• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.420-425
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• 2011

Objective : Excitatory amino acids play important roles in the development of secondary pathology following spinal cord injury (SCI). This study was designed to evaluate morphological changes in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and assess profiles of pain behaviors following intraspinal injection of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or quisqualate (QUIS) in rats. Methods : Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups : a sham, and two experimental groups receiving injections of 125 mM NMDA or QUIS into their spinal dorsal horn. Following injection, hypersensitivity to cold and mechanical stimuli, and excessive grooming behaviors were assessed serially for four weeks. At the end of survival periods, morphological changes in the spinal cord were evaluated. Results : Cold allodynia was developed in both the NMDA and QUIS groups, which was significantly higher in the QUIS group than in the NMDA group. The mechanical threshold for the ipsilateral hind paw in both QUIS and NMDA groups was significantly lower than that in the control group. The number of groomers was significantly higher in the NMDA group than in the QUIS group. The size of the neck region of the spinal dorsal horn, but not the superficial layer, was significantly smaller in the NMDA and QUIS groups than in the control group. Conclusion : Intraspinal injection of NMDA or QUIS can be used as an excitotoxic model of SCI for further research on spinal neuropathic pain.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

The purpose of study is to investigate the current user interface level of air traffic control system with the usability analysis and satisfaction survey questionnaire on user satisfaction. Think aloud protocol is used to identify not only task analysis, but also the level of user-friendliness of the FIMS and ASDE system, and the user interface questionnaires was conducted by QUIS. We collected data from 6 controllers for Think aloud protocol and 15 controllers for QUIS in Incheon airport. The results showed that the system was the valuable tool for ensuring human performance with the support of memory and the facilitation of decision-making tasks. It helps air traffic controllers perform better and minimize errors in a congested time. The human-computer interface system design, however, was not applied, which led to the increase of workload. Air traffic controller participation in software development provided excellent examples for applications in terms of software in FIMS. Based on these results, the study provided that the usability of system interface was necessary to take into account human factors. The development and design of system was discussed in User Interface environment.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 1998

인터액티브 시스템은 여러 번에 걸친 평가 와 수정을 거쳐서 사용자들에게 보다 편리한 방향으로 설계된다. 인터액티브 시스템의 인터페이스 설계자들은 사용자들의 만족도와 소프트웨어의 기능성을 평가하기 위해 표본집단을 구성하고 그들로 하여금 시스템을 사용해 보게 한 후에 QUIS(Questionnaire for User Interaction Satisfaction)와 같은 평가 양식에 따라 사용성을 테스트 해왔다. 그러나, 이러한 방식으로는 사용자가 시스템에 대해서 사용하기 전에 형성하고 있는 저신모형에 관한 평가가 이루어지지 않았다. 정신 모형은 사용자들의 배경과 경험을 통하여 얻어진 시스템에 대한 기대를 말한다. 만약 인터액티브 시스템의 인터페이스가 사용자의 정신모형과 일치하도록 만들어진다면, 사용자들은 그들의 휴리스틱(Heuristic)을 이용하여 배우는 기간을 단축할 수 있고, 보다 효율적으로 소프트웨어를 사용할 수 있다. 인터페이스의 설계가 정신 모형에 기반을 두고 이루어지면, 사용자들이 시스템에 대해 갖는 기대를 파악하면 인터페이스를 수정 보완 함으로서 소프트웨어의 사용성을 향상시킬 수 있고, 사용자들에게 보다 친숙한 인터페이스를 제공할 수 있다.