• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.407-416
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• 2010

토양 중에 존재하는 철환원능력을 갖춘 세균은 철제유물의 부식생성물을 에너지원으로 이용할 수 있다. 이러한 세균의 활동은 부식생성물의 변화를 초래하여 유물의 부식을 촉진시키는 부식생성물의 판단을 어렵게 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 철환원세균이 부식생성물에 일으키는 변화를 조사하여, 철제유물의 부식에 관한 이해를 높이고자 한다. 실험은 출토철제유물을 재현하기 위해서 부식촉진인자 중에서 가용성염류(염화물이온, 황산이온)를 이용하여 부식시킨 철편을 준비하였다. 이 부식철편을 세균이 존재하는 배지에서 42일간 배양하였다. 실험 후, 부식철편의 부식생성물은 SEM, EDS, XRD를 이용하여 관찰, 분석을 실시하였다. 관찰결과, 부식철편이 세균의 활동으로 인해 녹색으로 변화하였으며 부식철편에 판상 결정과 마름모꼴 결정이 새롭게 생성된 사실을 알게 되었다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.539-555
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• 2008

It is well understood that developing new drugs is one of the highest value-added businesses in a country; however, the current governments' spending in pharmaceutical research and development(R&D) is minimal in Korea. This paper suggests that different governmental bodies should take in charge of different stages of the R&D process in order to maximize the use of limited government research funding. First, during the initial phase of the drug development, including clinical trials, the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology is the most appropriate governmental organization to support the research. For later procedures such as supporting the industries for exporting developed drugs, legislative approvals, and building infrastructure for future clinical trials should be supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy and the Ministry of Health and Welfare along with the Korea Food and Drug Administration(KFDA). The KFDA, which is the main governmental agency approving newly developed drugs in the market, will need to take a crucial responsibility in the initial phase of the pharmaceutical R&D by guiding the industries with timely and proper information. As a first step, it is recommended to set up and operate a center for supporting new drugs, so that the industries can facilitate the development of marketable drugs which meet customers' needs. Later, in order to expedite the process of exporting and getting approvals of the newly developed drugs from foreign countries, it is necessary to develop new approval system, which includes introduction of the Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), mandatory validation system, and education program for supporting expertise. Lastly, the KFDA needs to take an active role in developing Korean pharmaceutical industries by communicating with other foreign governments with regards to the globalization of the Korean pharmaceutical industries. For example, as a follow up after the Free Trade Agreement(FTA), active discussion on GLP of Mutual Recognition Agreement(MRA) with the United States of America, should be seriously considered.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2003

Objectives: Bok, Bcl-2-related ovarian killer, is a proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein identified in the ovary based on its dimerization with the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. The present study examined the hormonal regulation and localization of Bok messenger RNA levels in the mouse ovary during the follicle development. Methods: The animals were implanted subcutaneously with Silastic brand capsules containing the synthetic estrogen, DES at $21{\sim}23$ days of age. Ovaries were collected $1{\sim}3$ days after implantation for RNA analysis and in situ hybridization. Some mice were removed capsule for $1{\sim}2$ days to induce ovarian follicle apoptosis. Ovaries were also collected from 26 day-old immature mice at various times after treatment with 10 IU PMSG. Some mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of 10 IU hCG to induce ovulation, and ovaries were obtained at different time intervals for Northern blot and in situ hybridization analysis, respectively. Results: Treatment of immature mice with diethylstilbestrol (DES) for $24{\sim}48$ h increased ovarian Bok mRNA levels. Bok mRNA was remained the same levels in mice removed DES for $24{\sim}48$ h to induce apoptosis. High signals of Bok mRNA after DES treatment were detected in granulosa cells of early antral follicles. Treatment of immature mice with PMSG for 12 h increased markedly ovarian Bok mRNA expression which was detected mainly in preantral and atretic follicles. Interestingly, low levels of Bok mRNA were also expressed in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. Treatment of PMSGprimed mice with hCG stimulated strongly ovarian Bok mRNA expression at $6{\sim}9$ h. At that time, Bok mRNA was expressed in granulosa cells of atretic and small growing follicles. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Bok is one of proapoptotic Bcl-2 members expressed in early growing and atretic follicles during the ovarian follicular development. Gonadotropins induce a transient increase of Bok gene expression in granulosa cells of preantral and preovulatory follicles indicating some role in the ovulatory process.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2017

본 연구는 4년제 대학의 정보시스템개발 교육과정과 연관된 국가직무능력표준(National Competency Standard-NCS)에서 제시된 학습모듈을 파악하고 정보시스템개발 교육과정에 대한 NCS의 활용가능성을 분석하고자 한다. 두 전문가 그룹인 대학교수와 정보시스템개발자를 대상으로 NCS의 응용SW엔지니어링 분야에 속한 26개 능력단위의 중요도를 계층화분석과정을 통해 능력단위별로 쌍대비교 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 능력단위별 능력단위요소들에 상대적 중요도는 요구사항 확인하기, UI요구사항확인하기, 물리데이터저장소설계하기, 개발자통합테스트하기와 개발자결함조치하기로 나타났다. 둘째, 초 중급개발자 그룹은 시스템개발 이행단계에 속한 능력단위요소를 보다 중요하다고 판단하였고, 고급개발자 그룹은 이론중심의 설계와 관련 있는 능력단위요소를 중요하다고 제시하였다. 또한 교수자 그룹은 두 개발자 그룹이 각각 중요하다고 판단한 실무 및 이론적 내용 모두 중요하다고 판단하였다. 본 결과를 바탕으로 정보시스템개발 관련 직무수행역량의 함양과 교육의 질적 제고를 가져올 수 있는 교육과정 개발에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다.