of the Chaani and Mzambarauni schools were significantly reduced from 64.4 and 23.4%, respectively, at the first screening, to 7.3 and 2.3% at the last screening. The overall infection rate of Ascaris lumbricoides was reduced from 36.0% at the first screening to 22.6% at the last screening. However, the infection rates for both Trichuris trichiura and hookworm were generally unaffected by MDA. In the future, parasite control programs should involve strategically designed MDA schedules and holistic intervention (e.g., sanitation improvement, hygiene behavior changes, and control of intermediated hosts).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2020

The chigger mite Leptotrombidium sialkotense is one of the 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China. Before present study, L. sialkotense was found in some parts of Hunan province, China with a narrow geographical distribution. During field investigation 2016-2017, we found L. sialkotense in Jingha, southern Yunnan, China. Of 15 small mammal host species, L. sialkotense were collected from 6 species of the hosts. Rattus brunneusculus was a dominant host of L. sialkotense, from which 98.3% of the mites were collected. The chigger mite showed a relatively high infestation prevalence (P_M =11.7%) and mean abundance (MA=0.5) in comparison with the rest 5 host species. These results reveal a certain host specificity of L. sialkotense to a rat R. brunneusculus. The mite L. sialkotense showed an aggregated distribution on the host (P<0.05). A positive correlation observed between L. sialkotense and the body length of hosts. There was a positive interspecific association between L. sialkotense and 2 other dominant vectors, L. deliense and L. scutellare.