• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.65-74
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• 1985

Aspergillus niger IMI 41873 was cultured by the method of synchronous and submerged culture. Its sporulation occurred in the culture. Ribonucleic acids were extracted at each stage of life cycle. These RNAs were digested, separated and determined by P.E.I. cellulose TLC and HPLC methods. The levels of ribonucleic acids in sporulating mycelia were higher than those of conidiophore and phialide forming mycelia. Inosine 5-monophosphate and adenosine 5-monophosphate derivatives were found in HPLC separations. The levels of inosine 5-monophosphate and adenosine 5-monophosphate derivatives per ribonucleic acid were constant through differentiation. After the standard purine necleosides and boiling water extracts from A. bisporus, F. velutipes and L. edodes were added into the culture, their effects on sporulation were examined. Sporulation was greatly enhanced in each adding experiment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.111-116
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• 1984

Ribonucleic acid contents and mononucleotides distribution from the mycelium and fruit bodies of Ganoderma lucidum were studied. P.E.I. cellulose TLC and HPLC were applied in this study. The obtained results are as follows; The levels of ribonucleic acids from the young basidiocarp mycelium were higher than those of mature basidiocarp. Guanosine 5'-monophosphate and xanthosine 5'-monophosphate were found in both young basidiocarp mycelium and mature basidiocarp. The levels of guanosine 5'-monophosphate and xanthosine 5'-monophosphate from the young basidiocarp were higher than those of the mature basidiocarp. However, inosine 5'-mono­phosphate was not detected.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Nucleic scids transfer the genetic information for serving a central biological purpose. The nucleic acids are polymers of nucleotides and they are mainly ribonucleic acid(RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA). The nucleotides are stoichiometrically composed of five-carbon sugars, nitrogeneous bases, and phosphoric acids. The chemistry of nucleic acids and characteristics of different genomes are decribed for further study. Most of DNA genomes tend to be circular including bacterial genomes and eukaryotic mitochondrial DNA. Eukaryotic chromosomes in cells, in contrast, are generally linear. The ends of linear chromosomes are called telomeres. The genomes of different species, such as mammals, plants, invertebrates can be compared with the chromosome ends. The telomeric complex allows cells to distinguish the random DNA breaks and natural chromosomal ends. The very ends of chromosomes cannot be replicated by any ordinary mechanisms. The shortening of telomeric DNA templates in semiconservative replication is occurred with each cell division. The short telomere length is critically related to aging, tumors and dieases.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.4-9
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• 1957

Effects of antibioties on micro-organism have been reported by many scientists, such as Krampitz and Werkman, Fisher, Gale and Rodwell, Klimick Cavalito and Bailey, Umbreit, etc. On the mechanism by which penicillin act, Fisher(1947), Platt(1947), and Cavallito, considered that penicillin might act on bacteria by inhibiting with the normal function of SH-group of glutathione in the metabolism of the cell. Resenbrance of penicillin to gultathione in structure and the inactivation of penicillin by cysteine make us approve of the above inhibiting theory of SH-group. Galland (1947) and Schmidt (1947) reported that penicillin inhibited the activity of ribonuclease, Phosphatase, and mononucleotidase. Gale (1948) discovered that the gram positive bacteria had lost the power to uptake glutamic acid by ribonucleic acid in the medium contained penicillin: growth of gram positive organism was inhibited by the results that penicillin inhibited the uptake of amino acid byribonucleic acid, acting on ribonucleic acid of gram positive bacteria. Hotchkiss (1950) cultured S. aureus in the medium contained glucose and amino acids, and studied the effect of penicillin on protein synthesis. Peptide formation in living cells was inhibited by penicillin, while amono acid was utilized as before the addition of penicillin. On the otherhand, Binkley (1951) found penicillin interfered hydrolase of glutath one, and Hans (1950) reported penicillin inhibited the transpeptidation. On the machanism by which streptomycin acts. Cohen (1947) reported steptomycin made a irreversible complex with desoxyribonucleic acid, by the fact that desoxyribonucleic acid formed the precipitates with diguanide group of steptomycin. Zeller (1951) reported, on the other hand, streptomycin inhibited diamine oxidease. Geiger (1947) and Umbreit (1949) reported that steptomycin inhibited condensation of oxaloacetate and pyruvate in E. Coli and Oginsky et al (1949) reported steptomycin inhibited oxaloacetate-pyruvate reaction in Kreb's cycle. On the mechanism by which terramycin acts, Hahn & Wisseman (1951) reported that the formation of adaptive enzyme was inhibited by terramycin in E. Coli cultivated in the medium contained loctose, and that the protein synthesis was inhibited by terramycin. However, effects of antibiotics on amino acid metabolism have not been discussed much in spite of its important role in living cells. Especislly, effects of anitibiotics on higher plants have scarcely been reported. Here, to prove the effect of antibiotics on higher plants, and the mechanism by which, through amino acid metabolism, they promote or inhibit growth of plants, amino acids in bean plants treated with penicillin, streptomycin, and terramycin were analyzed by paper chromatography. And to clarify the antagonis of cysteine (as SH-group) against penicillin, through amino acid metabolism, amino acids in bean plants treated with cystene and penicillin, at the same time, were also analyzed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.280-282
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• 2005

A ribonucleic acid (RNA) is one of the two types of nucleic acids found in living organisms. An RNA molecule represents a long chain of monomers called nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides of an RNA molecule constitutes its primary structure, and the pattern of pairing between nucleotides determines the secondary structure of an RNA. Non-coding RNA genes produce transcripts that exert their function without ever producing proteins. Predicting the secondary structure of non-coding RNAs is very important for understanding their functions. We focus on Nussinov's algorithm as useful techniques for predicting RNA secondary structures. We introduce a new traceback matrix and scoring table to improve above algorithm. And the improved algorithm provides better levels of performance than the originals.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.219-222
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• 1988

Degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) and ribonucleic acid(RNA) by cell-free extract of mixed rumen protozoa of buffalo rumen was investigated. DNA was observed to be degraded rapidly during an initial incubation period of 2 hr with simultaneous appearance of degradation products. RNA on the other hand recorded a rapid degradation during an initial incubation period of 1 hr. RNA degradation products appeared upto an incubation period of 2 hr. DNA was observed to degrade into oligo- and mononucleotides. pyrimidine nucleosides, purine nucleoside adenosine and bases xanthine, hypoxanthine and thymine. Degradation products of RNA comprised of pyrimidine nucleosides, purine nucleoside, adenosine and bases xanthine, hypoxanthine and uracil besides oligo- and mononucleotides.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2023

Micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) can regulate the protein expression levels of genes in the human body and have recently been reported to be closely related to the cause of disease. Determining the genes related to miRNAs will aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying complex miRNAs. However, the identification of miRNA-related genes through wet experiments (in vivo, traditional methods are time- and cost-consuming). To overcome these problems, recent studies have investigated the prediction of miRNA relevance using deep learning models. This study presents a method for predicting the relationships between miRNAs and genes. First, we reconstruct a negative dataset using the proposed method. We then extracted the feature using an autoencoder, after which the feature vector was concatenated with the original data. Thereafter, the concatenated data were used to train a long short-term memory model. Our model exhibited an area under the curve of 0.9609, outperforming previously reported models trained using the same dataset.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.15-18
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• 2005

A ribonucleic acid (RNA) is one of the two types of nucleic acids found in living organisms. An RNA molecule represents a long chain of monomers called nucleotides. The sequence of nucleotides of an RNA molecule constitutes its primary structure, and the pattern of pairing between nucleotides determines the secondary structure of an RNA. Non-coding RNA genes produce transcripts that exert their function without ever producing proteins. Predicting the secondary structure of non-coding RNAs is very important for understanding their functions. We focus on Nussinov's algorithm as useful techniques for predicting RNA secondary structures. We introduce a new traceback matrix and scoring table to improve above algorithm. And the improved prediction algorithm provides better levels of performance than the originals.

• Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 1987

Low molecular weight plant ribonucleic acids including potato spindle tuber viroid(PSTV) RNA were electrophoresed in 0M to 8M urea-gradient polyacrylamide gels. The electrophoresis was carried on in a urea - gradient gel system with 1/40 and 1/10 dilution of TBE buffer at three different temperatures, $17^{\circ}C,\;37^{\circ}C\;and\;57^{\circ}C$. The most effective separation of PSTV - RNA molecules into circular and linear forms was achieved at the highly denaturing temperature of $57^{\circ}C$ and at 1/40 dilution of TBE buffer. The electrophoretic mobility of the denatured circular viroid-RNA molecules is dependent mainly on the concentration of urea. In addition, a low concentration of TBE buffer would increase the separation distance between the circular and linear forms of PSTV-RNA molecules in the denaturing urea-gradient gel system

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.190-195
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• 2004

The anticancer potency of the ethanolic extract of Terminalia arjuna on N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar albino rats was studied. Single intraperitoneal injection of DEN was administrated to induce liver cancer. After two weeks, phenobarbital (PB) was given orally for fourteen weeks to promote the cancer. The cancer bearing animals treated with ethanolic extract of T.arjuna (400 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Nucleic acids such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) were estimated in liver and kidney of control and experimental animals. Certain marker enzymes viz, alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 5'-nucleotidase (5'ND) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in serum, liver and kidney of control and experimental animals. The levels of DNA and RNA were significantly increased in cancer bearing animals. The activities of ALT, AST, ACP, ALP, 5'ND, and LDH were significantly (P<0.001) increased in serum of cancer bearing animals. On the other hand, the levels of ALT, AST were decreased (P<0.001) and ACP, ALP, 5'ND, and LDH were significantly increased (P<0.001) in liver and kidney. These changes were reversed to near normal in drug treated animals. These observations suggest that the ethanolic extract of T.arjuna possess anticancer activity.