• Korean Security Journal
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• no.56
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• pp.31-54
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• 2018

The objective of this study is to provide psychological welfare promotion method of police officers who experience trauma and PTSD due to police activity in local community while handling various accidents and protecting civil life and safety at the forefront of the national disaster accident site. For this objective, following countermeasure was presented through trauma/PTSD-related literature and in-depth interview with police officers who experienced trauma and PTSD. First, psychological examination is required to be performed positively and realistically for the police officers. As police officers have high emotional labor stress not only by physical burden but also by civil service, a regular psychological examination shall be established systematically together with physical rest. Second, proper action for the regular psychological examination result of the police officers is required. Third, a psychological support system for the police officers is required to be established and for this objective, expansion of police-operated mindful accompanying center and its devoted operation are required to be performed. Fourth, an opportunity of getting rid of stress of police officers shall be provided and for this objective, required budget for activating club activity is required to be allocated and activity condition should be created.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2016

Objectives : Somatic symptoms after the exposure of psychological trauma frequently developed. However, the somatic symptoms are not covered under the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in detail, although they are often associated with social and occupational functioning and patient-doctor relationships. The aim of this article is to highlight the potential mechanisms, the common manifestations, and the treatment of the somatic symptoms. Methods : This article studied the somatic symptoms searched using academic search engines like PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, KoreaMed and KISS from the earliest available date of indexing to March 31, 2016. Results : The mechanism of somatic symptoms after the exposure was described as psychological and physiological aspects. Psychological mechanism consisted of psychodynamic theory, cognitive behavioral theory, and others. Physiological mechanism involved changes in neuroendocrine and immune system, autonomic nervous system and central nervous system. Somatization associated with psychological trauma manifested various health conditions on head and neck, chest, abdominal, musculoskeletal, and dermatological and immune system. Few studies described the standardization of treatment for the somatic symptoms. Conclusions : Clinicians and disaster behavioral health providers should think of the accompanying somatic symptoms during intervention of psychological trauma and PTSD. Further studies are needed on the somatic symptoms seen in psychological trauma and PTSD.

• Journal of Korean Medical Science
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• v.33 no.45
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• pp.284.1-284.12
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• 2018

Background: Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) in patients with psychological trauma lead to poor health-related quality of life. Understanding of the relationships among PTSS, anxiety, depression, and illness intrusiveness will guide the development of efficient approaches to enhance subjective well-being in patients with psychological trauma. This study investigated whether anxiety and depression mediate the relationship between PTSS and illness intrusiveness in the hope of providing more comprehensive and effective trauma treatment. Methods: Psychiatric outpatients who visited the trauma clinic of a university hospital (n = 260) participated in this study. Assessments were conducted for PTSS, anxiety, depression, and illness intrusiveness. Structural equation modeling and path analysis were performed to analyze the mediating effects of anxiety and depression on the relationship between PTSS and illness intrusiveness. Results: PTSS had both direct and indirect exacerbating effects on illness intrusiveness. Anxiety exhibited the largest direct exacerbating effect on illness intrusiveness. The indirect effects of PTSS on illness intrusiveness through anxiety alone and through a depression-to-anxiety pathway were significant, but the indirect effect through depression alone was not. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that anxiety, both independently and as part of an interrelated pathway with depression, partially mediates the relationship between PTSS and illness intrusiveness. Appropriate interventions and a comprehensive approach to alleviate anxiety and depression could mitigate the negative effects of PTSS on illness intrusiveness in patients with psychological trauma.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.65-72
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate into the effects of physical therapy intervention with local vibration on pain, ROM (range of motion) and psychological status in multiple trauma patients caused by traffic accident. Methods: A patient with multiple trauma were recruited. Before treatment, he was evaluated using numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), Korean-version impact of event scale-revised (IES-R-K), Beck Depression inventory (BDI), passive and active range of motion, and were reevaluated after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. Results: As a result of comparing the participant before and after the experiment, the score of the IES-R-K and BDI decreased. And the passive and active ROM increased. Conclusion: According to the results above, physical intervention with local vibration by Blackroll Releazer can help improve pain, physical function and psychological status. Also, physical intervention with Blackroll's Releazer technique was able to select interventions depending on the patient's conditional and the desired goal.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.43-67
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• 2022

One of the dark sides of the development of information and communication technology is the significant increase in cybercrime. In particular, investigators in charge of cyber sexual crime are repeatedly exposed to video data of illegal sexual violence; hence, they are at high risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing vicarious trauma. Notwithstanding, few studies have focused on these investigators' PTSD, and, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted on the vicarious trauma of cyber sexual crime investigators. Therefore, this study identifies investigators' mental health status (trauma-related, especially) and examines their perception of the currently operating psychological support programs. Further, by reviewing the psychological support system of overseas institutions, we would suggest psychological support and policies necessary for domestic cyber sexual crime units to manage investigators' work stress and prevent mental illness under domestic circumstances.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2015

Objectives Social workers can suffer from occupational stress resulting from dealing with clients, which might lead to metal health problems. We aimed to investigate the association of duty-related traumatic experiences and stress coping strategies with post-traumatic stress symptoms among social workers in public sector. Methods A total of 110 social workers in public sector (men 30.9%, $36.5{\pm}7.6$ yrs) participated in this study. All subjects were evaluated the frequency and the impact of duty-related traumatic events. Additionally, they completed questionnaires including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised for post-traumatic stress symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory-II for depressive symptoms, the Scale for Suicidal Ideation for suicide symptoms and the Ways of Coping Checklist for stress coping strategies. Results The most frequent traumatic events were "Violent or abusive language from a client" (95.0%) and "Client made a fuss" (94.5%). The most distressing traumatic event was "Seeing a dead body on duty" (7.6 out of 10), which predicted post-traumatic stress symptoms (odds ratio 4.04 ; 95% confidence interval, 1.79-9.11). Among 4 types of stress coping strategies, the emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with post-traumatic stress symptoms after controlling age and sex (${\beta}$ = 0.50, p < 0.001). Conclusions Social workers in public sector showed high level of post-traumatic stress symptoms. Duty-related traumatic events and the emotional-focused coping strategies were associated with the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms. The modification of stress coping strategies would alleviate post-traumatic stress symptoms in social workers in public sector.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.119-129
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• 2023

In many cases, trauma is overcome in a short periodtime, but for some, trauma results in long-term mental health issues such as in the form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Natural disasters cause different types and extent of damage, meaning the degree of stress experienced also varies. In the case of damage to a house, the impact can be considerable. Therefore, this study examined the trauma experienced by households whose homes were damaged by natural disasters and to confirm the characteristics of psychological trauma. It was confirmed that traumas was greater when a house was damaged, compared with damage to other types of items. In addition, even in the case of trauma occurring, factors that affect the pattern of change to someone's mental state vary depending on the state's classification. And In addition, health services is significantly analyzed in all variables, and it was considered that the provision of basic services related to safety after a disaster is paramount. However, while psychological counseling has a positive effect on short-term traumas that manifests as anxiety and depression, it has an adverse effect on PTSD because of the depth and complexity of the suffering in PTSD, meaning the type of psychological support needs changing.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2009

Objectives : This pilot study examined the physical and psychological sequela of Korean War victims. Methods : Of 255 elderly who completed the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), we selected 16 subjects who suffered severe traumatic experiences during the Korean War and met more than 2 specified symptoms of PTSD in DSM-IV-TR and 16 controls. Demographic characteristics, medical history including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and brain infarction, Geriatric Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, suicide scale in MINI, and a scale for the assessment of somatic symptoms were compared between subjects with trauma experience and controls. Results : Subjects with trauma experience were more likely to have brain infarction and diabetes mellitus compared to control group. Depressive symptoms and suicidal risk were significantly higher in subjects with trauma experience than controls. Subjects with trauma experience showed significantly higher scores in Trait Anxiety scale and more complained of pain than controls. Conclusion : This study suggests that traumatic experience probably induce physical and psychological problem even 60 years later. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of this pilot study.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2023

Objective : We assessed the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention in improving positive psychological resources in older people who were affected by the Jeju 4·3 incident. Methods : This study included 25 older people recruited from the Jeju 4·3 Trauma Center. The intervention was conducted on a once-a-week basis for six weeks. All participants completed self-report questionnaires, including the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Short Form (FFMQ) and Positive Resources Test (POREST). Results : This intervention significantly improved the total score and the nonreactivity, observing, acting with awareness, describing, and nonjudging of inner experience FFMQ scores. The interventions also significantly improved the POREST subscale scores. Conclusion : The mindfulness-based intervention significantly improved positive psychological resources in older people exposed to the Jeju 4·3 incident.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.122-131
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aims to investigate major traumatic events experienced by nurses in regional trauma centers and explore the relationship among their traumatic events experience, perceived stress, and stress coping. Methods: Data were collected from 208 nurses in the trauma emergency room (trauma-bay) and trauma intensive care unit at four regional trauma centers. Results: The mean score of the traumatic events experience was 44.3 out of 76 points. The scores for physical injuries caused by traffic accidents or falls as well as patient care with abnormal behaviors were high. Significantly positive correlations among traumatic events experience, perceived stress, and stress coping were identified. Conclusion: Nurses working in the regional trauma centers experienced many various traumatic events, leading to high levels of stress. This study suggests that it is necessary to establish a regular surveillance system for nurses' traumatic events experience and perceived stress.