• Title/Summary/Keyword: Pullorum disease

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Epidemiology of pullorum disease and characteristics of Salmonella pullorum isolates in Korea (국내 추백리 발생역학 및 감염계로부터 분리한 Salmonella pullorum의 특성)

  • Park, Kyoung-yoon;Yoo, Han-sang;Kim, Sun-joong;Park, Yong-ho
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.803-810
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    • 1998
  • Pullorum disease caused by Salmonella pullorum, has been considered as one of the most important diseases in both clinically and economically in poultry industry since it had been firstly reported in 1925 in Korea. This disease is still problem in the industry in this country even though several attempts have been made to eradicate the disease. As one of the trials to solve the problem, we investigated the pattern of the outbreak of the disease, isolated the causative agent, S pullorum and tested biochemical properties, antimicrobial susceptibility and plasmid profiles of the isolates. Outbreak of the disease based on the species was the highest in layer followed by in Korean native chick, and broiler. Daily mean mortality in vertical transmission (0.90%) was higher than that in horizontal (0.14%). There was no seasonal difference in the outbreak. Also, biochemical properties and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolates were same. However four different plasmid profiles of the isolates were observed. These results suggested that S pullorum isolates were different in the genotype while they were same in phenotypes.

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Genetic Diversity of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica bioserovar Pullorum using the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis를 이용한 Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica bioserovar Pullorum의 분자유전학적 다양성에 관한 연구)

  • Woo, Yong-Ku;Lee, Su-Hwa;Yi, Chul-Hyun;Lee, O-Soo;Kim, Bong-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2003
  • Pullorum disease due to Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica bioserovar Pullorum (S. pullorum) is reported to be an endemic disease in domestic poultry flocks. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) subtyping method was used to assess the extent of genetic diversity and clonality of most of salmonella serotypes and other diverse bacterial species from animals and environmental samples in worldwide. Nowadays, PFGE has already been evaluated as a gold standards for molecular subtyping of salmonella serotypes compared with other molecular analysis methods. PFGE of XbaI digested chromosomal DNA from 23 strains of S. pullorum gave 5 distinctive pulsotypes (from SXPI to SXPV) with 5% confidence range of Dice coefficients, indicating that PFGE is very discriminative and that multiple clones of S. pullorum have been existed and diffused all of domestic poultry flocks industries since 1995. Two dominant pulsogroups (SXA & SXB) appeared as a major clones in this country, because they had consistently been recovered from diverse sources including both chicken organs and raw feed materials between 1995 and 1998. In addition, the matching percentage of PFGE profiles (PFP) among strains from both chickens and feed ingredients provides indirect evidence of the possible transmission of pullorum disease from contaminated raw feed ingredients for chicken production. In calculating of discrimination index (DI) for PFGE method by Simpson's index, DI was appeared as 0.917. Therefore, this index suggested that the present PFGE would seem to be a desirable and confident molecular typing method for S. pullorum strains. To our knowledge for pullorum disease, this is the first study to compare S. pullorum strains from chicken organs and feed samples using the PFGE.

Studies on Diagnosis for Pullorum Disease Comparative Experiments for the Diagnosis of Pullorum Disease by Tube Agglutination and Agar-gel Precipitin Tests with Chicken Sera (닭의 추백리병에 관한 연구 I. 추백리 진단에 있어서 혈청응집과 Agar-gel 침강반응과의 비교 시험)

  • Choi, J.Y.;Lee, S.Y.;Lee, C.K.
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 1970
  • In these studies the efficracy of plate, tube agglutination and agar-gel precipitin test were compared for the detection of pullorum infected chickens. From all the chickens showing positive reaction in agar-gel precipitin test, Salmonella pullorum organisms were isolated.

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Studies on serological tests for pullorum disease (추백리의 혈청학적 진단법에 관한 연구)

  • 김정태;심항섭;김태종;고태오;우종태;유기승;박유순
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.313-323
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    • 1998
  • In order to establish a sensitive and specific diagnostic method for detection of antibody to Salmonella pullorum, a enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was designed and standardized. The diagnostic efficacy of the established ELISA was compared with that of the serum plate agglutination test and immunodiffusion test for pullorum disease. 1. The chicken hyperimmune sera to Salmonella pullorum, S gallinarum, S typhimurium and S typhi were shown the cross reaction to S pullorum antigen by serum plate agglutination test. 2. When compared the cross reaction titer of microplate agglutination test for chickens hyperimmune sera, it was found that the titer were 64 in S pullorum, 32 in S gallinarum, 4 in S typhimurium and 8 in S typhi, respectively. 3. When compared the specificity of various antigen(HA, EA, PA and SA) by the immunodiffusion test, the most suitable antigen was phenol-treated bactrium. 4. The optimal concentration of S pullorum antigen for ELISA was 1 : 160 dilution of bacterium. 5. The efficacy of the ELISA for detection of S pullorum antibody was compared with serum Plate agglutination test and immunodiffusion test in chickens infected with S pullorum. The antibody was first detected at 6 days after infection using three tests examined. The antibody was alldetected at 9 days by ELISA, at 12 days by serumplate agglutination test, at 15 days by immunodiffusion test.

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Comparison of Polymorphisms of Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum Using DNA Amplified Fingerprinting (DNA Amplified Fingerprinting 기법을 이용한 Salmonella pullorum과 Salmonella gallinarum의 다형성 비교 분석)

  • Kim, Yeon-Soo;Kim, Sang-Kyun;Song, Won-Chul;Hwang, Eui-Kyung
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.41 no.3
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    • pp.357-365
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    • 2001
  • This study was performed to detect the Salmonella genus-specific DNA marker for comparing of polymophisms between S pullorum and S gallinarum by using PCR amplified techniques. A total of ten primers were used to detect DNA polymorphisms from S pullorum and S gallinarum. The number of DAF bands detected per each primer varied from 26 to 45, with an average of 32.7 using 10 primers. A total of 327 DAF bands were generated and among them 123 bands were polymorphic(37.6%). These DNA amplified fingerprinting(DAF) specific bands for S pullorum and S gallinarum were observed from all primers. For S pullorum, GEN 60-04, GEN 70-04 and GEN 70-03 primers showed a high level of polymorphism with 0.79, 0.70 and 0.57, respectively. But GEN 60-05 primer did not show a level of polymorphism. For S gallinarum, GEN 70-03, 60-04, 60-07, 70-05 and 70-04 primers showed a higher a low level of polymorphism from 0.16 to 0.28. Each five strains of S pullorum and S gallinarum were isolated from chickens showed typical clinical signs related with infection of pullorum disease or fowl typhoid at commercial chicken farms. DNA markers of these strains produced by GEN 70-04, GEN 70-05 and GEN 70-08 showed significant difference of band patterns between S pullorum and S gallinarum. These DNA markers could be used for comparison of DNA marker polymorphism between S pullorum and S gallinarum as well as rapid diagnosis of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease of domestic fowls.

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A Study on the Salmonella Pullorum (Salmonella pullorum에 관한 연구)

  • 정희곤
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.9 no.1
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    • pp.95-99
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    • 1983
  • A study on the salmonella pullorum was carried out on 15, 000 hens of breeding chicken, when examined using pullorum antigens, and 165eggs from the isolated breeding to 35among 171carriers used in o serums in Chonnam area during the period from November 22 to December 20, 1982 The results are summarized as follows 1. Distribution on the carriers of pullorum disease was investigated 171 carriers (1.1%) among 15, 000 hens examined. 2. A majority (33.3%) of group D(transovarian transmission) was observed by classification of salmonella groups in the order of group OB (18.8%), group E(18.2%), group $C_1, C_2$ (each 15.2%~), and group OA (12.7%)

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Identification of Salmonella pullorum Genomic Sequences Using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization

  • Li, Qiuchun;Xu, Yaohui;Jiao, Xinan
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.19 no.9
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    • pp.898-903
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    • 2009
  • Pullorum disease affecting poultry is caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum and results in severe economic loss every year, especially in countries with a developing poultry industry. The pathogenesis of S. Pullorum is not yet well defined, as the specific virulence factors still need to be identified. Thus, to isolate specific DNA fragments belonging to S. Pullorum, this study used suppression subtractive hybridization. As such, the genome of the S. Pullorum C79-13 strain was subtracted from the genome of Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum 9 and Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis CMCC(B) 50041, respectively, resulting in the identification of 20 subtracted fragments. A sequence homology analysis then revealed three types of fragment: phage sequences, plasmid sequences, and sequences with an unknown function. As a result, several important virulence-related genes encoding the IpaJ protein, colicin Y, tailspike protein, excisionase, and Rhs protein were identified that may play a role in the pathogenesis of S. Pullorum.

Studies on Pullorum Disease II. The Effect of Cortisone Acetate, Estrogenic Hormone and Tocopherol on the Diagnosis of Reactors of Pullorum Disease (닭의 추백리병에 관한 연구 II. 추백리병 진단에 있어서 Hormone 효과에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, J.Y.;Lee, S.Y.;Lee, C.K.
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.7-12
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    • 1970
  • This study was conducted to abserve the effects of cortisone acetate, estrogenic hormone and tocopherol on the antibody tresponse to both pullorum suspects and negatives of The increase of antibody titer was shown in a few birds after the treatment of either cortisone acetate or estrogenic hormone. There wuas no change in antibody titer of chickens treated with tocopherol.

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The variation of serological titers on the chickens infected pullorum disease from Kyongbuk provinces (경북지방유래 추백리 양성계에서의 균분리 및 혈청역가 추이)

  • 김영환;김경희;우용구;장영술;조민희;김수웅
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 1997
  • The present study was conducted to investigate the general epidemiological situations with 18-pullorum infected chickens from Kyongbuk provinces during the period from June 1995 to January 1996. On the Salmonella pullorum isolation tests by rectal swab culture method from infected chickens (386-samples), any Salmonella spp was not isolated from infected live-birds. But 2-S pullorum were isolated of 2-dead chickens(33.3% ) from 6-dead chickens which were positively reacted by serological tests. On the other hand, we could not isolated any Salmonella spp. in any parts of egg-contents ; egg-shell, egg-white and egg-yolks with 25-infected bird eggs. On the tests of antibiogram, 2-S pullorum strains were highly sensitive to GM, AM, SXT, CZ, K, FIM, ENR, C, AN, N, NN, LIN+SP, CF, TE and PB, respectively and intermediate sensitive to the CB, CFP, CL, S, P and XNL. But 2-strains were resistant to CC, DP, E, L, OX, TLA and TyLO. In the serological tests, pullorum antibody titers of 18-infected birds was from 2.76 to 9.18 with average by the microplate test. During the 6-months, pullorum antibody average titers were not changed generally. To validate the effects of the antimicrobial agent treatments to the serological antibody titers, infected 6-chickens was medicated with 0.5%-futazolidone. The titer of premeditated birds was average 4.26 but after medication with furazolidone, the titers of treated 6-birds was average 4.08.

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Identification of Upregulated APOA1 Protein of Chicken Liver in Pullorum Disease (추백리가 감염된 닭의 간에서 발현이 증가하는 APOA1 단백질의 확인)

  • Jung K. C.;Lee Y. J.;Yu S. L.;Lee J. H.;Jang B. K.;Koo Y. B.;So H. K.;Choi K. D.
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.23-27
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    • 2005
  • The aim of this study was to investigate differentially expressed proteins between normal chicken liver and chicken liver inffeted by Salmonella pullorum. 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used to identify the proteins. More than 300 protein spots were detected on silver stained 2DE gels using pH 3$\~$10 gradients. The most outstanding protein spot was further analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS and protein database using the Mascot search engine. The protein was finally identified as APOAI (Apolipoprotein AI). Based on the known function of the APOAI, this gene acts protective action against the accumulation of platelet thrombin at the site of vascular damage for the pullorum disease. Therefore APOAI protein, identified in this study, can be a valuable biomarker in relation to the pullorum disease in chicken.