• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2008

Introduction: It has been proposed that narcolepsy and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) have overlapped symptom profile and pathophysiology. This study was aimed at measuring and comparing changes in EEG frequency band of REM sleep in narcolepsy and RBD, applying EEG spectral analysis method. Methods: Nine patients diagnosed as narcolepsy and the same number of RBD patients were studied. Spectral analysis of the REM sleep EEG was performed in each patient on 9 epochs selected evenly from the first, second, and third REM periods. Then, we compared frequency band percentages of REM sleep EEG in narcolepsy and RBD. Results: Narcolepsy patients had significantly higher delta frequency ratio than RBD ones (p=0.00). In alpha and beta2 frequency bands, RBD patients showed higher percentage than narcolepsy ones. Slow wave sleep was more prevalent in narcolepsy patients. But, no difference of REM sleep percentage was found between the two groups (p=0.93). Conclusion: Higher delta frequency ratio in REM sleep of narcolepsy patients than RBD ones reflects that sleep-promoting mechanism is more dominant in narcolepsy than in RBD.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2005

Objectives: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), characterized by excessive motor activity during REM sleep, is associated with loss of muscle atonia. In recent years, it has been reported that RBD has high co-morbidity with CNS disorders (especially, Parkinson's disease, dementia, multiple system atrophy, etc.). We aimed to assess differences in clinical and polysomnographic findings among RBD patients, depending on the presence or absence of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Methods: The medical records and polysomnographic data of 81 patients who had been diagnosed as having RBD were reviewed. The patients were classified into two groups: associated RBD (aRBD, i.e., with a clinical history and/or brain MRI evidence of CNS disorder) and idiopathic RBD (iRBD, i.e., without a clinical history and/or brain MRI evidence of CNS disorder) groups. Twenty-one patients (25.9%) belonged to the aRBD group and 60 patients (74.1%) belonged to the iRBD group. The clinical characteristics and polysomnographic findings of the two groups were compared. Results: Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), i.e., PLMI (periodic limb movement index)>5, was observed more frequently in the aRBD group than in the iRBD group (p<0.001, Fisher's exact test). Also, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), i.e., RDI (respiratory disturbance index)>5, was found more frequently in the aRBD group (p=0.0042, Fisher's exact test). The percentages for slow wave sleep and sleep efficiency were significantly lower in the aRBD group than in the iRBD group. Conclusion: We found that 1 out of 4 RBD patients had associated CNS disorders, warranting more careful neurological evaluation and follow-up in this category of RBD. In this category of RBD patients, we also found more frequent PLMD and OSAS. These patients were also found to have lower slow wave sleep and sleep efficiency. In summary, RBD patients with associated CNS disorders suffer from more disturbed sleep than those without them.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-27
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• 1997

Randomized block design (RBD) with three replication is very frequently adopted in agricultural experiments of the Rural Development Administration of Korea. Even though it works well in field trials of traditional crops, it may not accomodate trial site conditions and/or experimental environment. In this research report, we deal with two such cases. The first case is for a crop experiment in green houses. In house conditions, RBD may not be appropriate since it cannot reflect two directions of the yield gradient. So, a Latin square design is suggested as an alternative. The second case is for local field experiments of the newly-inbred rice. RBD with three replications is used without doubt for decades, even though the site layout is not appropriately shaped for the design. In this case, we suggest the RBD in two blocks with multiple replicates for control varieties as an alternative. To improve the quality of statistical experimental designs in over one-thousand agricultural trials performed annually in the Rural Development Administration, we need to re-train agricultural researchers on the design and analysis of experiments and call for concerns of Korean statisticians.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.2055-2057
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• 2003

This paper describes the results of RBD(Reliability Block Diagram) analysis of control rod control system, which is being developed as part of KNICS project. The results of RBD indicate unavailability of control cabinet for control rod control system. A purpose of RBB is to evaluate unavailability of control cabinet, identify the design drawbacks of control cabinet, and propose design improvement to a designer to help design the more reliable control rod control system. This RBD defines the logical interaction of failure within a system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.183.1-183
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• 2001

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was performed to review the research trends in treatment for REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and Kampo in Japan. Methods: We searched articles in CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) under the key words, "RBD", and Chinese words related with it in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicinal Herbs and Combination of Traditional Chinese Medicine With Western Medicine' field, and also in CiNii (Citation Information by NII); we also searched articles in Kampo Square in Japan under the key words, "RBD" and Japanese words related with it. We found 10 papers, and then selected 6 of them except the non-clinical and unrelated studies. We then analyzed their way of diagnosis, treatments, study type and etc.. Results: 6 studies were divided into 4 case reports, one control study, and one literature review study. All of the studies reported that Herbal medicine for RBD was effective as much as Western medicine like clonazepam and paroxetine. However, the quality and the quantity of these clinical studies were not enough. Conclusions: It seems that the researches for RBD have gradually been performed in TCM and Kampo. We hope that our study can activate/push forward clinical research for this disorder in Korean traditional medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

Currently, structural design of wood structure has been based on ASD (Allowable Structural Design) in Korea. However, the results from this method was known as greater than real value because variations of materials and various conditions were not considered sufficiently. So the study about the design method with probabilistic approach is being performed to overcome this problem. And the standard design method of RBD (Reliability Based Design) has been established and applied. In this study, to apply this method on the domestic wood, the distribution property of the lumber and Glulam was analyzed from the previous report and the basis of the standardized design method was established as soft conversion method from allowable stress used in ASD into reference resistance used in RBD. And through the additional study about the sample size as a important factor to effect on soft conversion, condition to be required in more accurate conversion was evaluated.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2011

Objectives: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) has received little attention in epidemiologic studies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of probable REM sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) in the elderly population and its clinical features. Methods: A random sample of 1,588 was selected from a roster of 14,050 elderly population living in Osan city. The subjects were asked to fill out the REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire (RBDSQ). Subjects whose score were 5 or higher on RBDSQ underwent a diagnostic phase of person-to-person assessment by experts in RBD. Results: Among 1,588 subjects, 886 elderly subjects participated in the screening phase and 123 subjects were assessed in the diagnostic phase. Eleven subjects were diagnosed as having pRBD, so prevalence was 1.5% (95% CI=0.70-2.30%). The frequency of depression and cognitive decline was significantly increased in patients with pRBD compared to subjects without pRBD, and there was no difference in sleep disturbances between two groups. Conclusions: Probable REM sleep behavior disorder is not rare in the elderly but frequently under-recognized. More attention should be paid to evaluation and treatment of RBD.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.527-532
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• 2007

In this paper, we suggest those two design plans for power supply method of Hot Standby Sparing System; one is the plan using MTBF based on Constant Failure Rate, and the plan using Reliability Function is the other. Traditionally, RBD (Reliability Block Diagram) is used for reliability prediction which is required to meet any requirements before system operation. However, the system that has redundancy, such as Hot Standby Sparing System, Is not suitable for system reliability modeling using combination model, such as RBD. In this paper, therefore, we demonstrate that for redundancy controller, redundancy modeling design toward fault occurrence design is more effective to build up a system with higher reliability and achieve the effectiveness of loss cost due to maintenance and failure occurred in operation, rather than combinational modeling design.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.281-285
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• 2015

Electrical energy supply interruption degrades reliability of power supply as well as social costs and economic loss. It is important to assess the reliability of the power system. Nowadays IEC61850 based substation automation system(SAS) has been developed for an updating of automation and interoperability. In this study, three kinds of reliability block diagram(RBD) were proposed to examine of network availability of the three types SAS. And reliability and unreliability of the SAS was formulated using the RBD. Finally, while varying the value of reliability and unreliability, the reliability and the unreliability of the overall system were evaluated.