• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.27-34
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• 2001

The soot formation characteristics have been studied experimentally in concentric co-flow ethylene/propane diffusion flames. Comparing to the homogeneously mixed propane/ethylene case, the increase of soot formation is observed when propane is supplied through the outer nozzle, while the decrease is observed when propane is supplied through the inner nozzle. The reaction path of PAHs formed from the pyrolysis process of propane is likely to be responsible to the observed difference. When propane is supplied through the outer nozzle, PAHs formed during the combustion process are easy to be exposed to the oxidization environment; however, when propane is supplied through the inner nozzle, PAHs are not likely to be oxidized and thus get involved in soot formation process. The synergistic effect in ethylene/propane diffusion flames is affected not only by the composition of mixture but also by the way of mixing.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.81-84
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• 2008

In this paper, the research was applied the mixture gas of Propane-DME (dimethyl ether) for being commercialization to residential gas ranges. In order to examine a correspondence between Korean Standard and thermal efficiency characteristics at each burner, experiments were performed with 100% Propane and the mixture gas of 80% Propane-20% DME. The experimental results were shown that the higher a mixture ratio of DME was used, the lower a thermal efficiency was gained. Those were due to low caloric value of DME. With 80% Propane-20% DME mixture gas, one of residential gas ranges was not satisfied the condition for the thermal efficiency value, 40%, Korean Standard. Consequently, the research needs about the standard for being commercialization to the mixture gas of Propane-DME.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.97-100
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• 2014

The combustion and emission characteristics of propane and n-butane which are the main components of LPG were compared with gasoline. The experiment was performed in a stratified DISI engine under lean combustion conditions. Mixtures of propane and n-butane wre more homogeneous because propane and n-butane have better evaporation characteristics. As a result, combustion speeds of n-butane and propane were slower, and emission levels of NOx and PM were lower. However, in spite of better evaporation, PM from propane was higher.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.28-39
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• 2019

In this paper is image characteristics of main gas can be a basic data for the identification of the type of leaking gas and the estimation of the emission quantity in OGI(Optical Gas Image) technology. The purpose of this research is to observe the differences of leaking gas images of the two important hydrocarbons of methane and propane in the industry. We fabricated a wind shield of quartz-based with infrared-permeable properties was prepared and methane and propane were simultaneous emission and then photographed with an infrared OGI camera and we are analyzed it. We have a stable image with windbreak of quartz-based minimizes the effect of wind. As a result of analyzing the image of two hydrocarbons with a leakage gas reference value of 1 L/min, an easily recognizable distances by OGI camera were 6 m for methane and 9 m for propane. In the distances range of 1 to 10 m between the infrared camera and the leaking gas point, the gas plume size of the propane gas was larger and clear than that of the methane gas plume. Compared with the number of points in the image, propane was 3.8 times more than methane.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2023

In this study, spray characteristics of n-heptane and propane were investigated under different injection pressure using various imaging techniques such as Mie-scattering, DBI (diffuse back-illumination), and Schlieren imaging techniques. NI compact RIO system was used to control a test injector. Spray penetration length, length-to-width ratio and number of black pixels were calculated by using MATLAB software to compare spray characteristics of each fuel. Longer spray penetration length and higher length-to-width ratio were observed in propane spray because of flash boiling caused by high saturated vapor pressure. Spray collapse occurred in propane spray due to the high plume-to-plume interaction. Moreover, rapid evaporation occurred in propane spray, so that nozzle tip wetting could not be observed. Rapid evaporation of propane also caused fewer residual droplets compared to n-heptane spray. Therefore, propane is advantageous in reducing the generation of soot emission from large droplets that are not atomized. However, additional evaluation should be conducted considering combustion efficiency and the possibility of deposits by nozzle tip icing during fuel injection.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.293-294
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• 2014

In Korea, only butane gas could be used as fuel gas of the outdoor gas stove. However, butane is not vaporized well at low temperatures. For this reason, in the field, nozzle of the portable butane gas stove is converted illegally to use propane gas. Because vapor pressure of propane gas is higher than that of butane gas at same temperature, gas accidents such as gas leakage could be occurred. To prevent gas accidents and use portable propane gas stoves safely, international standards need to be analyzed and verification tests need to be performed with prototype stove. This study could suggest to revise standard for safety improvement with portable propane gas stoves.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2007

The investigation has been made into the prediction of heat exchange performance of a counter flow type double-tube condenser for natural refrigerant mixtures composed of Propane/n-Butane or Propane/i-Butane in a smooth tube and micro-fin tube. Under various heat transfer conditions, mass flux, pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient of the mixed refrigerants were calculated using a prediction method, when the length of condensing tube, total heat transfer rate, mass flux and outlet temperature of coolant were maintained constant. Also, the predicted results were compared with those of HCFC22. The results showed that the mixed refrigerants of Propane/n-Butane or Propane/i-Butane could be substituted for HCFC22, while the pressure drop and overall heat transfer coefficient of the refrigerants were evaluated together.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.73-82
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• 2002

A small refrigeration system used in a water purifier was tested by employing propane/isobutane (R-290/R-6OOa) mixtures as an alternative refrigerant of R-12. The drop-in tests were performed by varying mass fraction of propane at 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 with a change of both refrigerant charge amount and capillary tube length in order to find an optimum composition in aspect of performance and reliability of the system. As a result, the mixture of 50% propane-50% isobutane showed the best performance and reliability among them in a small refrigeration system. During steady state operations, both the COP and refrigeration capacity increased by 4% and 9%, respectively, as compared to the baseline R-12 system. In addition, the propane/isobutane (50/50) mixture system yielded advantages in the minimization of modification and redesigning of system components due to very similar saturation tempera- ture and pressure characteristics with R-12.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.203-210
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• 2022

Combustion and performance of a spark-ignition engine fueled with propane and butane were analyzed under different compression ratio. The electricity efficiencies of propane and butane increased with increasing the electricity production. The heat release rates of propane and butane were similar at a compression ratio of 9:1 because both fuels had similar optimal ignition timings without knocking combustion. Therefore, the difference in electricity efficiencies of engine generators was insignificant. However, at a higher compression ratio of 11:1, the butane engine generator had a lower electricity efficiency than the propane engine generator because its ignition timing retarded to suppress the knocking combustion.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.290-299
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• 2008

Evaporation heat transfer characteristics of $CO_2$/propane mixtures in horizontal smooth and micro-fin tubes have been investigated by experiment. The experiments were carried out for several test conditions of mass fluxes, heat fluxes, compositions of $CO_2$/propane refrigerant mixtures and tube geometries. Direct heating method was used for supplying heat to the refrigerant where the test tube was uniformly heated by electric current which was applied to the tube wall. Heat transfer coefficient data during evaporation process of $CO_2$/propane mixtures were measured for 5 m long smooth and micro-fin tubes with outer diameters of 5 mm, respectively. The tests were conducted at mass fluxes of 318 to 997 $kg/m^2s$, heat fluxes of 6 to 20 $kW/m^2$ and for several mixture compositions (100/0, 75/25, 50/50, 25/75, 100/0 by wt% of $CO_2$/propane). The differences of heat transfer characteristics between smooth and micro-fin tubes for various compositions of $CO_2$/propane refrigerant mixtures and the effect of mass flux, and heat flux on enhancement factor (EF) and penalty factor (PF) were presented.