• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.221-227
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• 1993

Browse from Quercus aliena Blume, Quercus mongolica Fisch.. Quercus serrata Thunb., Quercus acutissima Carruth., Quercus variabilies Blume, and Quercus dentata Thunb. were analyzed for crude protein (CP). crude fiber(CF). neutral detergent fiber(NDF). acid detergent fiber(ADF). cellulose. lignin, in vitro dry matter digestibility(DMD), and tannin acid equivalents(TAE). According to the chemical composition and DMD. the total digestible nutrients(TDN). digestible energy(DE), and metabolizable energy(ME) were estimated. Oak browse samples were collected from May through October from 1990 to 1992 in Mt. Kyeryong. Browse from Quercus aliena, Quercus acutissima, and Quercus serrata contained higher levels of CP, DMD. TDN, DE. and ME. but lower levels of CF, NDF. ADF, and TAE as compared with other oak browse. Differences among seasons and years in the concentration of CP. NDF, and organic matter digestibility(0MD) were significantly appeared in all oak browse(P<0.05). The order of preference ratings of oak browse were Quercus aliena ) Quercus acutissima ) Quercus serrata ) Quercus mongollca ) Quercus variabilies ) Quercus dentata. As the results of this study, it could be considered that Quercus aliena and Quercus acutisslma were more valuable browse source than others.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.185-201
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• 1994

The Quercus mongolica forest vegetation of Mt. Myongji was classified into two communities including four subunit communities and one typical subunit community by the Z-M method as follows: Acer pseudo-sieboldianum-Quercus mongolica community group Quercus mongolica - Isodon excisus community Quercus mongolica - Styrax obassia community Quercus mongolica - Lespedeza bicolor subunit coummunity Quercus mongolica - Aconitum longecassidatum subunit community Quercus mongolica - Rhododendrom schlippenbachii subunit community Quercus mongolica - Cornus controversa subunit community Quercus mongolica - Styrax obassia typical subunit community Acer pseudo-sieboldianum - Quercus mongolica community group was distributed over the upper region of the altitude 400m, and the differential species in the community were Carex siderosticata, Sephanandra incisa, Tripterygium regelii, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The vegetation patterns for the slope and azimuth showed that the highest importance value for Quercus mongolica forest was observed on the broad subxeric area, and for Carpinus cordata and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum on the wet site, for Acer mono, Styrax obassia, Fraxinus rhynchophylla and Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa on the xeric site. The best habitat condition for Quercus mongolica was found at a subxeric site at the altitude of 700-900m on southern slope and that for Acer pseudo-sieboldianum at the 700-1100m on northern slope.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.356-361
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• 2009

This study has targeted Quercus acutissima forests in Korea and has classified the association between Quercus acutissima forests by using the phytosociological method. In addition, the correlation between each association, distribution, potential natural vegetation, and aspect of Quercus acutissima forest according to location have been analyzed to examine the characteristics of the Korean Quercus acutissima forests. Through factor analysis of DECORANA, it was revealed that Quercetum serrato-acutissimae forms in the basal zones of mountains, Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae is formed in the highlands, in the relatively high mountain area, and Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae is mainly distributed in valleys. However, this phenomenon is not very obvious, as each association structure is often mixed up. This result is caused by inhomogeneity of the Quercus acutissima forests, and most of it is distributed in basal zones or around farmlands where there are severe disturbance factors. The proposed potential natural vegetation of the Quercus acutissima forests in Korea is as follows; Quercetum serrato-acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Quercus serrata community$\rightarrow$Quercus serrata community, Quercetum mongolico-acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Quercus mongolica community$\rightarrow$Quercus mongolica community, Carpino-Quercetum acutissimae$\rightarrow$Quercus aliena-Carpinus laxiflora community$\rightarrow$Carpinus laxiflora community.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2004

In order to compare the NVOC (Natural Volatile Organic Compound) emission rates from oak trees, the emission rates of isoprene were quantitatively measured in situ based on tree species and region. As a result, the emission rates from Quercus serrata T. were found to be 1000 times greate. than those from Quercus acutissima C. However, the emission rates at the Chili and Gumsung mountain sites did not show any significant differences in summer. Cuvette tests using four different oak species also supported that there was a tremendous difference in emission rates between Quercus serrata T. and Quercus acutissima C. It was found that the emission rates from the trees were highest on the order of Quercus serrata T., Quercus aliena B., Quercus acutissima C. and Quercus variabilis B.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 1997

Employing the relev$\acute{e}$ method of Muller-Dombois & Ellenberg and Braun-Blanquet, 100 plots were sampled in the Quercus mongolica community of Mt. Odae, Mt. Chumbong and Mt. Jungwang in Kangwon-do. To analyze the data, phytosociological method and TWINSPAN were used. 1. Quercus mongolica forests were recognized as Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community group, and were classified into Quercus mongolica-Carpinus cordata community, Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum typical community, Quercus mongolica-Lespedeza maximocoiczii community and Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis community by phytosociological method. Quercus mongolica-Carpinus cordata community was subdivided into Acer mandshuricum subcommunity and typical subcommunity. 2. According to the classification of TWINSPAN, it was categorized into five groups, such as Quercus mongolica-Acer mandshuricum community, Quercus mongolica-Carpinus cordata community, Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community, Quercus mongolica-Lindera obtusiloba community, and Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis community. 3. Since the results of phytosociological community classification, which identify five groups of the community, were consistent with that of TWINSPAN, it proved that these two methods could be complement when one do a community classification.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.207-214
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the Quercus spp. forests in the lower montane zone of Mts. Bakdal, Gyemyeong, Boryeon, Worak, Cheondeung, Joryeong, Gungmang, Buyong and Sirubong in Chungbuk Province, Korea using the methodology of the Z.-M. school's phytosociology. The Ouercus spp. forests were classified into three communities and two groups; A. Quercus variabilis community A-1. Quercus serrata-Quercus acutissima group, A-2. Quercus mongolica group; B. Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community; C. Quercus dentate-Chloranthus japonicus community. These vegetation units were arranged by human interference and a gradient of environmental complex such as altitudes, and also were corresponded relatively well with a result of cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on the dominance of component species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.462-468
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• 1998

Vegetational data from 25 quadrats of Quercus mongolica communities at Hangyeryong and Paekdamsa area in Soraksan National Park were analysed by applying two multivariate methods: two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) for classification and canonical correspondence analysis(CCA) for ordination. The forest vegetation of Quercus mongolica community was classified into Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis, Quercus mongolica-Abies holophylla, Quercus mongolica-Styrax obassis, and Quercus mongolica-Quercus serrata groups according to the TWINSPAN. The relationships between the distribution of dominant groups according ot the TWINSPAN. The relationships between the distribution of dominant groups for forest vegetation and soil condition in Quercus mongolica communities were investigated by analysing elevation and soil nutrition gradients. Quercus mongolica-Tilia amurensis group was distributed in the high elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen and C.E.C., Quercus monholica-Abies holophylla group was distributed in the high elevation and good nutrition area of total nitrogen and C.E.C., Quercus mongolica-Styrax obassia group was distributed in the medium elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen and C.E.C., while Quercus mongolica-Quercus serrata group was distributed in the low elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen and C.E.C.. The dominant factors influencing community distribution were elevation, total nitrogen and C.E.C..

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2006

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain region from Wolgagsan to Dogabjae, 14 plots($2000m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Two groups of Quercus variabilis-Pinus densiflora community, Quercus mongolica-Quercus acutissima community were classified by cluster analysis. Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Quercus mongolica, Quercus acutissima, Quercus dentata and Quercus serrata were found as a major woody plant species in Weolchulsan National Park region. In this area, Quercus variabilis and Pinus densiflora were dominated partially. In the future, the importance percentage of Pinus densiflora might be decreased, but those of Quercus variabilis, Quercus mongolica, Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata might be increased. High positive correlations was proved between Quercus variabilis and Pinus rigida; Styrax japonica and Quercus dentata, Quercus acutissima; Pinus rigida and Lindera erythrocarpa, Pinus densiflora; Lindera obtusiloba and Rhododendron mucronulatum; Albizzia julibrissin and Styrax obassia, and relatively high negative correlations was proved between Diospyros kaki and Quercus dentata; Platycarya strobilacea and Lindera erythrocarpa; Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Quercus acutissima; Styrax japonica and Styrax obassia; Pinus rigida and Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Rhododendron mucronulatum; Quercus mongolica and Albizzia julibrissin. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups was ranged $1.2430{\sim}1.2892$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.6
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• pp.756-766
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• 2001

A phytosociological study on the community structure was carried out in the evergreen broad-leaved forests around Baegunbong area in Wando from June to August, 2000. A total of 31 plots, the size of which was $10m{\times}30m$, were set up in the study area. Cluster analysis for the total 54 tree species appearing in the 31 plots, showed that forest community cloud be classified into 5 groups, such as : Quercus acuta community, Quercus acuta-Camellia japonica community, Quercus acuta-Deciduous broad-leaved tree species community, Quercus acuta-Evergreen Deciduous broad-leaved tree species community, Quereus acuta-Carpinus tschonoskii community. The species of high appearance frequency ratio in 31 plots were Quercus acuta, Camellia japonica, Styrax japonica, Eurya japonica, Ligustrum japonicum, Cinnamomum japonicum, Sapium japonicum and Acer psuedo-sieboldianum. Dominant tree species were covered with Quercus acuta, Styrax japonica, Prunus sargentii, Carpinus laxiflora and Quercus serrata, and Quercus acuta, Camellia japonica, Eurya japonica, Ligustrum japonicum, Cinnamomum japonicum and Sapium japonicum at sub-canopy. The forest vegetation in the surveyed area except the summit of Baegunbong will be proceeding with Quercus acuta community. The species diversity of Quercus acuta community, Quercus acuta-Camellia japonica community, Quercus acuta-Deciduous broad-leaved tree species community, Quercus acuta-Evergreen Deciduous broad-leaved tree species community, and Quercus acuta-Carpinus tschonoskii community were 0.687, 0.866, 0.933, 0.966, and 1.018, respectively. The species diversity of Quercus acuta community was rather low.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.291-300
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• 1998

The forest vegetation of Mt. Odae based on the interspecific relationship was classified into 4 groups : Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Patrinia saniculaefolia. Thirty-one species of Quercus mongolica group including Quercus mongolica and Acer mone, 12 species of Pinus densiflora group comprising Pinus densiflora and Spodiopogon sibiricus, 6 species of Quercus variabilis group and 4 species of Patrinia saniculaefolia were positively correlated. in the results of species ordination by principal component analysis, 7 clusters by the humidity and acidity of soil, 4 clusters by the humidity and light intensity and 7 clusters by the acidity and light intensity were formed. The plot ordination showed that the distribution of species based on the humidity, soil acidity and total organic matters was in the order of Pinus densiflora, Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica groups, and based on the light intensity was in the order of Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica groups.