• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.2062-2072
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• 2010

This research evaluates the change of the water absorbency and drying speed of a quick-drying knit fabric by repeated laundering and laundering conditions and investigates the influence of laundering conditions on the functional properties of the knit fabric. Four factors of laundering conditions were studied: detergent, water hardness, water temperature, and frequency of rotation. Knit fabrics were washed for 25 laundering cycles in a drum-type washing machine with nine different laundering conditions derived from an orthogonal array. The properties of knit fabrics were measured with a drop absorption test, a strip test, and a drying time test. Relaxation shrinkage pointed to a change in the structural characteristics of the knit fabric. Wetting time was faster and wickability was greater in the knit fabrics that underwent 5 laundering cycles; in addition, there were no obvious changes in wetting time and wickability. The detergent was the most important factor in wetting time (40.4%) and wickability (60% or above). Water hardness, water temperature and RPM had less of an effect on wetting time and wickability. There were no significant differences between the levels of laundering conditions (except for detergent) on wetting time and wickability. Drying times with neutral and alkali were slower by repeated laundering; however, there was no obvious change in drying time. Hardness, water temperature and RPM had less of an impact on drying time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.15 no.2 s.38
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• pp.199-209
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• 1991

In this paper, the fabrics for Korean folk clothes(KFC) undergoes repeated laundering under given condition. After this cyclic laundering was applied, the mechanical properties of the specimen were measured using KES-F system in order to evaluated the end-use performance of fabrics for KFC. And also, the crease recovery of fabrics for KFC were measured by shirley crease recovery tester. 78 different kinds of commercial silk fabrics and polyester fabrics for KFC were used for this study. The experimental results were analysed statistically to relate the mechanical properties and the crease recovery of fabrics for KFC. Furthermore, these changes in dimensional stability, mechanical properties and handle of fabrics for KFC were discussed in comparison with those values for silk fabrics and polyester fabrics. The results obtained are as follows. 1. Regardless of materials, remarkable increase are observed in shrinkage of the fabrics for KFC about repeated laundering, but dull increase are observed in shrinkage after 10 cycles of the repeated laundering. On the other hand, slack extend are observed in dimensions after 20 cycles of the repeated laundering. The shrinkage of fabrics for KFC after 10 cycles of the lundering showed that the silk fabrics are $1.74{\pm}0.33\%$ (warp direction) and $1.35{\pm}0.23\%$ (weft direction) and the polyester fabrics are $1.45{\pm}0.22\%$ (warp direction) and $1.25{\pm}0.23\%$ (weft direction). 2. Except for tensile property, these changes in mechanical properties of fabrics for KFC by laundering have $\pm$ 16 range of bending, shearing, compression, surface, thickness & weight as compared with before laundering. Particularly, the LT and RT about $1\~3$ cycles of the repeated laundering showed remarkable decrease. And SMD, WC, T & W of fabrics for KFC by the laundering were more increased than one for original fabrics. But B, 2HB, G, 2HG, 2HGS were decreased more than one for original fabrics. 3. 'Stiffness', 'Anti-drape', 'Crispness' and 'Scroop' hand values decrease and'Fullness & softness', 'Flexibility & softness' hand values increase with repeated laundering. 4. Remarkable decrease are observed in crease recoveries about $1\~5$ cycles of the repeated lundering, but slack decrease are observed in crease recoveries after 5 cycles of repeated laundering. The crease recovery of fabrics for KFC have negative(-) correlation with LT, RT, G, RC and MMD, This fact implies that the smaller these values, the larger the crease recovery. The crease recovery of fabrics for KFC has a high degree of correlation with the mechanical properties such as shearing, compression, surface property. And also, the crease recovery are expected by measuring the mechanical properties such as G, 2HG, 2HGS, RC, WC, LC, MIU, MMD and SMD, according to the obtained regression equation.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.215-222
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to minimize fading fabrics of surgical gown by repeated severe laundering and sterilization condition. The study showed that the best conditions were reduction cleaning using sulphinic acid derivatives or glucose organic chemicals at $98^{\circ}C$ alkaline solutions. In these conditions, color difference values(dE) were below 1.0 that means unrecognizable color change by repeated laundering and sterilization. If it treated with only laundering, reduction cleaning conditions may adjust over $80^{\circ}C$ alkaline solution. In conclusion, it is needed to select the high-washing fastness dye and reduction cleaning using sulphinic acid derivatives or glucose organic chemicals at $98^{\circ}C$ alkaline solutions for removal unfixed dyes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.1798-1811
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• 2010

This research evaluates the changes in the comfort-related properties of high-density fabric, such as moisture permeability and waterproofness, in order to assess the relative importance of laundry conditions for clothing properties after repeated laundering and suggest the best laundering conditions for high-density fabric through the identification of the most influential factor. A commercial high-density fabric was washed 25 times in a drum-type washer using nine different laundry conditions based on profiles derived from a fractional factorial design. To evaluate the changes in the comfort-related properties of the fabric, pore size, air permeability, water vapor transport, water repellency, and water resistance were measured. The comfort-related properties of the fabric deteriorated after repeated laundering by the damaged surface finish; in addition, the damaged surface also changed the pore size. As a result, the water repellency and water resistance decreased. The detergent was the most responsible factor to change the properties among the four factors of detergent, hardness, temperature, and RPM. The best laundering conditions for the fabric was a neutral detergent, soft water of 70ppm, a temperature of $15^{\circ}C$, and 30rpm.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.26-34
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• 2008

Wool fabric having high moisture content were treated with fluorocarbon-based water and oil repellent finishing agents by pad-dry-cure system. Three types of finishing agents which were regular-type or nano-type were adapted to compare the surface chemical composition, water and oil repellent property, crease recovery angle, and durability to repeated laundering. From the surface chemical compositions resulted by ESCA and C1s curve-fitting, it was shown that the regular-type finishing agent were easily taken off from the finished wool fabrics after repeated laundering. On the other hand, the fluoroalkyl groups of nano-type finishing agents turned round from fabric surface to fiber internal after repeated laundering. The water repellency of the wool fabrics treated with regular-type agent had a little changes according to the treatment condition changes and sharply decreased with repeated laundering. However, these values when treated with nano-type agents increased with the concentration and cure temperature and were maintained after 20 times laundering. The wool fabrics treated with nano-type agent had a great oil repellency irrespective of treatment conditions. Furthermore, the wrinkle recovery values of the wool fabrics treated with nano-type agents were higher than those of the fabrics treated with regular-type agent and were unchanged after 20 times laundering.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2012

This study shows the optimum attachment of Two-Way Shape Memory Alloy (TWSMA) springs onto thermal liner and its sewing method for the mass production of fire fighter's intelligent turnout gear. SMA springs were attached to the fabric by four different methods and stitched by two different shapes (square and wave). The durability of the attached springs was tested by laundering up to 50 cycles. Examined were whether the springs would remain attached to the fabric after repeated laundering, the shape memory effect and reaction of the springs, and the anti-corrosiveness of the springs. A Human-Clothing-Environment simulator evaluated thermal insulation according to attachment methods, air layer volume, and stitch types. The findings showed that silicon attached springs remained intact after repeated laundering; in addition, repeated laundering did not influence the responsiveness and anti-corrosiveness of SMAs. Air volume had positive relations with the insulation. Attachment methods or stitch methods had limited impact on the thermal insulation. As a result, a wave type stitch with silicone attachment was suggested as the optimum method to attach the SMA springs onto the intelligent turnout gear for fire fighters.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.41-48
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper was to identify bonding strength by laundering methods(dry and wet) of the after laundering of the adhesive interlining. The results of this study were as fallows. 1.As laundery repeated it revealed that the bonding strength was decreased to some degree regardless of the kinds of face cloth, laundering methods & adhesive interlining. 2. Bonding strength of woven adhesive interlining after and before ironing is different by its weave: A1>A3>A2. 3. Bonding strength before cleaing is smaller than that after laundering with ironing. 4. As for laundering methods, while dry cleaning is excellent with little influence on bonding strength. It doesn't deform the shapes of dress, in cases of woven adhesive interlining.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.2 s.150
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• pp.296-305
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• 2006

This study evaluate the effect of laundering on the deformation of knitted spandex/cotton fabrics compared with that of knitted cotton fabrics. Commercial knitted spandex/cotton and knitted cotton fabrics for T-shits were laundered in a drum-type washing machine and dried in a tumble dryer. Wale spirality, shrinkage, elastic recovery and surface contour of knitted fabrics were investigated under different laundering conditions: washing temperature, presoaking time and washing cycles. Knitted spandex/cotton fabrics had a lower angle of spirality than knitted cotton fabrics. After the first washing cycle, the angles of spirality of all the fabrics had decreased greatly. Knitted cotton fabric of low density deformed more than that of higher density. Knitted spandex/cotton. fabric of low density shrank less, because of the greater extension given during heat-set. Permanent elongation length at the 80$\%$ extension was longer than at the 50$\%$ extension, and the knitted spandex/cotton fabric which was expanded greatly during heat-set had a lower elastic recovery rate. The surface appearance of the knitted spandex/cotton fabrics was worsl~ than that of the knitted cotton fabrics before laundering and after repeated laundering, because of the much protruded cotton fibers from the yarns.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.600-607
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the path of money laundering of criminal proceeds through cryptocurrency using criminal script analysis and to devise measures to prevent and prevent criminal justice agencies from doing so. Method: Based on the results of a prior study on the profit path of cryptocurrency through money laundering and criminal cases in Korea, the path of money laundering was analyzed using criminal script techniques. Result: Most of the cryptocurrencies that have been launched are converted into criminal proceeds, which are re-launched and cashed or have a vicious cycle of being used as criminal funds are used. According to the script, the route of money laundering is mainly converted to criminal proceeds from cryptocurrency exchanges using anonymity, which is repeated several times, making it very difficult to find the money using cryptocurrency in criminal justice institutions. Conclusion: As the method of money laundering using cryptocurrency is becoming more sophisticated, legal sanctions and preventive institutionalization should be prepared for the prohibition or confiscation of cryptocurrency transactions for money laundering after understanding the flow.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 2011

The dish cloth requires antimicrobial activity for hygienic purpose. Until now, organic antimicrobial agents of low cost have been frequently used for the anitimicrobial finishing. However, a cleaner hving anitimicroial activity should be more durable considering consumers' ever-increasing expectation. In this study, the cleaner containing the bamboo fiber were finished with a formulation of a new zirconium-containing inorganic agent of zirconium phosphate and polyurethane binders. The optimum treatment condition was investigated. And its durability against repeated laundering cycles was assessed. The existence of Zr after the repeated laundering was verified and the antimicrobial effect did not decrease under 30 washing cycles.