• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.77-82
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• 2002

이미 분화된 연골세포의 성숙과정에 미치는 X-선의 작용에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있다. 그러나 연골세포나 섬유아세포, 근육세포로 분화될 수 있는 미분화 간충직 세포의 분화과정에 미치는 X-선의 영향에 대해서는 잘 알려져 있지 않아, 본 연구에서는 초기 분화연구에 좋은 대상이 되는 계배 미분화 간충직세포를 이용하여 선량(1-10Gy)에 따라 연골세포 분화 과정에 X-선이 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 조사하였다. 연구결과 선량 의존적으로 연골세포분화가 억제됨을 alcian blue로 sulfated proteoglycan을 염색한 결과를 통해 알 수 있었다. 이는 X-선이 간충직세포와 같은 성숙 이전의 연골성 세포들에게는 모두 영향을 미침을 보여주는 것이다. 또한 이미 알려진 바와 같이 X-선은 분화된 연골세포의 성숙과정에 영향을 주기도 하지만 상기 연구를 통해서 간충직세포로부터 연골세포로 분화하는 과정을 억제시키기도 함을 보여줌으로써 간충직세포로부터 성숙된 연골세포로 되는 전과정에 X-선이 영향을 미친다는 사실과, 분화가 이루어지지 않은 세포일수록 X-선 조사의 영향을 크게 받음을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1401-1408
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• 2021

This study examined whether the oral administration of low-molecular-weight collagen peptide (LMCP) containing 3% Gly-Pro-Hyp with >15% tripeptide (Gly-X-Y) content could ameliorate osteoarthritis (OA) progression using a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model of induced OA and chondrocytes isolated from a patient with OA. Oral LMCP administration (100 or 200 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks ameliorated cartilage damage and reduced the loss of proteoglycan compared to the findings in the ACLT control group, resulting in dose-dependent (p < 0.05) improvements of the OARSI score in hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and Safranin O staining. In micro-computed tomography analysis, LMCP also significantly (p < 0.05) suppressed the deterioration of the microstructure in tibial subchondral bone during OA progression. The elevation of IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations in synovial fluid following OA induction was dose-dependently (p < 0.05) reduced by LMCP treatment. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry illustrated that LMCP significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated type II collagen and downregulated matrix metalloproteinase-13 in cartilage tissue. Consistent with the in vivo results, LMCP significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mRNA expression of COL2A1 and ACAN in chondrocytes isolated from a patient with OA regardless of the conditions for IL-1β induction. These findings suggest that LMCP has potential as a therapeutic treatment for OA that stimulates cartilage regeneration.

• BMB Reports
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2019

Endothelial dysfunction-induced lipid retention is an early feature of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is one of the major modulating factors of atherogenesis, which accelerates atherosclerosis progression by causing plaque destabilization and rupture. However, the mechanism underlying VSMC apoptosis mediated by endothelial dysfunction in relation to atherosclerosis remains elusive. In this study, we reveal differential expression of several genes related to lipid retention and apoptosis, in conjunction with atherosclerosis, by utilizing a genetic mouse model of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) deficiency manifesting endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, eNOS deficiency led to the enhanced susceptibility against pro-apoptotic insult in VSMCs. In particular, the expression of aggrecan, a major proteoglycan, was elevated in aortic tissue of eNOS deficient mice compared to wild type mice, and administration of aggrecan induced apoptosis in VSMCs. This suggests that eNOS deficiency may elevate aggrecan expression, which promotes apoptosis in VSMC, thereby contributing to atherosclerosis progression. These results may facilitate the development of novel approaches for improving the diagnosis or treatment of atherosclerosis.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.102-106
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• 2018

Aggrecan is a proteoglycan in the extracellular matrix of growth plate and cartilaginous tissues. Aggrecanopathy has been reported as a genetic cause not only for severe skeletal dysplasia but also for autosomal dominant short stature with normal to advanced bone age. We report a novel heterozygous mutation of ACAN in a Korean family with proportionate short stature identified through targeted exome sequencing. We present a girl of 4 years and 9 months with a family history of short stature over three generations. The paternal grandmother is 143 cm tall (-3.8 as a Korean standard deviation score [SDS]), the father 155 cm (-3.4 SDS), and the index case 96.2 cm (-2.9 SDS). Evaluation for short stature showed normal growth hormone (GH) peaks in the GH provocation test and a mild delayed bone age for chronological age. This subject had clinical characteristics including a triangular face, flat nasal bridge, prognathia, blue sclerae, and brittle teeth. The targeted exome sequencing was applied to detect autosomal dominant growth palate disorder. The novel variant c.910G>A (p.Asp304Asn) in ACAN was identified and this variant was found in the subject's father using Sanger sequencing. This is the first case of Korean familial short stature due to ACAN mutation. ACAN should be considered for proportionate idiopathic short stature, especially in cases of familial short stature.

• 생체재료학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2018

Background: The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by many factors, including oxygen tensions, growth factors, and cytokines. Evidences have suggested that low oxygen tension seems to be an important regulatory factor in the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in various MSCs. Recent studies report that synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDSCs) are a potential source of stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. But, the effect of low oxygen tension on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in SDSCs has not characterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on proliferation and chondrogenesis in SDSCs. Method: SDSCs were isolated from patients with osteoarthritis at total knee replacement. To determine the effect of oxygen tension on proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs, A colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and cell counting-based proliferation assay were performed under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (5% oxygen). For in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, SDSCs were concentrated to form pellets and subjected to conditions appropriate for chondrogenic differentiation under normoxia and hypoxia, followed by the analysis for the expression of genes and proteins of chondrogenesis. qRT-PCR, histological assay, and glycosoaminoglycan assays were determined to assess chondrogenesis. Results: Low oxygen condition significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs compared to that of SDSCs under normoxic culture. Similar pellet size and weight were found for chondrogensis period under hypoxia and normoxia condition. The mRNA expression of types II collagen, aggrecan, and the transcription factor SOX9 was increased under hypoxia condition. Histological sections stained with Safranin-O demonstrated that hypoxic conditions had increased proteoglycan synthesis. Immunohistochemistry for types II collagen demonstrated that hypoxic culture of SDSCs increased type II collagen expression. In addition, GAG deposition was significantly higher in hypoxia compared with normoxia at 21 days of differentiation. Conclusion: These findings show that hypoxia condition has an important role in regulating the synthesis ECM matrix by SDSCs as they undergo chondrogenesis. This has important implications for cartilage tissue engineering applications of SDSCs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1656-1665
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• 2022

Objective: Water buffalo, an important domestic animal in tropical and subtropical regions, play an important role in agricultural economy. It is an important source for milk, meat, horns, skin, and draft power, especially its rich milk that is the great source of cream, butter, yogurt, and many cheeses. In recent years, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play pivotal roles in many biological processes. Previous studies for the mammary gland development of water buffalo mainly focus on protein coding genes. However, lncRNAs of water buffalo remain poorly understood, and the regulation relationship between mammary gland development/milk production traits and lncRNA expression is also unclear. Methods: Here, we sequenced 22 samples of the milk somatic cells from three lactation stages and integrated the current annotation and identified 7,962 lncRNA genes. Results: By comparing the lncRNA genes of the water buffalo in the early, peak, and late different lactation stages, we found that lncRNA gene lnc-bbug14207 displayed significantly different expression between early and late lactation stages. And lnc-bbug14207 may regulate neighboring milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) and hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3 (HAPLN3) protein coding genes, which are vital for mammary gland development. Conclusion: This study provides the first genome-wide identification of water buffalo lncRNAs and unveils the potential lncRNAs that impact mammary gland development.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2017

Objective : The aim of this study is to investigate anti-arthritis activity using a korea's natural monument No. 265 designate 'Yeonsan-Ogye'. In this study, research by using extracts from different concentration of the Yeonsan-Ogye through an MIA-induced arthritis animal model was being conducted in vivo and scientifically verifying the efficacy of medicinal food. Methods : Yeonsan-Ogye was administered 500 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day, 2000 mg/kg/day to SD-Rat, where arthritis was induced by monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) at $60mg/m{\ell}$. MMP-9, COMP, CTXII, calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum were measured by ELISA. The changes of relative hind paw weight bearing ratio by Incapacitance Test Meter and The cartilage of meniscus volume was examined and 3-D high-resolution reconstructions of the cartilage of meniscus were obtained using a Micro-CT system. Also, the histopathological analysis of knee was observed by H&E and safranin-O staining. Results : Production of MMP-9, COMP (all groups) and CTXII (500, 1000 mg/kg/day) level in serum was decreased, respectively, in comparison with control. The other way, production of calcitonin (500, 1000 mg/kg/day) and glycosaminoglycan (all groups) level in serum, Hind paw weight bearing ratio (all groups) was increased, espectively, in comparison with control. The cartilage of patella volume in micro-CT increased significantly. In addition, all groups showed a increase in the cartilage volume and proteoglycan. Conclusion : The results for Yeonsan-Ogye showed significant antiarthritis activity in serum and the cartilage. Therefore, it is thought to be that Yeonsan Ogye can be utilized as a variety of new korea medicie and health foods against arthritis diseases.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2018

Objectives : In cases of osteoarthritis, the hypofunction of the cartilage and joint leads to a limited range of joint motion, swelling, and pain, which is generally treated using pharmaceutical drugs (e.g., anti-inflammatory agents, cartilage protectants, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) or replacement arthroplasty. However, long-term drug treatment is associated with adverse effects on the gastrointestinal systems. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of Giheolsotong-hwan to treat of osteoarthritis symptoms in the MIA-induced rat model based on histological analysis, and factors that are associated with inflammation and bone mineral metabolism. Methods : Giheolsotong-hwan was administered orally at doses of 200 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks before direct injection of monosodium iodoacetate ($3mg/50{\mu}{\ell}$ of 0.9% saline) into the intra-articular space of the rats' right knee. The rats subsequently received the same doses of oral Giheolsotong-hwan for another 4 weeks. We evaluated the treatment effects based on serum biomarkers and histopathological analysis of the knee joints. Results : Compared to those in control rats, the Giheolsotong-hwan treatments significantly decreased the serum concentration of inflammation factors (i.e., $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $PGE_2$, and $LTB_4$), and bone degrade factors (i.e., MMP-9, CTX-II, and COMP). In addition, the Giheolsotong-hwan treatments significantly increased the concentration of glycosaminoglycans of bone defence factors, but no chage the TIMP-1. Furthermore, the Giheolsotong-hwan treatments effectively preserved the knee cartilage and proteoglycan. Conclusion : The results indicate that Giheolsotong-hwan treated osteoarthritis symptoms. Thus, Giheolsotong-hwan may be a novel oriental therapeutic option for the management of osteoarthritis.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of osteoarthritis using a Yeonsan-Ogye egg. so, we researched at effects of Yeonsan-Ogye egg extract on MIA-induced Osteoarthritis animal models. Methods : Yeonsan-Ogye egg extract was administered 500 mg/kg/day, 1000 mg/kg/day and 2000 mg/kg/day to SD-Rat for 2 weeks. After that, osteoarthritis was induced with $60mg/m{\ell}$ of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) and futher administration was continued for 4 weeks. 3D imaging of cartilage patella were obtained using a Micro-CT system and the pathology change of knee was observed by H&E and safranin-O staining. The weight bearing ratio was measured by incapacitance test meter. MMP-2, MMP-9, COMP, CTX II, calcitonin and glycosaminoglycan level in serum were measured using a ELISA. Results : Micro-CT and Histopathological analysis showed the volume of the patella cartilage and the proteoglycan contents were increased in all groups. also weight bearing ratio was decreased in all groups compared with control group. Calcitonin production was increased in and 2000 mg/kg/day group and glycosaminoglycan production was increased in all groups. In addition, MMP-2, MMP-9, COMP and CTX II production were decreased in 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day groups respectively in comparison with control. Conclusions : The results for Yeonsan-Ogye egg showed prevention and treatment efficacy against arthritis at serum and the cartilage. These results may be used a remedy for new korea medicine to ease the symptoms mentioned above. also, suggest that Yeonsan-Ogye egg can be used preventive and therapeutic material for osteoarthritis.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2022

Objective : To explore the histological feature of the cervical disc degeneration in patients with degenerative ossification (DO) and its potential mechanisms. Methods : A total of 96 surgical segments, from cervical disc degenerative disease patients with surgical treatment, were divided into ossification group (group O, n=46) and non-ossification group (group NO, n=50) based on preoperative radiological exams. Samples of disc tissues and osteophytes were harvested during the decompression operation. The hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson trichrome staining and Safranin O-fast green staining were used to compare the histological differences between the two groups. And the distribution and content of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 between the two groups were compared by a semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Results : For all the disc tissues, the content of disc cells and collagen fibers decreased gradually from the outer annulus fibrosus (OAF) to the central nucleus pulposus (NP). Compared with group NO, the number of disc cells in group O increased significantly. But for proteoglycan in the inner annulus fibrosus (IAF) and NP, the content in group O decreased significantly. IHC analysis showed that TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 were detected in all tissues. For group O, the content of TGF-β1 in the OAF and NP was significantly higher than that in group NO. For p-Smad2 in IAF and p-Smad3 in OAF, the content in group O were significantly higher than group NO. Conclusion : Histologically, cervical disc degeneration in patients with DO is more severe than that without DO. Local higher content of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, and p-Smad3 are involved in the disc degeneration with DO. Further studies with multi-approach analyses are needed to better understand the role of TGF-β/Smads signaling pathway in the disc degeneration with DO.