• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.92-99
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• 2010

This study aimed to provide empirical evidence about expert performance approach in aviation field and the results suggested that the amount of experience(e.g. total flight hour) is necessary but not sufficient index of a pilot's expertise or superior performance. 43 pilots participated and completed a spatial span task and SA (situation awareness) tasks. To explore the factors predicting the performance in routine and non-routine situations, discriminant analysis was conducted. The results of discriminant analysis indicated that different variables are related with the performance in routine and non-routine situation. The factors predicting performance in routine situation were the spatial span scores and total flight hours. On the other hand, the factors predicting performance in non-routine situation were age and the qualification for instrument flying. In real world, total flight time which represents the quantity of experience has been frequently used to predict flight abilities and as an important index of expertise. The results of this study suggest that these kinds of factors have to be used cautiously to predict the performance in abnormal situation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.42-55
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to identify expertise in ait traffic control by using cognitive skill analysis for novices and experts in routine and non-routine situations. The result of study was to understand expertise in air traffic control tasks in terms of what cognitive processes are responsible for the expert's high performance levels. The problem solving task was difficult for novices, but performed relatively automatically by experts in a routine situation. The difficulty could indicate the presence of controlled processing. Rather than rules and strategies, novices focused more on environmental factors, which merely increase cognitive load. In a non-routine situation, novices showed that they did not categorize the information consistently and alternative resources were not available for them. Experts, however, performed automatically a task by arranging and organizing information related to problem solving components in contexts without regard to a routine and non-routine situation. Especially experts developed a stable representation and directed alternative resources for air traffic flow and efficiency. Based on the results, cognitive processes of experts could be useful to understand expert performance and analyze the learning process, which imply the necessity of developing expertise systematically.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1986.10a
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• pp.5-8
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• 1986

The simulation algorithm for all kinds of robots with arbitrary degrees of freedom which are combined with revolute joints or prismatic joints, or combinations was studied and implemented. This simulation package is composed of trajectory planning routine, control routine, kinematics routine using Newton-Raphson method, dynamics based on Newton-Euler method with four-bar linkage analysis, input routine and output routine.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-134
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• 2005

This paper examines high school English textbooks to ascertain if they appropriately reflect the kinds and frequencies of routine formulas and downgraders of request act used by English native speakers. It is important to present authentic routine formulas in textbooks for students to acquire proper, efficient and safe communication strategies to communicate with other English speakers. For the analysis, currently available 7 series of 21 high school English textbooks under the $7^{th}$ National Curriculum were selected. Each series of textbooks contains 3 school grade textbooks as High School English, High School English I, and High School English II. The results show that the high school English textbooks generally demonstrate a secund reflection of the English native speakers' use of request strategies and downgraders. That is, the textbooks were found to have presented mostly casual forms of routine formulas while they have not presented sufficient coverage of elaborated polite routine formulas for requesting which English native speakers frequently use. The presence of some kinds of the frequently used downgraders was also very small in proportion in the textbooks. More effort should be given to complement the deficiency in this area by teachers and researchers.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.177-200
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• 2007

The language socialization approach states that novices are socialized into cultural norms through participating in routine, repeated interactional acts and sequences (e.g., Ochs & Schieffelin, 1984; Ochs, 1988; Schieffelin & Ochs, 1986a; 1986b; Watson-Gegeo & Gegeo, 1986). One of the cultural norms or dominant epistemological orientations in American culture is the tendency to avoid the overt display of power asymmetry in novice-expert relationship (Ochs & Schieffelin, 1984). This study examines how this cultural preference is reflected and encoded in ESL teachers' use of routine discourse patterns in corrective sequences. Eight hours of ESL classes taught by three Caucasian teachers born and educated in the U.S. were analyzed for the study. The analysis showed that the cultural tendency in question is keyed and indexed in the teacher's routine corrective discourse patterns in the form of various questioning, elicitation, and mitigation practices. Findings support that teachers' routine classroom discourse practices represent their cultural ideologies and transfer these cultural predispositions to second language learners and that they possibly socialize the learners into the target language-oriented beliefs.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.261-265
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• 2003

Near-infrared (NIR) system was used to determine rapidly and simply indomethacin in buffer solution for a dissolution test of tablets and capsules. Indomethacin standards were prepared ranging from 10 to 50 ppm using the mixture of phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and water (1 : 4). The near-infrared (NIR) transmittance spectra of indomethacin standard solutions were collected by using a quartz cell in 1 mm and 2 mm pathlength. Partial least square regression (PLSR) was explored to develop calibration models over the spectral range 1100∼1700 nm. The model using 1 mm quartz cell was better than that using 2 mm quartz cell. The PLSR models developed gave standard error of prediction (SEP) of 0.858 ppm. In order to validate the developed calibration model, routine analysis was performed using another standard solutions. The NIR routine analysis showed good correlation with actual values. Standard error of prediction (SEP) is 1.414 ppm for 7 indomethacin samples in routine analysis and its error was permeable in the regulation of Korean Pharmacopoeia (VII). These results show the potential use of the real time monitoring for indomethacin during a dissolution test.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.837-848
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• 2012

This study evaluated the types of daily routines that occurred in child care centers based on four general categorizations: time spent on indoor free choice activities, outdoor activities, group activities and special activities. In addition, resulting child care teacher behaviors were examined based on daily routine types. A total 23 classes' activity times and teacher behaviors were observed. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, hierarchical cluster, and Mann-Whitney U. Results indicated that there were 2 principle daily routine, 'indoor/outdoor activity time oriented' and 'group activity time oriented'. Analysis showed that teachers who belonged to the 'indoor/outdoor activity time oriented' type showed more positive affect, positive guidance, neural guidance, and less non-involved behavior. Results suggest the importance of time spent on free choice activities in the context of daily routine for quality childcare.

• Korean Journal of Family Welfare
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.549-573
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine main variables of dysfunctional communication, which worsen marital conflicts in terms of marital interaction and to clarify the relative effects of such variables. The subjects were 295 married males and females, and collected data were analyzed using SPSS WIN 23.0 program. The main findings are as follows : First, the tendencies of related variables showed that the levels of spouses' perspective taking and routine marital responsiveness were higher for both males and females, while the levels of irrational belief for marital relations and dysfunctional communication were low. Second, an analysis of spouses' perspective taking, routine marital responsiveness, irrational belief in marital relations and correlations of dysfunctional communication showed that spouses' perspective taking and routine marital responsiveness for both males and females have negative correlations with dysfunctional communication. The higher spouses' perspective taking and routine marital responsiveness, the lower the level of irrational belief related to marital relations and the lower the level of dysfunctional communication. This study clarifies that spouses' perspective taking, routine marital responsiveness and irrational faith for marital relations influence marital dysfuctional communication and has an implication, in that the findings can be used as basic data for seeking methods to solve problems of couples who experience conflicts derived from dysfunctional communication.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1986

This study is concerned on computerized analysis of COG, torques and EMG amplitudes in weight-lifting motion. The results show that; (1) torques on major joints show a rather consistent relationship with respect to the sequence of four distinct motions in weight-lifting, (2) analysis of EMG amplitudes is a sensitive measure of both athlete's skill and his potential capability, and (3) range of COG variations can be used as indicator of motion stability, existence of undesirable posture, and target muscle for intensive training. A computerized routine, which includes analyses on COG, EMG and torque, is a scientific tool for coaching athletes. In addition, an Expert System which includes CAD routine was developed in order to promote better understanding for athletes and coaches.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2024

PSM(process safety management), introduced for the purpose of managing complex chemical processes, has contributed to the prevention of chemical accidents, but has recently revealed its limitations. Recently, major industrial accidents have increased, and in particular, Serious Industrial Accidents have increased rapidly in non-routine works since 2020. It is time for an effective PSM operation plan. This study examined that FRAM can be effectively used in the PSM operation process by using FRAM (Functional Resonance Analysis Method), a useful technique for understanding and predicting human error and accident occurrence processes by modeling nonlinear and complex interactions, to analyze accident cases that occurred in non-routine works, and to further analyze the process of performing general PSM non-routine works.