• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2022

Single-view reconstruction (SVR) is a fundamental method in computer vision. Often used for reconstructing human-made environments, the Manhattan world assumption presumes that planes in the real world exist in mutually orthogonal directions. Accordingly, this paper addresses an automatic SVR algorithm for Manhattan worlds. A method for estimating the directions of planes using graph-cut optimization is proposed. After segmenting an image from extracted line segments, the data cost function and smoothness cost function for graph-cut optimization are defined by considering the directions of the line segments and neighborhood segments. Furthermore, segments with the same depths are grouped during a depth-estimation step using a minimum spanning tree algorithm with the proposed weights. Experimental results demonstrate that, unlike previous methods, the proposed method can identify complex Manhattan structures of indoor and outdoor scenes and provide the exact boundaries and intersections of planes.

• IE interfaces
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• v.17 no.spc
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• pp.122-130
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• 2004

Since the cost of software maintenance occupies about 50~75% in a general successful organization, the software maintenance plays an important role in software life cycle. In particular, if the managed system needs to be operated in a long term or the system is very large and complex, then the maintenance is especially more important. Software maintenance is defined as software modification activities after customer delivery, such as improvement of performance or functionality, error correction, adaptation to environmental changes, etc. In this paper, software cost estimation models are proposed, that is based on productivity of manpower in maintenance projects. In order to do this, the activities of maintenance are classified into function change, non-function change, user support and application operation. The proposed models are constructed and verified based on the real size and cost information of projects in the real world. The approach in this paper is to discriminate the heterogeneous activities in maintenance projects, and then to calculate the respective cost of each discriminated activity. By using the proposed models, the total cost of maintenance project is summed from the costs of four activities. In addition the number of conflicts between owner and order receiver about the amount of cost will be reduced and the reasonable cost estimation system will be established.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.70-77
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• 2012

Dial-a-ride is the most widely available transit service for disabled persons or seniors in the United States and Europe. This paper studies a static dial-a-ride problem considering multiple depots, heterogeneous vehicles, and soft time windows. In this paper, we apply a heuristic based on clustering first-routing second(HCR) to a real-world large dial-a-ride problem from Maryland Transit Administration(MTA). MTA's real operation is compared with the results of developed heuristic for 24 cases. The objective function of the proposed model is to minimize the total cost composed of the service provider's cost and the customers' inconvenience cost. For the comparison, the objective function values of HCR do not include waiting cost, delay cost, and excess ride cost. The objective function values from HCR are better than those from MTA's operation for all cases. This result shows that our heuristic method can make the real operation better and more efficient.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.70-77
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• 2002

Since our physical world cannot be modeled as rigid body, deformable object models are important. For real-time simulation of elastic object, it must be guaranteed by its exact solution and low-latency computational cost. In this paper, we describe the boundary integral equation formulation of linear elastic body and related boundary element method(BEM). The deformation of elastic body can be effectively solved with 1ow run-time computational costs, using precomputed Green Function and fast low-rank updates based on Capacitance Matrix Algorithm.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.481-496
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• 2023

Purpose: The main theme of this study is to derive a profit curve by a cubic cost function for nonlinear CVP analysis. According to the analytical approach to derive a nonlinear profit function in this study, it is possible with only the existing cost structure to calculate the profit maximization and downtime point sales unlike the classical CVP analysis. Furthermore, the profit curve by the mathematical model of this study could serve as a tool to quantify the qualitative evaluation of each stage of the industry life cycle. Methods: This study followed the mathematical approach from the cubic cost function model of microeconomics, and using real data of the Bank of Korea Results: The nonlinear profit function suggested by this study is as follows; ${\pi}(x)=-a\left(x-\frac{f}{1-v}\right)^3+(1-v)x-k$ where $a=\frac{1}{3}v\left(\frac{(1-v)}{f}\right)^2,k=f-a\left(1-\frac{f}{1-v \right)^3$ Conclusion: The process and results of this study would be able to contribute not only in practice of nonlinear CVP analysis required in the management accounting or financial management, but also in cost theory of microeconomics. Also, since the life cycle of all industries in Korea was verified to the growth or mature stage, decision makers should pay careful attention to determining life cycle stages and consider the profit curve by the average variable cost ratio over multi periods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.213-223
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• 2006

Conventional truss optimization approaches, while often sophisticated and computationally intensive, have been applied to simple, minimum weight-cost models. These approaches do not perform well when applied to real-world trusses, which have costmodels that are complex and which often involve multiple objectives. Thus, this paper describes the optimization strategies that a clustering technique, which identifies members that are likely to have the same product type, uses for the optimal design of truss structures with real- world cost functions that consider the costs on the weight of the truss, the number of products in the design, the number of joints in the structures, and the costs required in the site.At first, the clustering technique is applied to identify the members and to generate a proper initial solution. A simple taboo search technique is then used, which attempts to generate the optimal solution by starting with the solution from the previous technique. For example, the proposed approach is a plied to a typical problem and to a problem similar to relative performances. The results show that this algorithm generates not only better-quality solutions but also more efficient ones

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2022

Existing edge discovery techniques only found edges of defined shapes based on precise definitions of edges. Therefore, there are many limitations in finding edges for images of complex and diverse shapes that exist in the real world. A method for solving these problems and discovering various types of edges is a cost minimization method. In this method, the cost function and cost factor are defined and used. This cost function calculates the cost of the candidate edge model generated according to the candidate edge generation strategy. If a satisfactory result is obtained, the corresponding candidate edge model becomes the edge for the image. In this study, a new candidate edge generation strategy was proposed to discover edges for images of more diverse shapes in order to improve the disadvantage of only finding edges of a defined shape, which is a problem of the cost minimization method. In addition, the contents of improvement were confirmed through a simple simulation that reflected these points.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.131-143
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• 2014

A triple database consisting of a number of three-column tables require high cost of query processing, whereby building a shortcut is known as an effective way to reduce the cost. It is important to figure out what shortcuts needs to be selectively built. Most shortcut selection algorithms make use of a benefit model that considers the query frequency. However they work poor to reflect the database update. In this paper, we consider a benefit model for triple databases. The model considers not only the profit of query response times but also the building and maintenance costs of the shortcuts. We apply the model to design a benefit function which can be plugged in a greedy-based shortcut selection algorithm. We perform the empirical experiments on a real-world dataset and analyze the effect of each factor employed in the benefit function.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.19-21
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• 2000

This paper presents a game theory application for analyzing power transactions and market design in a deregulated energy marketplace such as PoolCo. The conventional least-cost approaches for the generation resource schedule can not exactly handle recent real-world situations. A systematic tool using game theory for the market participants is presented such that it determines the net profits through the optimal bidding strategies including the strategies for the bidding prices and bidding generations. We treat this power transaction game as incomplete information one, which means each market participants does not know other's cost function. And the demand elasticity of the energy price is considered for the realistic modeling of the deregulated marketplace.

• IE interfaces
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.639-645
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• 2000

Virtual manufacturing systems that perform production activities ahead of real production in virtual world can reduce time and cost to develop, design, plan, and manage new products. In this paper, a virtual manufacturing system is constructed as a tool to support decision making by using VRML and Java. The basic structure of the virtual manufacturing system and the operation models are also presented. The developed system helps any related persons to share design and manufacturing information, and to perform their tasks collaboratively through Internet. The other function of the system is to monitor operation status in real time.