• 제목/요약/키워드: Proxy reports

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Analysis of Concordance Between Parent Proxy and Child Self-report of KIDSCREEN-10 Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire in an Elementary School-based Wellness Program: A Pilot Focus Group Study

  • Choi, Bongsam
    • 한국전문물리치료학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.146-153
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    • 2021
  • Background: Researchers have previously commenced examining the degree of concordance between parent proxy and child self-reports on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of many disease and impairment populations. Objects: To explore the differences between parent proxy and child self-reports on the HRQOL using Korean version of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires for applying to elementary school children and their parents who participated for a school-based wellness program. Methods: The focus groups were recruited for a school-based wellness program by implementing the following wellness services: 1) referring to a screening session for detecting potential posture-related musculoskeletal problems and 2) recommending home exercise programs. Before a primary field testing for the program, two focus groups were formed with a group of 9 parents and their 9 elementary school children aged 8-10 years of age. The parent proxy and child self-report versions of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaires were administered to both groups after completion of the wellness program. Item level Rasch rating scale analysis was applied to compute logit scales of KIDSCREEN-10 questionnaire. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and scatterplot of item difficulty between two reports were analyzed. Results: For fit statistics of parent proxy report, all items except 4 items (i.e., psychological well-being, mood/emotions, self-perception, parent relation) were found to be acceptable. For fit statistics of child self-report, all items except 3 items (i.e., psychological well-being, autonomy and home life) were acceptable. The relationship between two reports using ICCs were ranging from weak to very strong at p = 0.05 (i.e, ICCs = 0.011 to 0.905). Scatterplot analysis between two reports showed a major disparity on self-perception item at 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: Both item level analyses and ICC comparisons provided a disparity between parent proxy and child self-reports of the HRQOL on self-perception item after competing a school-based wellness program. Therapist should consider the item as part of the HRQOL assessment.

Determinants of Default Risks and Risk Management: Evidence from Rural Banks in Indonesia

  • PUSPITASARI, Devy Mawarnie;FEBRIAN, Erie;ANWAR, Mokhammad;SUDARSONO, Rahmat;NAPITUPULU, Sotarduga
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권8호
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    • pp.497-502
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    • 2021
  • This study aims to investigate the determinants of default risk of rural banks in East Java, Indonesia. The method used is descriptive verification and logistic regression analysis. The data used is secondary in the form of monthly annual financial reports of rural banks in East Java during the period 2009-2018. From the results, it was shown that net interest margin (NIM) as a proxy of market risk, non-performing loan (NPL) as a proxy of credit risk, operation efficiency as a proxy of operational risk and return on assets (ROA) as a proxy of profitability have a significant influence on default risk. Meanwhile, the loan to deposit (LDR) ratio as a proxy of liquidity risk has no significant influence on default risk. Banks need to implement risk management and meet the capital adequacy requirements of regulators so that they are resistant to risk, and also, compliant with bank governance to be able to produce high returns for rural banks have an impact on sustainability and its existence. The ability to identify setbacks in bank conditions and the ability to distinguish between healthy and problematic banks will enable to anticipate default banks.

발달장애인 부모의 대리 의사표시의 정합도와 편향에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Agreement and Bias between Parents' Proxy report and Self-report of People with Developmental Disabilities)

  • 전동일;전지혜
    • 융합정보논문지
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    • 제9권5호
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    • pp.201-209
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구의 목적은 발달장애인 부모가 발달장애인의 의사를 잘 대리하는지를 분석하는데 있다. 분석 자료는 2014년 장애인실태조사 원자료를 활용하였다. 발달장애인 본인이 응답한 내용과 발달장애인을 대신하여 부모가 응답대리한 항목의 값의 일치도를 통해 부모 대리응답자의 의사표시의 정합성과 편향성을 분석하였다. 분석결과, 첫째, 부모 대리응답자는 발달장애인에 대해 삶의 만족도와 같은 실태에 대해 잘 응답대리하고 있으나 비용 항목은 심하게 과대 계상하는 긍정편향을, 차별 인식은 부정 편향 대리가 나타났다. 둘째, 자립과 관련되어 다수의 발달장애인 부모 대리응답자는 발달장애인 본인과 의사표시 정합성이 높았다. 다만, 약 5~10% 정도의 부모 대리응답자가 발달장애인과 의견과 달리 시설 형태의 비일반주택을 선호하여 자립정책을 왜곡할 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이를 토대로 향후 발달장애인을 대상으로 하는 욕구 및 자립의향 연구조사시 가능한 당사자의 응답을 받을 수 있어야 함을 제안하였고, 대리응답의 정합도 연구가 다차원적으로 필요함을 논의하였다.

An Empirical Investigation on the Relation between Disclosure and Financial Performance of Islamic Banks in the United Arab Emirates

  • TABASH, Mosab I.
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2019
  • The paper examines the level of disclosure on Islamic banks' performance in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The data was collected through content analysis of annual reports and financial statements of all fully-fledged Islamic banks working in the UAE over the period 2009 to 2013. Return on Assets is used as a proxy for the performance of Islamic banks while disclosure index is used as a proxy for Islamic banks' disclosure. Also, predetermined variables are used in the study like Size, Deposits, Non-Performing Investments and Capital to Risk Weighted Assets Ratio. Two-Stage Least-Square regression method is used to check the interdependence relationships between disclosure and performance of Islamic banks in the UAE. The results show a significant relationship between performance and disclosure in the UAE Islamic banks. Our regression results show that Islamic banks with higher levels of disclosure lead to higher operating performance. Furthermore, the performance has a great impact on the level of disclosure which means Islamic banks with high performance measures will disclose more information for investors and other institutions in order to reduce the cost of equity and increase their values in the market. This study is considered as a battery for further studies in the relationship between disclosure and financial performance of Islamic banks at a global level.

초등학교 아동과 보호자에게 적용한 삶의 질 평가도구의 동시타당도 연구: 표적집단 파일럿연구 (Concurrent Validity of the Self-Report and Proxy-Report Versions of a Health-Related Quality of Life Measure: A Focus Group Study)

  • 최봉삼
    • 대한감각통합치료학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.45-57
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    • 2023
  • 목적 : 이 연구의 목적은 학령기아동의 바른 자세유지를 위한 학교기반 웰니스 프로그램 적용 후, 아동의 자기보고식(self-report) 및 보호자의 대리보고식(proxy-report) 삶의 질 평가도구의 동시타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 학령기 아동 및 아동의 보호자 각 9명씩 총 18명을 표적집단으로 선정하여 연구대상으로 하였다. 초등학교 아동의 바른자세 유지하기 위한 웰니스 프로그램을 실시한 후 변화된 아동의 삶의 질에 대한 평가를 위해 한글판 KIDSCREEN-10 평가도구(아동용 및 보호자용)를 적용하였다. 라쉬 평정척도 모형을 적용하여, 문항의 적합도 및 난이도, 문항-대상자 도표 비교를 통하여 아동의 자기보고식 평가와 보호자 대리보고식 평가의 동시타당도를 검증하였다. 결과 : 아동의 자기보고식 평가에서는 자율성, 가정생활, 집중/배움, 또래집단/사회적 지지 4개문항, 보호자의 대리보고식 평가에서는 자아 인지적, 기분/정서적인 2개 문항이 적합도 기준을 벗어났다. 아동의 자기보고식 평가는 20점부터 50점 후반대에 분포하였고, 보호자의 대리보고식 평가는 30점 중반부터 50점 후반 영역에 주로 분포하여 비슷한 난이도 분포를 보였다. 아동과 보호자 평가의 상관관계분석결과, 스페어만 상관계수 p=.533(p>.05)으로 중간정도의 관련성을 보였으나 통계학적으로 유의하지 않았다. 아동은 자아인지적 문항을 비교적 쉬운 난이도로 인지하였으나(난이도 13.01), 보호자는 비교적 어려운 난이도 문항으로 인지하였다(난이도 46.21). 아동은 심리적, 신체적인 문항을 보호자보다 어렵게 인지하였고(난이도 각각 50.78, 50.78), 보호자는 아동보다 보다 쉽게 인지하는 반응을 보였다(난이도 각각 38.25, 34.88). 결론 : 향후 아동을 대상으로 하는 삶의 질 연구에서 신체적, 심리적, 자아인지 문항에서 아동과 보호자 평가의 차이점을 고려하여 아동의 삶의 질 평가가 이루어 져야 하겠다.

The Impact of Intellectual Capital Disclosure on Firm Performance: Empirical Evidence from Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry of Bangladesh

  • RAHMAN, Md. Musfiqur;SOBHAN, Raihan;ISLAM, Md. Shafiqul
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.119-129
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    • 2020
  • The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of intellectual capital disclosure (ICD) on firm performance in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry of Bangladesh. In this study, 21 listed pharmaceutical and chemical companies have been selected as sample for 2016 and 2017. This study used the intellectual capital disclosure index developed by Rahman, Sobhan, and Islam. Return on assets and return on equity have been used as the proxy variable of firm performance. In this study, content analysis is performed to assess the level of disclosure regarding intellectual capital and pooled cross-sectional analysis is used to assess the relationship between ICD and firm performance. The study has found a positive and significant relationship between ICD and firm performance. Besides, an in-depth analysis of this study shows that all the components of ICD namely internal capital disclosure, external capital disclosure, and human capital disclosure are also positively and significantly associated with firm performance. The study suggests the development of an intellectual capital disclosure framework by the regulatory authority for mandatory compliance. This will improve the quality and quantity of ICD in the annual reports. Besides, firms should more emphasize on ICD which will help to improve their performance.

Simultaneous Equations and Endogeneity in Corporate Finance: The Linkage between Institutional Ownership and Corporate Financial Performance

  • MALIK, Qaisar Ali;HUSSAIN, Shahzad;ULLAH, Naeem;WAHEED, Abdul;NAEEM, Muhammad;MANSOOR, Muhammad
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제8권3호
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2021
  • The objective of this research is to explore the inconclusive theoretical and empirical association between institutional ownership and firm performance in the context of emerging Pakistani economy. The data set consists of all the non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). Annual data set covers the period ranging from 2010 to 2015. However, the econometric analysis does not include those firms with incomplete data. Thus the final data set comprised of an unbalanced panel of sample of 276 firms with 1231 firms years observations. Data related to the institutional ownership and other variables taken for the study were extracted through the annual financial reports of the firms. The research used Tobin's Q as a proxy of market measure of firm performance and tested the endogenous relation with institutional ownership through OLS and 2SLS approach. The study also applied Durbin-Wu-Hausman test to determine the endogeneity before analyzing the 2SLS model. The Durbin-Wu-Hausman Test (DWH) conform the endogenous link between institutional ownership and performance and vice versa. The results derived from 2SLS also confirm a highly significant relationship and two way direct proportional relationships between the institutional investment and corporate performance in the studied companies.

All-IP 무선망을 위한 에이전트 기반의 멀티캐스트 랜드오프 메커니즘 (Agent based Multicast Handoff Mechanism for All-IP Wireless Network)

  • 김병순;한기준
    • 한국정보과학회논문지:정보통신
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    • 제29권2호
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    • pp.197-203
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    • 2002
  • 이 논문은 IP 멀티캐스트 상에서 핸드오프 지연을 줄이기 위해 Multicast Handoff Agent(MHA)라는 에이전트에 기반을 둔 새로운 멀티캐스트 랜드오프 메커니즘을 제안한다. MHA는 기지국에서 이동 호스트의 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP)에 대한 프록시로서 동작되고 셀 내의 멀티캐스트 그룹의 구성원에 대한 정보를 유지하는 역할을 한다. 이동 호스트가 다른 셀로 이동할 때, MHA는 IGMP query 메시지를 기다리지 않고 즉시 리포트 메시지를 전송한다. 제안하는 메커니즘은 시뮬레이션과 분석을 통해 성능평가 되고 마이크로 이동성과 IGMP 트래픽에 대하여 IGMPv2와 비교분석 한다. 시뮬레이션 결과로서 마이크로 이동성에 대한 랜드오프 지연이 크게 줄일 수 있고 또한 그룹의 구성원으로 있는 동안 무선 링크상의 IGMP 제어 트래픽을 제거될 수 있음을 보인다. 따라서 제안하는 메커니즘은 마이크로 이동성에 대해 기존의 메커니즘보다 뛰어나고, IGMP 질의에 대한 응답이 불필요하여 배터리 지속시간이 오래갈 수 있다.

VANET를 위한 효율적인 서명 일괄 확인 시스템 (An Efficient Signature Batch Verification System for VANET)

  • 임지환;오희국;김상진
    • 정보보호학회논문지
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.17-31
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    • 2010
  • VANET(Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork)에서 차량들은 일괄 확인(batch verification) 기법을 이용해 많은 수의 서명 메시지를 효율적으로 검증할 수 있다. 하지만 각 차량에서의 개별적인 일괄 확인은 네트워크 전체적으로 볼 때 불필요한 중복 검증을 발생시킨다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 RSU(Road Side Unit)가 노드를 대신해서 일괄 확인을 수행 할 수 있지만, 이 방법은 일괄 확인이 실패했을 경우 유효하지 않은 서명을 효율적으로 찾을 수 있는 방법이 추가적으로 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 분산 일괄 확인 시스템을 설계하기 위해 고려되어야하는 몇 가지 방법론에 대해서 분석하고 참여 차량이 작은 크기의 서명 집합을 분산해서 일괄 확인하는 효율적인 분산 일괄 확인 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템에서 각 노드는 RSU에게 단순 일괄 확인 결과만을 보고하거나 식별한 유효하지 않은 서명들을 보고할 수 있으며 이를 수신한 RSU는 노드의 이 일괄 검증 결과 리포트를 이용하여 효율적으로 유효하지 않은 서명을 식별하여 배제할 수 있다.

Cost Behaviors and Cost Structure of Public Hospitals in India: Analysis from the Perspective of Congestion Costs

  • MISHRA, Nidhish Kumar;ALI, Ijaz;SENAN, Nabil Ahmed Mareai;UDDIN, Moin;BAIG, Asif;KHATOON, Asma;IMAM, Ashraf;KHAN, Imran Ahmad
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.315-324
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    • 2022
  • The goal of this study is to understand better the relationship between hospital bed occupancy rate and cost rigidity as a proxy for the degree of hospital bed congestion, as well as the relationship between the risk of changes in hospital bed occupancy rate and congestion cost, targeting public hospitals. As public hospitals for analysis, we selected hospital projects from the Public Enterprises Survey Reports published by the Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Finance, and obtained unbalanced panel data consisting of 1,505 hospitals and 15 years, totaling 12,595 hospitals and years. The analysis revealed that the risk of changes in the bed occupancy rate increases the degree of cost rigidity and leads to a decrease in the variable cost ratio; furthermore, an increase in the bed occupancy rate decreases the degree of cost rigidity and leads to an increase in the variable cost ratio. These findings suggest that although public hospitals are taking managerial actions to avoid congestion costs, congestion costs resulting from higher bed occupancy rates have not been eliminated. The regression analysis results show that even if congestion costs arise as the occupancy rate increases, they are covered by the increase in revenue associated with the increase in the occupancy rate.