• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics such as volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm abnormality on whole semen, RSP-S and RSP-T semen and fractional semen of small size dogs, and the effect of temperature and preservation time and cryoproservation on motility of whole and RSP-S and RSP- T semen. Multiple ejaculates were collected from small dogs by the digital manipulation of penis. 1. The volume per ejaculate semen, sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rate of 1st fractional semen were 0.65±0.09㎖, 4.52±0.35×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 15.64±3.85% and 5.50±0.62%. Also, 2nd fractional semen were 1.25±0.20㎖, 3.35±0.48×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 96.25±4.65% and 4.24±0.46%. And 3rd fractional semen were 1.45±0.21㎖, 3.85±0.52×10/sup 6/cell/㎖, 92.82±4.24% and 4.66±0.58%, respectively. 2. The sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rates of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 5.45±0.82×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 95.55±4.65%, 4.58±0.45% and 4.82±0.36×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 90.10±3.42%, 6.48±0.68% and 4.55±0.45× 10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 93.25±3.85%, 4.82±0.58%, respectively. 3. The motility of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were higher at 4℃ than at 38℃. When preservation temperature was at 4℃, survival rates of RSP-S and RSP-T sperm were 97.54%-6.25% at 1-72 hrs, 97.40%-5.62% at 1-100 hrs, respectively. 4. The survival rates of slow and rapid frozen 2nd fraction, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 67.3±4.45%, 88.8±4.46% and 46.4±3.84%, 74.4±4.20%, respectively. Survival rates was significantly higher in frozen RSP-S and RSP-T semen than that in control group(8.5±2.12%).

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2017

This study was carried out to establish qualities of watermelon seedling (Citrullus lanatus) according to raising seedling period (RSP; 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, and 65 days) and was carried out to investigate growth characteristics after planting of the seedlings. In seedling qualities according to RSP, Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area of seedling with RSP 65 treatment were significantly increased. Fresh and dry weight in the above of corp showed a significant difference among the seedlings with RSP 40-45, RSP 50-60 and RSP 65 treatment, and that in of root were significantly higher in the seedlings with RSP 40, 45, 65 treatments than with other RSP treatments. S/R ratio was lower in the seedlings with RSP 40 and 45 treatments than with other RSP treatments. RSP affected to the leaf area and S/R ratio of seedling. After 11 weeks after planting of a various seedlings, except that height and node number of plant with 45 RSP treatment was lower than other RSP treatments, other growth characteristics were not significantly different amon RSP treatments. Leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight and S/R ratio were lowest in plant with RSP 65 treatment. Relative growth rate and net assimilation rate of planted watermelon tended to decrease and leaf area ratio was continuously increased until 9th week in the all treatments. The lighter and heavier fruit were produced in plants with RSP 40 and RSP 65 treatments (9.7 kg and 9.9 kg) and in RSP 50 and RSP 55 treatments (both 11.0kg), respectively. Fruit sugar contents was highest in fruit with RSP 45 treatment, and was lowest in RSP 50 and RSP 60 treatments. RSP showed a polynomial regression relation with the increment of fruit weight and the weight of harvested fruit. Considering the increment and weight of fruit, the most for RSP of watermelon seedling for planting were 50-55 days.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.269-275
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics such as volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm abnormality on whole semen, RSP-S and RSP-T semen and fractional semen of small size dogs, and the effect of temperature and preservation time and cryoproservation on motility of whole and RSP-S and RSP-T semen. Multiple ejaculates were collected from small dogs by the digital manipulation of penis. 1. The volume per ejaculate semen, sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rate of 1st fractional semen were 0.65$\pm$0.09 $m\ell$, 4.52$\pm$0.35$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$, 15.64$\pm$3.85% and 5.50$\pm$0.62%. Also, 2nd fractional semen were 1.25$\pm$0.20$m\ell$, 3.35$\pm$0.48$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$, 96.25$\pm$4.65% and 4.24$\pm$0.46%. And 3rd fractional semen were 1.45$\pm$0.21$m\ell$, 3.55$\pm$0.52$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$, 92.82$\pm$4.24% and 4.66 $\pm$0.58%, respectively. 2. The sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rates of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 5.45$\pm$0.82$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$, 95.55 $\pm$4.65%, 4.58$\pm$0.45% and 4.82$\pm$0.36$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$, 90.10$\pm$3.42%, 6.48$\pm$0.68% and 4.55$\pm$0.45$\times$10$^{6}$ cells/$m\ell$, 93.25$\pm$3.85%, 4.82$\pm$0.58%, respectively. 3. The motility of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were higher at 4$^{\circ}C$ than at 38$^{\circ}C$. When preservation temperature was at 4$^{\circ}C$, survival rates of RSP-S and RSP-T sperm were 97.54~6.25% at 1~72 hrs, 97.40~5.62% at 1~100 hrs, respectively. 4. The survival rates of slow and rapid frozen 2nd fraction, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 67.3$\pm$4.45%, 88.8$\pm$4.46% and 46.4$\pm$3.84%, 74.4$\pm$4.20%, respectively. Survival rates was significantly higher in frozen RSP-S and RSP-T semen than that in control group(8.5$\pm$2.12%).

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.75-89
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• 2006

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Rhododendron simsii Planch(RSP) on the Alzheimer's disease. Method : The effects of RSP on amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by amyloid ${\beta}$ protein$(A{\beta})$ and $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA of THP-1 cell treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ and behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine, and glucose, AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. Result : 1. RSP suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 celt treated by $A{\beta}$. 2. RSP suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in THP-1 cell treated by LPS. 3. RSP suppressed AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 4. RSP increased glucose and decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 5. RSP group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of teaming and. memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is suggested that RSP might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease and memory deficit symptom.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.48-57
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• 2017

Background: Rounded shoulder posture (RSP), a postural abnormality, might cause shoulder pain and pathologic conditions. Although most previous research has investigated RSP focusing on the proximal structures of the shoulder, such as the scapula and pectoralis muscles, the relationship between RSP and anterior distal structures of the upper extremity, such as the biceps brachii muscle and elbow joint, is not clearly understood. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the correlations between RSP and the biceps brachii length, elbow joint angle (EJA), pectoralis minor length, general pectoralis major length, humeral head anterior translation (HHAT), glenohumeral internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and horizontal adduction (HAD). Methods: Twelve subjects with RSP (6 male, 6 female) were recruited. All subjects fulfilled the RSP criteria indicated by a distance ${\geq}2.5cm$ from the posterior aspect of the acromion to the table in the supine position. The examiner measured each of the following parameters twice: RSP, biceps brachii length, EJA, pectoralis minor length, pectoralis major length, HHAT, glenohumeral IR, ER, and HAD. Pearson's correlation coefficient(r) was used to assess the correlation between RSP and all the variables. Results: There was a significant moderate positive correlation between RSP and biceps brachii length (r=.55, p=.032), moderate negative correlation between RSP and pectoralis minor length (r=-.62, p=.015), and moderate positive correlation between RSP and HHAT (r=.53, p=.038). Conclusion: The biceps brachii length, pectoralis minor length, and HHAT could be used to evaluate patients with RSP. Better understanding of the correlation between these factors and RSP could help in the development of effective methods to treat patients with this condition in clinical management.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.731-747
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• 2015

The purpose of this RSP program is to enhance the invention gifted students' creative thinking and self-efficacy in studying. This program has 20 subcategories and interesting activities attracting students' attentions which are based on TRIZ's 40 principles of invention. 3-Steps to learning, which are - experiencing, recognizing, and inventing are arranged as teaching methods of RSP program. In the first step, experiencing, students are motivated and get a glimpse of the principles of invention while experiencing innovative products. In the next step, recognizing, students grasp the related scientific principles from the products. In the last step, inventing, students are given keys to solutions for problematic situations and then they create new ideas after repetitive encounters with several products made by similar principles. RSP program is different from other programs in that it has this 'inventing' step, where students can create new ideas based on related basic knowledge. In conclusion, RSP program is systematically well organized with 4 steps(purpose, contents, teaching method and evaluation) and is shown to enhance invention gifted students' creativity and self efficacy in studying. Therefore, the RSP program is shown to be a reliable and useful program, and may be used in the classes for positive results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.154-159
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• 2005

The markers for Environmental Tobacco Smoke(ETS) a.e necessary to obtain, to interpretate and to provide the data of quantitative exposure assessment. The purpose of this research is to evaluate Indoor environment using the concentration of ETS and the correlations between markers(RSP, nicotine, 3-EP) and environmental conditions(smoking density, ventilation rate). The mean ACH(air change per hour) in smoking rooms showed non-compliance with ASHRAE standard value. The concentrations of RSP, 3-EP, nicotine showed log-normal distributions, and became different statistically depending on smoking condition(p<0.01). The geometric mean concentration of RSP in smoking room was 441.7 ${\mu}g/m^3$ that is far exceeded environmental standard(150 ${\mu}g/m^3$). The correlation coefficients between RSP and SI, 3-EP and SI, and Nicotine and SI were 0.67, 0.84, 0.74 respectively. The correlation coefficient between nicotine and 3-EP, Nicotine and RSP, and RSP and 3-EP were 0.76, 0.78, 0.57 respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.99-104
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• 2016

Road Sink Phenomenon (RSP) is one of the major issues in South Korea. National and local governments are trying to develop effective preventive measures against the RSP. Developing the policy-oriented RSP management is most important to minimize possible losses induced by RSP. In this study, we employed the Futures Wheel (FW) method to derive influence factors for RSP management. FW method is widely used for predicting future social-environmental condition. In addition, RAND Corporation's method is used to derive potential strategic agenda based on derived influence factors by FW method. These derived strategic agenda can contribute to develop the policies related with RSP management.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.30-30
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• 2001

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study is for the effects of upper trapezius (UT) inhibition on round shoulder posture (RSP) index, pectoralis minor index (PMI), UT activity and neck disability index (NDI) in adults with RSP. Methods: 30 male and female participants with RSP were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG). the EG received UT inhibition 3 days a week for 5 weeks those in the CG did not receive UT inhibition. Results: RSP index, PMI, UT activity and NDI were measured again, There was a significant difference within the EG at pre- result and post-results. Conclusion: These results suggest that UT inhibition with an RSP program was effective in decreasing the RSP index, UT activity, and NDI in adults with RSP.