• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.19-26
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• 2008

Background: This study examines the changes in muscular strength and muscle fatigue substances when taping treatment is applied in squat exercise and treadmill exercise, in which quadriceps femoris muscles are used frequently so as to clarify the effects of taping as an aid of exercise ability improvement. Methods: 20 healthy male adults in their 20's participated in the study, in which tapes were put on their quadriceps femoris muscles, and various variables as the indicator of muscular strength and muscle fatigue substances were measured by means of the measuring tool before and after exercises. Results: the following conclusion was drawn up: 1. In exercise using muscular strength of the right knee extension, the reduction of muscular strength after exercise of the taping group showed significant statistical difference from that of the non-taping group. 2. In exercise using muscular strength of the lower limbs, the reduction of blood Glaucos after exercise of the taping group showed significant statistical difference from that of the non-taping group. 3. In exercise using muscular strength of the lower limbs, the value of lactic acid after exercise of the taping group showed significant statistical difference from that of the non-taping group. Conclusion: Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that the application of taping treatment in sports activity or daily life where quadriceps femoris muscles are used a lot can have positive effects on the improvement of muscular strength and relief of muscle fatigue.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of both neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) and isometrical exercise(IE) to strengthen the quadriceps femoris muscle. The relationships between the strength changes and the relative force and duration of training contractions were also studied. Methods : The subjects were divided into three group. The control group(n=6) received no exercise and/or stimulation. The isometric exercise (IE) group(n=6) performed maximum isometric contractions, and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES)(n=6) engaged electrically stimulated isometric contractions, three days a week for four weeks. Results : Results showed that both IE group and NMES group were found to have an increase in strength significantly greater(p<0.05) than the control group at 4 week. But between IE group and NMES group were not found to have an difference in strength significantly. Conclusion : The relative increase in isometric strength, using IE and NMES, may be determined by the ability of the subjects to tolerate longer and more forceful contractions. Suggestions for further research and implications for the clinical of IE and NMES for strength-training are discussed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to recognize the importance of balance in order to minimize daily living restrictions and to prevent falls due to aging, and develop an eight-week theraband exercise program to benefit the elderly. Method: A total of 20 elderly participants were divided into two groups. Group A used warm-up and finishing exercises for eight weeks including stretching and rhythm exercises conducted in a theraband exercise. Group B performed no exercises. Both A and B groups at weeks 1, weeks 4, weeks 8 were measured for deltoid and quadriceps femoris strength, balance and proprioception. Result: There was a significant difference in deltoid and quadriceps femoris muscle strength, balance and proprioception between Group A and Group B(p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that theraband exercises are thought to be able to contribute to the promotion of deltoid and quadriceps femoris muscle strength, balance and proprioception. It also contributes to minimize activity of daily living restrictions and prevent fall down in elderly. However in this study, generalization has been limited because of exercise duration, limited number of experiments and intensity modulated of theraband.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.329-337
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional changes of the vastus medialis while the neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) was performed in elderly women with knee osteoarthritis. The subjects of this study were 30 women who were diagnosed degenerative arthritis, 15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group. The experimental group performed conventional physical therapy and neuromuscular electrical stimulation, and the control group received only conventional physical therapy, five times per week for four weeks. Outcome measures were assessed before and after 4weeks using the VAS(pain), quadriceps femoris strength, thigh circumference, and Q-angle. The data of the quadriceps femoris strength and thigh circumference were significantly increased in experimental group(p<0.05). The data the pain was significantly decreased in both the two groups(p<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in quadriceps femoris strength and thigh circumference between the two groups(p<0.05). As the result, the application of neuromuscular electrical stimulation of the vastus medialis could be more effective for decrease pain and improving muscle function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.140-146
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• 2022

Background: The superimposed technique (ST) involves the application of electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) during voluntary muscle action. The physiological effects attributed to each stimulus may be accumulated by the ST. Although various EMS devices for the quadriceps muscle are being marketed to the general public, there is still a lack of research on whether ST training can provide significant advantages for improving quadriceps muscle strength or thickness compared with EMS alone. Objective: To compare the effects of eight weeks of ST and EMS on the thicknesses of the rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscles and knee extension strength. Methods: Thirty healthy subjects were recruited and randomly assigned to either the ST or EMS groups. The participants underwent ST or EMS training for eight weeks. In all participants, the thicknesses of the RF and VI muscles were measured before and after the 8-week intervention by ultrasonography, and quadriceps muscle strength was measured using the Smart KEMA tension sensor (KOREATECH Co., Ltd.). Results: There were significant differences in the pre- and post-intervention thicknesses of the RF and VI muscles as well as the quadriceps muscle strength in both groups (p < 0.05). RF thickness was significantly greater in the ST group (F = 4.294, p = 0.048), but there was no significant difference in VI thickness (F = 0.234, p = 0.632) or knee extension strength (F = 0.775, p = 0.386). Conclusion: EMS can be used to improve quadriceps muscle strength and RF and VI muscle thickness, and ST can be used to improve RF thickness in the context of athletic training and fitness.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

This study was designed to identify the effects of foot position on electromyographic (EMG) activity of the quadriceps femoris during maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) in standing. Twenty young adults who had not experienced any knee injuries were recruited. Their Q-angles were within a normal range. They were asked to stand in five different foot positions ($40^{\circ}$ externally rotated, $30^{\circ}$ internally rotated, neutral, $20^{\circ}$ plantarflexed, and $10^{\circ}$ dorsiflexed foot position). The EMG activities of the vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), and vastus medialis oblique (VMO) were recorded in standing by surface electrodes and normalized by MVC EMG values derived from manual muscle test. The normalized EMG activity levels (%MVC EMG) of muscles in the five foot positions were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. The EMG activity levels of the VL, RF, and VMO were the highest when foot was externally rotated. The EMG activity levels of the VL and RF were significantly different among the foot positions (p<.05). However, EMG activity levels of the VL, RF, VMO, and VMO/VL ratio did not show significant differences in each foot position (p> .05). The results suggest that the quadriceps femoris may be effectively activated by performing MVC at an externally rotated foot position. Therefore, the externally rotated foot position can be considered as an effective foot position for quadriceps femoris strengthening exercise. Further studies are needed to identify whether there are differences in the effects of foot position on muscle strength after MVC exercise of quadriceps femoris in standing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of local vibration on quadriceps femoris on vertical jump Method : The subjects(40) were divided into man control group(10) woman control group(10) and man vibration group(10), woman vibration group(10). Vibration group was given vibration on quadriceps femoris for 15 minutes and control group was given resting for 15 minutes. All subjects of each group were tested on vertical jump then pre and post test. Results : 1. Man control group and woman control group vertical jump didn't have statistically difference pre and post test(p>0.05). 2. In the woman vibration group vertical jump didn't have significant difference pre and post test(p>0.05), but had significant difference in the man vibration group(p<0.05) Conclusion : Vibration on quadriceps femoris have an effect on vertical jump. Therefore, the vibration will be effective in treatment of muscle strength.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an exercise with and without neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) of the quadriceps femoris muscle, on strength, pain, and weight distribution in patients with knee instability post surgery. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Methods: Twenty patients in the early stage of rehabilitation after knee surgery were recruited as subjects and were randomly divided into either experimental group (exercise combined with NMES) (n=10) or control group (n=10). Both groups received strength training of the lower limb for 20 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The experimental group used NMES for unilateral quadriceps femoris training with incremental increases in the intensity of isometric contraction over 4 weeks. Outcome measurements were assessed using the digital manual muscle testing, 30-chair stand test (30CST), numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and weight distribution using the foot analyzer before and after 4 weeks of training. Results: After the 4-week intervention, knee extensor strength increased significantly in the experimental group post intervention (p<0.05), and there was a significant improvement in the experimental group compared with the control group (p<0.05). The 30CST and NPRS scores improved significantly in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05), and there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.05). Weight distribution was significantly improved in the experimental group compared with the control group, (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in improvement between the two groups. Conclusions: This study showed that NMES combined with strengthening exercises of the lower limbs is effective in improving lower limb pain and strength in patients with instability after knee surgery.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.365-370
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• 2014

The present study was aimed to comprehend the effect of the Russian current stimulation on the muscular performance and activity of quadriceps femoris muscle of the convalescent patient after the leg fracture.This study conducted test based on 20 patients after leg fracture. Russian current was applied for six weeks as three times in a week, between January 9, 2013 and 15 March 16, 2013. The electromyogram was used to measure the muscle activity of the quadriceps femoris, and the isokinetic equipment was used to measure the muscular performance. The muscular performance difference by duration depending on the application of the Russian current showed the significant increase in all muscular performances. The activity of all muscles of the quadriceps femoris muscle by duration showed significant increase. These results showed that the Russian current can be the effective treatment method for enhancing the muscular strength of the weakened lower limbs muscle due to the problem such as the leg fracture.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2010

To develop effective training methods for strengthening a weakened quadriceps femoris muscle in hemiplegic patients, we examined the effects of maximal isometric contraction of the nonparalyzed knee joint on the electromyographic activities of the paralytic muscle. An electromyogram (EMG) was used to record the electromyographic activities of the paralytic quadriceps femoris muscle in 27 hemiplegic patients. The maximal isometric contraction was measured for each subject to normalize the electromyographic activities. The maximal isometric extension and flexion exercises were randomly conducted when the knee joint angles of the nonparalyzed knees were $0^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $90^{\circ}$. The patients were encouraged to maintain maximal isometric contractions in both knee joints during each measurement, and three measurements were taken. A one-minute rest interval was given between each measurement to minimize the effects of muscle fatigue. An average from the three values was taken as being the root mean square of the EMG and was recorded as being the maximal isometric contraction. The electromyographic activity obtained for each measurement was expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction, which was determined using the values obtained during the maximal isometric contraction. The results of this study are summarized as follows: First, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $0^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic medial aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). Second, when the knee joint angle of the nonparalyzed knee was $90^{\circ}$, the electromyographic activities of the paralytic lateral aspect of rectus femoris were related to measurement by a maximal isometric flexion exercise than by an extension exercise (p<.05). The results show that myoelectrical activities of paralytic quardriceps were not related to measurement angles and exercise directions of the nonparalized knee joint. Studies on various indirect intervention to improve muscular strength of patients with nervous system disorders of the weakened muscle should be constantly conducted.