• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.365-373
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• 2002

For gas turbine engines, the safe life methodology has historically been used fur fatigue life management of failure critical engine components. The safe retirement limit is necessarily determined by a conservative life evaluation procedure, thereby many components which have a long residual life are discarded. The objective of this study is to introduce the damage tolerant design concept into the life management for aircraft engine component instead of conservative fatigue life methodology which has been used for both design and maintenance. Crack growth data were collected on a nickel base superalloy which have been subjected to combined static and cyclic loading at elevated temperatures. Stress analysis fur turbine disk was carried out. The program for computing creep-fatigue crack growth was developed. The residual lifes of turbine disk component under various temperatures and conditions using creep-fatigue crack growth data were estimated. As the result of analysis, it was confirmed that retirement fur cause concept was applicable to the evaluation of residual life of retired turbine disk which had been designed based on the conventional fatigue life methodology.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1585-1593
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• 2012

Year 2010 was the first year in which the baby boomer generation began to regularly retire by the corporate retirement system. For the following 10 years from then, large scale retirement of the baby boomer generation that used to be the driving force of economic growth in Korean society is expected to cause various social problems such as reduction in labor force and economic loss from transfer to welfare subjects. In relation to reemployment of the baby boomer generation after retirement, this study was attempted first, for analysis on the difference in the course of retirement according to average monthly income and current occupation and second, with an assumption that career self efficacy will influence the course of retirement. Total of 500 surveys for this study were distributed to baby boomer generations through direct visit or mail post in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Gangwon, Chungnam, Gyeongnam, Jeonnam and Jeju for one month during January 17 and February 16, 2012. 443 surveys were returned, among which 400 effective responses were selected as study subjects. As a result, the course of retirement according to average monthly income was verified to be significant for all factors. Significant results were found for the course of retirement according to current occupation in job transfer, complete non-employment and repetitive non-employment. In relation to the effect of career self efficacy on the course of retirement, job movement factor was affected by 21%. This study will be a good guide for the establishment of a social policy and retirement life preparation of the baby boomer generation.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.129-152
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• 2006

The purpose in this study is to analyze the effect of expected public pension assets (or social security wealth) and retirement incentives on retirement behaviors of two wage earners households. For the purpose of the study, an empirical analysis was conducted. In the empirical step, it was found that the empirical results were significant for men, but not for women namely, statistically asymmetric if behaviors of two couples are interdependent. The cause for the statistically asymmetric results were then determined. The Bivariate Probit model was used for estimation in the first step and the KLIPS(Korean Labor and Income Panel Study) was used as data for estimation. According to the empirical analysis, the results showed statistically significant asymmetry for men, however not for women, in expected public pension assets and other retirement incentives, non-wage assets, age difference, spouse's health status, spouse's monthly wages per hour and aging of their spouse In this study, cause of statistically asymmetric result in asymmetric complementarities of leisure of couples were found, then explained through different methods of comparison from the most recent studies. First, spouse's cross wage elasticity of self leisure demand(retirement) was calculated and determined whether complementarities of leisure of couples is positive or negative. Then, the degree of complementarities of leisure was distinguished in comparison with the relative size of two cross elasticities. Thus, men have relatively strong complementarities of leisure. But for women, it may roughly cancel out due to the substitution effect and the income effect. Therefore, women have relatively weak complementarities of leisure.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.28-33
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate factors that affect elderly poverty based on a comprehensive and universal perspective, suggesting some alternatives for improving the poverty rate of the elderly. The comprehensive and universal approach to the poverty of the aged that this study attempts can give a better understanding of the elderly poverty beyond the contribution of the existing literature, with the research model including individual, family, labor, and income factors as the causes of old-age poverty from the comprehensive and universal perspective on the causes of poverty of the elderly. In addition, the study attempts to input variants of variables into the equation for the causes of elderly poverty by using panel data from the 8th Korean Retirement and Income Study. This study employs decision tree analysis to determine the cause of the poverty of the elderly using CHAID. The decision tree analysis shows that the most vital variable affecting elderly poverty is making income. For the poor elderly without earned income, public pensions, educational careers, and residential areas influence elderly poverty, but for the poor elderly with earned income, wage earners and gender are variables that affect poverty. This study suggests some alternatives to improve the poverty rate of the aged. The government should create a better working environment such as senior re-employment for old people to be able to participate in economic activities, improve public pension or social security for workers with unfavorable conditions for public security of old age, and give companies that create employment of the aged diverse incentives.

• The Southeast Asian review
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-123
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• 2011

Recently, Southeast Asian people, its food, natural sceneries and so on have been increasingly exposed to Korean people through mass media and multi-cultural events. At the same time, Koreans can frequently encounter Southeast Asians in their everyday lives. Thus, specific images and discourses of Southeast Asia has been established in our society, which creates a new social trend called 'Southeast Asia phenomena'. In short, 'Southeast Asia phenomena' means a totality of Korean people's experience of Southeast Asian and their perception on the region. On the one hand, 'Southeast Asia phenomena' is a result of inflow of Southeast Asians and their culture into Korea. On the other hand, it is also a consequence of Korean people's understanding of Southeast Asia from their trip to Southeast Asia or from their interactions with Southeast Asian people. This article aims to analyze the origin and diffusion of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' in Korea in the context of Southeast Asia focusing on 4 topics, that is, migrant workers, overseas investments, retirement migration, study-abroad categorized as human movement. This article is also about a country-by-country comparative analysis both at the macro level and the micro level. At the macro level, overseas investments and trade, human exchanges, positive perception to Koreans which considered to be the structural causes become a strong mechanism playing a important bridge role between Korea and Southeast Asia. So these create the high probability of the emergence of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' At the micro level which is more direct causes of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena', the economic cause is the most important common cause for 4 Southeast Asian Phenomena. Additionally, Korean wave is also remarkable common cause creating 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' even it is not the origin in the context of Southeast Asia. The diffusion of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' is different by the topics and the elements contributing to create the favorable situation for the diffusion are not only overseas investments and trade, human exchanges at the macro level but also policy elements at the micro level. The relative differences of the causes of 'Southeast Asian Phenomena' in the country-by-country analysis are found. Regarding overseas investments in Vietnam and Cambodia, the economic degree of freedom in Cambodia is higher than in Vietnam. Even Korean Wave has had the longer history in Vietnam, but the favorable perspectives on Korean Wave are stronger in Cambodia. For migrant workers from Vietnam and Indonesia, the economic causes in Vietnam are more significant than in Indonesia. The impact of Korean Wave is stronger in Vietnam than in Indonesia. In case of study-abroad, the social-cultural elements and policy elements are more diverse in Malaysia than in Korea. For the Korean retirees who immigrate to the Philippines and Malaysia, the economic causes in the Philippines is more significant in Malaysia.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.23-41
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• 2002

Ordinary, the hotel Career Development that cooks are hi red, then OJT and evaluation, disposition. It means that cook to set in order with licence and to carry-out effect But it is not continue forever about the job demand, attitude, ability of cook. The Executive Chef and depart of career development have to plan for problems now and a long time of time to cooks. Demand of cook career development are sociality and economical. Because the hotel needs a high-grade cook for keep competitive in changing surround. internal resources are more effect ive when require without delay man power than hire urgent. It is not only lack career development to cook, probably face up to retirement at one time and foment social order but also cook lose their a right to labor. Cook supports their family and grow, economic base for ethical by labor, so have to carry their point. In addition the domestic five stars hotel's career development structure are very simple and infirm, so it cause stagnation to position, lead to negative vision and show a drop in efficiency. Therefore the hotel must investment about Career Development.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.42
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• pp.87-113
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• 2015

This research study aims to analyze the process, you may encounter in the process of re-socialization through desocialization cause and the preparation of a study on private security agents desocialization and re-socialization of private security guards. In order to achieve the objectives of this study served as a private security agents who ride a moderator after desocialization to conduct in-depth interviews aimed at seven subjects experienced a re-evaluation of the socialization another chapter of the study, data analysis and content analysis coming from d derived through the following results: First, private security agents became the de-socialization due to various factors, different for each individual. In other words, the vision for the low-paid and insecure jobs, and excessive work environment and poor welfare was the main cause. Second, the preparation period of private security agents were called desocialization appropriate time before and after 40 business nature. That is, when considering the physical changes and their ability to work Mangan expenses that require expertise that can be interpreted in the context affordable. Third, private security agents were experiencing anxiety and duryeomum for the new job, rather than sinking feeling regret after retirement, showed that receive help for families and the surrounding communities to adapt and re-socialization through communication with people. There were also shown the safety and satisfaction of the new job and re-socialization experience to adapt to society looking for a new job.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.83-89
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• 2023

Purpose: Research on spin-off and treasury stock is necessary because the market has realized that this can be utilized for major shareholder private interest. Considering the unique characteristic of a spin-off and treasury stock in the Korean stock market, this study contributes to the literature by examining the effects on shareholder value in the Korean distribution industry. Research design, data, and methodology: The present study investigates literature, analyst reports, and news articles to examine the spin-off process and analyze how treasury stock magic happens. Results: Setting the exchange ratio favoring Spin-Co in the spin-off is the leading cause for reducing the minor shareholders' value. Moreover, treating treasury stock as an asset is also problematic, allowing the allocation of Spin-Co shares. This leads to an increase in the major shareholder controls of Spin-Co without any contribution from the major shareholders. Therefore, the exchange ratio should be calculated reasonably, and treasury stock from the stock repurchase should be treated as stock retirement. Conclusion: By analyzing the spin-off and how treasury stock magic occurs, this study provides recommendations to improve shareholder value. Moreover, it contributes to the maturation of the Korean capital market by promoting a discussion on the revision of spin-off and treasury stock.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 1986

We got the following results from the 324 radiologic technologists as we surveyed their working condition by using the questionaire, who were working in the medical institutions (general hospitals and doctor's clinics) situated in the area of Seoul city, Kyung ki-do and Chung-chong-do since June to December 1985. 1. Their daily average working time was almost within 10 hours (in 93.9% of general hospitals, 66.1% of clinics). 2. About the numbers of holidays, 85.5% of general hospitals have one holiday per week,41.3% of clinics have one holiday per week or 38.5% of clinics have one holiday per two weeks. 3. Duty appointment of radiologic technologists in the department of radiology is taking charge of each part after serving for a certain part for some period (42.8%), taking charge of the special part continually or by turns in other working parts (35.3%). On the other hand in the clinics they took charge of all parts continually (53.2%) or by turns with their own situations. (30.3%). 4. Their daily working amount is too much in 51.6% of general hospitals or 45.8% of clinics. 5. They answered it was hard in 81.4% of general hospitals or 43.1% of clinics about the degree of difficulty of their work. 6. Their monthly salary is higher in the clinics than in the general hospitals and higher in Seoul area than in Kyung-ki or Chung-chong area. 7. Their yearly bonus .ate is 400%-600% (69.2%) in almost general hospitals, 100%-300% (57.8%) in th. clinics. 8. Danger allowance is paid with the monthly salary in 62.8% of the general hospitals or 19.2% of clinics and license allowance is paid in 44.7% of general hospitals or in 12.8% of clinics. 9. Their initial salary (except bonus) is about 200,000 won (in 76.8% of general hospitals, in 67.8% of clinics). 10. Their salary is raised regulary every year in 52.6% of general hospitals, but it is irregulary in 73.4% of clinics. 11. Promotion system is managed in 48.4% of the general hospitals or in 14.7% of clinics. 12. Retirement allowance is assured in 96.9% of the general hospitals or in 63.3% of clinics. 13. Main cause of their retirement is moving to more paid hospitals, better hospitals in working condition or facilities, moving to another cities, to the hospitals with more opportunities of promotion or choosing other jobs etc. 14. Human relationship with doctors, nurses or co-worker technologists as a member of medical team appeared almost intimate and good.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 1990

This research was to investigate and study on 92 Dental Technicians who had had some experience of working or being employed at dental craft-shops or craft-rooms in Seoul area and had transferred to other types of occupation, with regard to their reasons for changing their profession. For an approach to the study, some questionnaires and interview including 3 aspects of in quiriesmental, economic and social backgrounds-were administered, and major findings are as follows ; 1. The ages in which transferring to other kinds of job happened occurred mostly from 20 to 30(78.26%) an a group of subjects whose ages ranged from 20 to 30 years old. And, with regard to their experience of working or being employed at dental craft-shops or craftrooms, the transfer of their profession to the other kinds mosty happened in a group of subjects(94.56%) whose experience of working in the dental field is less than 4 years. 2. The reason of transfer with reference to the mental background was mostly mattered in a group that expressed "Excessive Work Duties"(34.78%), and most lowly mattered in a group of subjets who had "Certain Relations with Dentists"(8.70%). Thus, it appeared that the biggest reason of transfer by the mental background was, due to the excessive duty work, not to have Sufficient time to be usualized by dental technicians for their own purpose. 3. With reference to the economical background, a group that declared there was "No Wage Standards in Ratio to Their Labor" was the most in the separation rate as shown 45.56%. And, a group suspecting "No Guarantee for Their Living after Retirement" Showed a separation rate, 9.78%. In other words, the reason for transfer was that they did not receive due wage according to their amount of labor. 4. With reference to the social background, a group making a subject for no good working environments or conditions had a separation rate, 41.30%, which was the most among others, and a group with a subject of "The Rarity of Employment because of Excessive Supply of Dental Technicians" had the rate, 10.87%, which was the lowest. This meant that the major cause of transfer by the social background was a phenomenon for dental technicans to escape from unclean working places.