• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

Pollen grains of seven taxa on the family Pyrolaceae, known to be distributed in Korea (Pyrola dahurica(Andreses) Kom., P. incarnata (DC.) Fisch. ex Kom., P. japonica Klenze ex Alefeld, P. minor L., P. renifolia Max., Orthilia secunda (L.) House, Chimaphila japonica Miq.), were examined by the light and the scanning electron microscope in order to evaluate their taxonomic significances. The pollen units of genus Pyrola, Orthilia, Chimaphila were tetrad, monad, polyad respectively. This characteristics was good character for delimiting the genus, and Orthilia secunda (L.) House was more proper scientific name than Pyrola secunda L. based upon this character. Pollen size, tricolporate length, surface sculpturing pattern were different slightly among the treated taxa, and surface sculpturing patterns of Pyrola dahurica, P. incarnate, P. renifolia, Chimaphiza japonica were different from previous reports. Evolutionary trends of pollen grains in Pyrolaceae were inferred from the pollen units and aperture shapes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2005.09a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.45-49
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• 2007

Chinese crude drug "Lu-ti-cao"(鹿蹄草) has been used as a remedy for beriberi, cut bleeding, snake bite, etc. In Korea, the drug is called "Nok Je Cho" and has been used as a folk medicine of the same effect as that of Chinese equivalent. The original plant of this drug has not yet been as certained. To clarify the botanical origin of "Nok Je Cho", the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the leaves of Pyrola species growing in Korea, i.e. P. incarnata, P. japonica, P. minor, P. renifolia, P. secunda were studied. As a result, it was clarified that "Nok Je Cho" was the leaf of Pyrola japonica and Pyrola minor.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.256.2-256.1
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• 2003

Six known phenolic glycosides. hyperin(2), androsin(3), homoarbutin(4), isohomoarbutin(4a), pirolatin(7) and monotropein(6), together with two new compounds, (1)[mp. 215 - 217$^{\circ}C$, C$\sub$23/H$\sub$32/O$\sub$11/] and (5)[mp. 121 -123$^{\circ}C$, C$\sub$18/H$\sub$26/O$\sub$8/] were isolated from the BuOH fraction of Pyrola japonica(Pyrolaceae). The structures of the known compounds were determined by chemical and spectroscopic methods. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.202.3-202.3
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• 2003

Two Known compounds, syringaresinol monoglucoside(8), chimaphilin(14), together with three new compounds, (9)[mp. $106{\sim} 111^{\circ}C$, C_{29}H_{44}O_{13}$], (10)[mp. $180{\sim}182^{\circ}C$, $C_{15}H_{20}O_{9}$] and (11)[mp. $100{\sim}105^{\circ}C$, $C_{18}H_{28}O_{8}$] were isolated from the BuOH fractionof Pyrola japonics(Pyrolaceae). The structures of the known compounds were determined by chemical and spectorscopic methods. The assignments of the $^{1}H-$ and $^{13}C-NMP$ spectra of these compounds were carried out by two-dimensional $^1H-^1H-COSY$, NOESY and $^1H-^{13}C$ multiple-bond, multiplequantum spectroscopic correlation techniques. The characterization of the three new compounds is now in progress.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

Prolyl endopeptidase (PEP) is proline-specific serine protease, cleaving peptide bonds on the biologically active neuropeptides such as substance P, vassopressin, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone and is, therefore, suggested to play important roles in learning and memory process. In this work, the inhibitory effect of plant extracts on PEP was investigated. Out of 200 plant extracts, Prunus mume, Pyrola. japonica, Hypericum ascyron, Astilbe chinensis var. typica, and Elaeagnus umbellata inhibited more than 90% of PEP activity at the concentration of 5 ppm.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2006

Starch gel electrophoresis was used to estimate genetic diversity and population structure of Pyrola fauriena H. Andr. in Korea. The percentage of polymorphic loci within enzymes was $57.1\%$. The values of genetic diversity at the species level and at the population were higher than average values for herbaceous with similar life history traits (Hes : 0.149; Hep = 0.134, respectively), whereas the extent of the population divergence was relatively low $(G_{ST}=0.082)$. $F_{IS}$, a measure of the deviation from random mating within the 12 populations, was 0.298. An indirect estimate of the number of migrants per, generation (Nm = 2.81) indicates that gene flow is moderate among Korean populations of the species. Analysis of fixation indices revealed a substantial heterozygosity deficiency in some populations and at some loci. This indicates that some populations sampled may have been substructured largely due to rhizotamous spread and decrease of population sizes.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.447-469
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• 2011

The flora of Bongamsa (Temple) area, Mungyeong were listed 552 taxa; 99 families, 303 genera, 468 species, 1 subspecies, 70 varieties and 13 forms. Based on the rare plants (IUCN), total 12 taxa; Crypsinus hastatus (Polypodiaceae), Eranthis stellata (Ranunculaceae), Cnidium tachiroei (Umbelliferae), Monotropa hypopithys (Pyrolaceae), Rhododendron micranthum (Ericaceae), Salvia chanroenica (Labiatae), Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae), etc. Based on the endemic plants, total 11 taxa; Asarum chungbuensis, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Corydalis maculata, Lonicera subsessilis, Aster koraiensis, Saussurea seoulensis, etc. Based on the specific plants by floral region were total 48 taxa (8.7% of all 552 taxa of vascular plants); 2 taxa in class V, 5 taxa (Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Wistaria floribunda, Elsholtzia angustifolia, etc.) in class IV, 10 taxa (Betula davurica, Spiraea chinensis, Acer barbinerve, Vaccinium koreanum, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, etc.) in class III, 7 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola orientalis, Ostericum melanotilingia, Melica nutans, Veratrum parulum, etc.) in class II, 24 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus, Cephalotaxus koreana, Betula schmidtii, Ilex macropoda, Tilia amurensis, Triadenum japonica, Lobelia sessilifolia, etc.) in class I. Based on the naturalized plants, total 21 taxa (Silene armeria, Oenothera lamarckiana, Symphytum officinale, Erechtites hieracifolia, etc.) and naturalization rate was 3.8% of all 552 taxa of vascular plants. The flora of importance in the Bongamsa, rare plants were Crypsinus hastatus, Eranthis stellata, Gastrodia elata, Monotropa uniflora, Monotropa hypopithys, Rhododendron micranthum and Cnidium tachiroei, Iris ensata var. spontanea in intermediate marsh and alien species classify into planted species of Bongamsa, area for investigation of afforestation and artificial forests, introduced of naturalized plants.