• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.114-133
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effects of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma and Row Rhei Rhizoma on varied extract time in both endotoxin-induced blood stasis model(hereafter Endotoxin Model) and hydrocortisone acetate-induced blood stasis model (hereafter HA Model), Half of rats were treated with endotoxin(0.4mg/kg, single Ⅳ, into caudal vein) for Endotoxin Model. Thereafter, they were orally administrated water extract of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma or Row Rhei Rhizoma, which were boiled during 30, 60, 120 minute, respectively. Finally, the number of platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, hematocrit, the number of RBC and WBC were measured after sacrifice. The remainder rats were treated with hydrocortisone acetate(10mg/kg, daily IM for 7 days into the muscular rump) for HA significantly decreased. Together, they were orally administrated for 7 days water extract of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma or Row Rhei Rhizoma that were boiled above methods Finally, the number of platelet, fibrinogen, prothrombin time, hematocrit, the number of RBC and WBC were measured after sacrifice. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The number of platelet was significantly increased in boiled water extract for 30 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in Endotoxin Model. 2. Fibrinogen level was significantly increased in all administration groups as compared with that of control group in Endotoxin Model. It was significantly increased in all administration groups except boiled water extract for 30 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in HA Model. 3. Prothrombin time was significantly shortened in boiled water extract for 60 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 120 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in Endotoxin Model It was significantly shortened all administration groups as compared with that of control group in HA Model. 4 Hematocrit was significantly increased in all administered groups except boiled water extract for 60 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 30 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in Endotoxin Model. It was significantly increased in all administration groups as compared with that of control group in HA Model. 5. The number of RBC was significantly decreased in boiled water extract for 60 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group, boiled water extract for 120 min of Alcohol -Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 30 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma administered group in Endotoxin Model. It was significantly increased boiled water extract for 30 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 60 min of Row Rhei Rhizoma group in HA Model as compared with data of control group. 6 The number of WBC was significantly decreased in all administered groups except boiled water extract for 30 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group and boiled water extract for 60 min of Alcohol-Steamed Rhei Rhizoma group as compared with that of control group in HA Model.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.553-574
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out effects of prescriptions according to the formula, manipulation of Rhei Rhizoma, configuration. The following results were reached through investigations on the prescriptions using Rhei Rhizoma as a main component. Objectives : Analysis of prescriptions According to the formula : Liquid Extract Prescriptions were used widely on three parts to treat fever and damp heat in the interior organs. Powder Prescriptions were taken with hot water, thin porridge, tea etc. to treat damp heat, congestion of phlegm, acute episodes. Liquid Mixed Pill treat congestion of QI, damp heat, phlegm. Honey Mixed Pill treat accumulated fever, distension, acute excessive fever. Paste Pill treat blood stagnation, excessive toxic-fever, epidemic diseases. External Application treat inflammation by injury, swelling due to severe fever by internal damage. Methods : Analysis of prescriptions According to the manipulation of Rhei Rhizoma : Prescriptions including Liquor processed Rhei Rhizoma treat excessive toxic-fever, congestion of phlegm, blocking orifices on the upper side. Steamed Rhei Rhizoma strengthen effects of making evacuate and cooling of heat. Processed Rhei Rhizoma with vinegar strengthen effects of removing blood stagnation by activating blood movement, releasing gathering. Results : Analysis of prescriptions According to the Composition of Rhei Rhizoma : 41% of the total prescriptions were on the area of less than 20%. In case of lower groups show increased frequency of combination with Pharbitidis Semen, Persicae Semen, Scutellariae Radix and manipulation of baking, steaming, roasting. In case of higher groups show increased frequency of treating excess syndrome, critical illness, acute severe illness, and using proccesed Rhei Rhizoma with vinegar. Treatment of damp heat on the liver and gallbladder, disorder of the spleen and stomach is done mostly by prescriptions on the area of less than 30%. Conclusions : Rhei Rhizoma-Coptidis Rhizoma pair treat damp heat, heat toxins in blood, and Constipation caused by excessive heat. Rhei Rhizoma-Glycyrrhizae Radix pair relieve effects of Rhei Rhizoma passing blocked feces, removing the poison, activating blood movement, releasing gathering with the effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix relaxing tension by harmonizing Middle. Rhei Rhizoma-Magnoliae Cortex pair are used to treat damp heat in middle area, excessive heat in the stomach and intestine. Rhei Rhizoma-Pharbitidis Semen pair act on both blood system and QI system treating edema, damp, stagnation, heat toxins, feces. Rhei Rhizoma-Persicae Semen pair treat blood stagnation with fever on blood system.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2003

Pancreatic lipase-inhibitory activity of the rhizome of Rhei Rhizoma and its antihyperlipidemic activity were measured. Rhei Rhizoma inhibited pancreatic lipase with $IC_{50}$ value of 6.5 mg/ml (triolein as a substrate). Rhei Rhizoma significantly inhibited serum TG level in corn oil feeding-induced mice, and serum TG and cholesterol in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic mice. However, Rhei Rhizoma did not show the hypolipidemic activity in high cholesterol diet-induced hyperlipidemic mice. When in vitro pancreatic lipase-inhibitory and in vivo antihyperlipidemic activities of Whangryunhaedoktang (WT) and Chunghyuldan (CD), which is consisted of ingredients of WT and Rhei Rhizoma, were measured, CD exhibited more potent inhibitory activities than WT. Therefore these results suggest that antihyperlipidemic activity of Rhei Rhizoma and CD may be more or less originated from the inhibition of pancreatic lipase.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.3 s.39
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• pp.87-93
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• 1999

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze scientifically the purgative action of Chungpesagan-tang, which was widely used for stroke In Oriental Medicine. Methods: The contents of sennoside A on the water-extraction of Rhei Rhizoma, the transforming activity of sennoside A to rheinanthrone by human intestinal bacteria, and the anti-costive activity of Chungpesagan-tang, Rhei Rhizoma and Yuldahanso-tang on mice were investigated. Results: Rhei Rhizoma (Rheum palmatum, from China) had dose-dependent potent purgative action. Chungpesagan-tang containing this Rhei Rhizoma had more potent purgative action than Rhei Rhizoma only. However, Korean cultivated Rhei Rhizoma (Rheum undulatum) and Chungpesagan-tang containing this Korean cultivated Rhei Rhizoma had no purgative action. Conclusions: These results suggest that Chungpesagan-tang polyprescription should be considered to enhance the purgative action of Rhei Rhizoma.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.247-261
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• 2006

In oriental medicine, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma & Gardeniae Fructus are frequently used materials for anti-inflammatory effect especially urinary tract disease and for neuropsychosis. Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) is widely used for clinical herbal prescription book. In Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(방약합편), Rhei Radix et Rhizoma is used 0.8g~16g. and Gardeniae Fructus is used 1.2g~6g. The most important fact is that the prescriptions used Rhei Radix et Rhizoma & Gardeniae Fructus at the same time are 4(Yang-Gyuk-San, Pal-Jung-San, Sa-Chung-Hwan, Suk-Gyul-Myung-San. The ratio of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma & Gardeniae Fructus are 2:1, 1:1, 1:1, 1:2 ). The number of prescription Rhei Radix et Rhizoma & Gardeniae Fructus in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is total 45. 1 in sang-tong(上統), 5 in jung-tong(中統), 39 in ha-tong(下統). The group of mostly used disease is about urinary tract. The ratio of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun is 3.33%~57.14%. And the ratio of Gardeniae Fructus is 3.47%~98%. The mostly quoted medical literature what prescription included Rhei Radix et Rhizoma & Gardeniae Fructus in Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun are Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam and Man-byung-hoe-chun.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.161-164
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• 2000

Herbal medicinal interaction on the purgative action of Chungpesagan-tang, which is one of the traditional Korean medical prescriptions that has been most frequently used for stroke was investigated. Chungpesagan-tang had more potent purgative activity than Rhei Rhizoma alone. When each Chungpesagan-tang composing herbal medicine with Rhei Rhizoma was extracted with water, water extract of Raphani Semen with Rhei Rhizoma had the most potent purgative activity. However, Raphani Semen had not purgative activity. When Rhei Rhizoma with Raphani Semen was extracted, sennoside A content in the water extract was increased. The transformation of sennoside A of Rhei Rhizoma to rheinanthrone by human intestinal microflora was weakly induced by Raphani Semen. These results suggest that the purgative action of Chungpesagan-tang could be controlled by the addition and subtraction of Chungpesagan-tang-composing herbal medicines.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2008

Three species, such as Rheum palmatum L., R. tanguticum Maxim. and R. officinale Baillon are recognized as the source plants of Rhei Rhizoma in Korean Pharmacopeia. However, other herbal sources such as R. undulatum L. and Rumex crispus L. have been often misused as Rhei Rhizoma. A pattern analysis method to discriminate Rhei Rhizoma in Korean Pharmacopeia from other herbal plants using HPLC and TLC chromatograms was developed. The multivariate peak data of the chromatograms of methanol extracts of Rhei Rhizoma were used for hierarchical clustering analysis, principal components analysis and similarity calculation. Besides of the statistic analysis, TLC patterns of samples could be used as criteria of the discrimination. The developed pattern analysis method was specific and could be readily utilized for comprehensive evaluation of Rhei Rhizoma.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.115-120
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• 2009

Objectives : Due to the morphological similarity and frequent occurrence of intermediate forms as well as morphological variations of aerial part, the correct identification between Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma is very difficult. To develop a reliable method for correct identification and improving the quality standards of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma, we analyzed RAPD and developed SCAR marker. Methods : To amplify target DNA at the genomic level, 32 Operon 10-mer random primers were applied with four Rheum species, R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. undulatum. The nucleotide sequences were determined and species-specific primers were prepared depending on the species-specific RAPD amplicons after subcloned into the pGEM-Teasy vector. To develop the SCAR markers, species-specific PCR amplification and multiplex-PCR were carried out using the single species-specific primer pairs and combinations of them, respectively. Results : We used RAPD analysis of four Rheum plant species to obtain several species-specific RAPD amplicons. From nucleotide sequences of these RAPD amplicons, we developed two SCAR markers that amplified 314 bp and 390 bp DNA fragments in only R. undulatum but not in R. officinale, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. undulatum, for distinguishing Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. Furthermore, we established SCAR markers for the simultaneous discrimination of the three species within a single reaction by using multiplex-PCR. Conclusions : These genetic markers can be used for the efficient discrimination of plants species and commercial herbal medicines between Rhei Undulatai Rhizoma and Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, to ultimately prevent indiscriminate distribution and prescription of these herbal medicines.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.91-102
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• 2003

The Effects and processing methods of Rhei Rhizoma from Donguibogam and Chejungsinpyeon were studied, Through the study, we found 21 kinds of processing method of Rhei Rhizoma in Donguibogam and Chejungsinpyeon, Processing methods used in Donguibogam and Chejungsinpyeon were effective from reducing side effects of Rhei Rhizoma, and were safe in clinical application, the aims of processing methods of Rhie Rhizoma were safer application by reducing poisonous character, and increase the range of clinical application by useing 21 kinds of processing methods.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.186-189
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• 1999

To analyze scientifically the fundamental formulation theory and drug interaction on the purgative action of Chungpesagan-tang, which is one of the traditional Korean medical prescriptions that has been most frequently used for stroke, water extracts of herbal medicines with Rhei Rhizoma were administered into mice and the purgative action was measured. Water extracts of Raphani Semen or Cimicifugae Rhizoma with Rhei Rhizoma had more potent purgative activity than Rhei Rhizoma alone, although Raphani Semen alone displayed no purgative action. However, Platycodi Radix and Puerariae Radix inhibited the purgative action of Rhei Rhizoma. When Rhei Rhizoma with Raphani Semen or Cimicifugae Radix was extracted with water, sennoside A content in the water extract was increased. However, Puerariae Radix and Platycodi Radix decreased the content of sennoside A in the extracted water. The transforming rate of sennoside A of Rhei Rhizoma was inhibited by Puerariae Radix and Platycodi Radix. The transforming rate of sennoside A of Chungpesagan-tang to rheinan-throne by human intestinal microflora and its purgative activity were similar to those of Rhei Rhizoma. Finally we thought that the purgative action of Chungpesagan-tang could be controlled by the addition and subtraction of Chungpesagan-tang-composing herbal medicines.