• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.161-171
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• 2002

The number of food establishments selling raw and convenience foods are increasing in Korea, and people enjoy purchasing and eating foods at these shops. However, there are only a few reports on the temperature control of the refrigerators and freezers at retail food shops. This study was performed to investigate the temperature control of refrigerators and freezers in retail food shops in Daegu. The survey was carried out from July 20 to August 30 in 2001. The trained surveyors visited the twenty retail food shops (four department stores, eight marts/supermarkets and eight convenience stores) in the 8 major areas of Daegu and inspected the temperature control of 48 refrigerators for dairy products, fruits & vegetables, and rolled rice & sandwiches, and 52 freezers for ice cream & sherbet, frozen food, and frozen fish. The percentage of the refrigerators, and freezers with unsafe temperatures higher than the recommended safe temperature (10℃ for refrigerators, and -18℃ for freezers) was 42%; 45.8% in refrigerators; 38.5% in freezers. On an average, the bigger the size of the shop, the better than the other freezers. On the other hand, the temperature control of refrigerator for fruits & vegetables was the worst because they were usually open. Actual temperatures in the refrigerators and freezers were found to be significantly higher than the reading on the thermometers attached to the refrigerators and freezers(p<0.05). These results indicate that temperature control of refrigerators and freezers at retail food shops should be monitored several times each day, and should have strict inspection. There should be more detailed legal standard and specification for temperature control of refrigerators and freezers at retail food shops to prevent foodborne illness from unsafely stored food.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

A study on temperature control of freezers & refrigerators in department stores and supermakets was conducted in Taegu are from July 15 through August 30 in order to determine how the temperature is effectively controled for food safety. Five departments and four supermarkets were selected randomly and fifty seven refrigerators and fifty nine freezers were inspected to observe temperature of thermometers and measure the temperature of the coolers by laser thermometer. The results are as follow; 1. Out of one hundred and sixteen coolers, eighty six (74.1%) were open type coolers and thirty (25.9%) were closed types (p<.05). 2. Twenty five (89.3%) of refrigerators and twenty three (82.1%) of freezers in department stores had thermometers and twenty seven refrigerators (93.1%) and twenty two (71%) of freezers in supermarkets had thermometers respectively (p<.01). 3. The measured temperatures of coolers increased in the afternoon to compared to the temperatures of them in the morning time (p<.01). The difference of temperatures of coolers between department stores and supermarkets was wider in the supermarkets and difference of temperatures of food items between refrigerators and freezers was wider in the refrigerators but the difference was not statistically significant. 4. The temperatures of forty four (84.6%) out of fifty two refrigerators within recommended ranges and those of forty two (93.3%) of forty five freezers higher than recommended ranges (p<.05).

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 1983

The purpose of the study, was to investigate Housewives behavior on how to buy refrigerators and how to use them. Besides, their knowledge and keeping ability of electricity and refrigerator is estimated according to regional differences, their ages, their educational courses, and their income. In the report, W e can see if it is related to the years of married life, numbers of the family, having jobs or not, and numbers of marketing a week. The subjects were 675 mothers of the students in the selected schools, at Seoul, Cheongjoo, and Kwesan gun. They answered to the questionnaire devised for the study. their answers were analyzed in percent to grasp their general trend of electricity and electric Appliance. Chi-square test and F-test are chosen to grasp the Cor-relationships between the related variables. The results are as follows: 1) The average rate of possesing the refrigerators is 84.06%. It shows us that the housewives in Seoul possess the more refrigerators than those in other areas. At ages, form 30 to 40 aged women gave the most refrigerators than any other ages women. It reveals us the high income and high educational housewives have high rate of possessing refrigerators. 2) They answered that they purchased the refrigerators by necessity. we can see their motivation of purchasing them is very reasonable. However, we can see that they do not manage the refrigerators well, because the rate of using them during four seasons is only 12.34%, An age of 20year old housewives mostly purchased the refrigerators at the time of marriage. The women who bought them after marriage answered that they mostly took a consultation with their husbands when they bought the refrigerators. They regarded the trade marks of the manufactures and size of the refrigerators, as they bought them. And most of them bought the refrigerators for cash. 3)At homes in Seoul, the kinds of retained foods in the refrigerator are more than those of the house in the city and in the agricultural town. The high income and high educational housewives tend to retain the more kinds of foods. But there are no significant differences between the essential variables such as the numbers of the family, the housewives having jobs or not, and the numbers of marketing. 4)Generally their knowledge on electricity and the refrigerator is very low. However, it shows the statistically significant differences. the housewives in Seoul have more information about refrigerator than the housewives in agricultural town. At ages , the women less than 29 years old have more information about the refrigerator, and the woman who had university education and high income tend to know much about the refrigerator. 5) The keeping ability of the refrigerator is very good, and there are no significant differences among variables. And also it shows that there is no correlationship between their knowledge and their keeping ability.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.9
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• pp.7-19
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• 2008

This research aims to analyze rational decision behavior in different stages of purchasing for consumers buying household appliance goods and deals with differences in socio-demographic features and relevant variables among completely rational, intermediatedly rational, and irrational groups as well as variables differentiating those groups. First, one third of purchasers for Kimchi refrigerators was the rational consumer while a half of purchasers for side-by-side refrigerators and washing machines was. Second, there was no significant differences in satisfactions levels after purchase between rational and irrational groups among purchasers of side-by-side refrigerators but between completely and intermediately rational groups in the case of Kimchi refrigerators. Rational groups of consumers for Tromm washing machines rely on various places for purchase and also show the high level of intention for repurchase. Third, in studies of variables differentiating rationality in purchase behavioral patterns of consumers, rational choices turn out to prevail (1) among purchasers of married, college graduated, employers, and high income in the case of side-by-side refrigerators, (2) among buyers of male, old-aged, college graduated, non-employers, low, income, and hurrying to purchase in the case of Kimchi refrigerators, and (3) among buyers of old-aged, high income, not hurrying to purchase, and visiting numerous stores in the case of Tromm washing machines.

• Journal of the FoodService Safety
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-20
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• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the impact of refrigerator type and temperature fluctuations on the quality changes of refrigerated foods. Phycochemical and sensory quality, as well as microbial growth, were measured for various foods stored in open- or door-type refrigerators set at 5℃ during storage. The average temperatures recorded were 11.50±1.14℃ in an open refrigerator, and 6.34±0.97℃ in a closed refrigerator. The average surface temperatures of the food items were 9.60±1.20 and 6.00±0.80℃ for open and closed refrigerators, respectively. Significant changes in color and appearance quality were observed in lettuce, mackerel, ground beef, and cut pineapples when stored in open refrigerators. Ready-to-Eat foods such as gimbap and sandwiches exhibited higher levels of microbiological proliferation when stored in open refrigerators compared to closed refrigerators. Processed foods, such as sterilized milk and packaged tofu, did not show significant differences in quality among various types of refrigerators. The installation of refrigerator doors can effectively minimize temperature fluctuations caused by external factors, thereby reducing variations in food quality. These findings provide essential insights into the quality changes associated with the implementation of refrigerator doors, serving as fundamental data for ensuring optimal food preservation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 1996

A numerical of thermoacoustic refrigerators has been developed. Effects of heat transfer and viscosity on pressure and velocity distributions in resonators and heat exchangers were considered. Predictions of cooling capacity and COP agreed well with previous experimental results. Effects of important design parameters, such as pressure ratio, spacing between the plates in the stack and stack length, on the performance of thermoacoustic refrigerators were shown.

• 연구논문집
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• s.24
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• pp.27-39
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• 1994

lower vibration than in any other small refrigerators. The experimental results of three types of pulse tube refrigerators are presented in this paper. The objectives of this study are to develop the design technology of the double inlet pulse tube refrigerator and acquire its application method. As a preliminary experiment, the refrigeration performances of the basic, orifice and double inlet pulse tube refrigerator were investigated. The lowest temperature obtained in this experiment was 34.4K. The refrigeration capacity at the optimum operating condition of the double inlet pulse tube refrigerator was 23W at 80K.

• The Magazine of the Society of Air-Conditioning and Refrigerating Engineers of Korea
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 1992

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.40-45
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• 2004

The experimental results of the G-M (Gifford-McMahon) type pulse tube refrigerators are presented in this paper. The pulse tube refrigerator, which has no moving parts at its cold section, is attractive in obtaining higher reliability, simpler construction, and lower vibration than any other small refrigerators. The objectives of this study are to develop the design technology of the G-M type pulse tube refrigerator and acquire its application methods for replacing G-M cryocooler. As a preliminary test, the refrigeration performances of the basic, orifice, and double inlet pulse tube refrigerators were investigated. The lowest temperature obtained in the one-stage pulse tube refrigerator was 34.4K and the refrigeration capacity at the optimum operation condition was 23W at 80K. And the lowest temperature of the second stage cold head in the two-stage pulse tube refrigerators was 18.3K and the refrigeration capacities at optimum condition were 0.45W at 20K and 20W at 80K, respectively. Finally, the lowest temperature obtained in the three-stage pulse tube refrigerator was 29.8K and the refrigeration capacity at the optimum operation condition was 1.3W for 40K and 5W for 70K.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.74-81
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• 2019

Upcycling generally refers to the conversion of waste materials to something useful or valuable and is a useful concept that can be applied not only to the waste design industry but also to waste recycling and resource circulation. Our study highlights upcycling as the key concept for improving the value of waste by redefining the concept as "the recycling of waste materials and discarded products in ways that enhance their value." Four upcycling strategies are linked to material flow analyses conducted on waste electronic and electrical equipment, specifically waste refrigerators and waste computers, to examine the technologies available for implementation and suggest guidelines for the promotion of upcycling. The amount of waste refrigerators collected by the formal sector was 121,642 tons/y and the informal sector, 63,823 tons/y. The current recycling ratio of waste refrigerators was estimated as 88.53%. A total of 7,585 tons/y of waste computers were collected by the formal sector and 3,807 tons/y by the informal sector after discharge. Meanwhile, the current recycling ratio of waste computers was estimated as 77.43%. We found that it is possible to introduce 28 upcycling technologies in the case of refrigerators, and 15 technologies are available to promote upcycling in the case of computers. By refining the broad concept of upcycling and looking at the stages of material flow, our approach presents universally applicable directions for incorporating upcycling in resource recovery and recirculation plans.