• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.569-578
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• 2001

The purpose of the present study was to examine the functional recovery of the crushed sciatic nerve of rats after low-power laser irradiation applied to the corresponding segments of the spinal cord. After a crushed injury on the left sciatic nerve in rats. low-power laser irradiation was applied transcutaneously to corresponding segments of the spinal cord immediately after suture the wound by using 2000 mW, 2000Hz, 830 nm CaAIAs(Gallium-aluminum-arsenide) semiconductor diode laser. The laser treatment was performed with 10 minutes daily for 4 successive weeks. Functional recovery was evaluated per weekly following injury by sciatic function index(SFI),using data obtained by walking track analysis. For four weeks after crush injury, experimental group had significantly greater functional improvement than control group(${\alpha}$=0.05). In a experimental group, SFI was significantly increased for three weeks, but control group not increased for two weeks. This study suggests that low-power laser irradiation applied directly to the spinal cord can improve functional recovery of the crushed sciatic nerve in rats.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.556-563
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• 2008

Peripheral nerve injuries are a commonly encountered clinical problem and often result in a chronic pain and severe functional deficits. The expression of c-Fos is sometimes used as a marker of increased neuronal activity. We have prepared the aqueous extract of amygdalin from Armeniacae semen for pain control. In the present study, we investigated the effects of amygdalin on the recovery rate of the locomotor function and on the expression of c-Fos in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) region following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Walking track analysis for the evaluation of functional recovery and immunohistochemistry for the c-Fos expression were used in this study. In the present results, characteristic gait change with dropping of the sciatic function index (SFI) was observed and c-Fos expression in the vlPAG was suppressed following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats. Amygdalin enhanced SFI value and restored c-Fos expression in the vlPAG to the control value. The present our study indicated that amygdalin activates neurons in the vlPAG, and it facilitates functional recovery following peripheral nerve injury.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.125-142
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• 2011

Objectives : Peripheral nerve injuries are commonly encountered clinical problems and often result in severe functional deficits. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract on functional recovery and pain release in the sciatic nerve after crushed sciatic nerve injury in rats. Methods : 1. Sciatic functional index(SFI) were performed on functional recovery. 2. c-Fos immunohistochemistry were performed on c-Fos expressions in the paraventricular nucleus(PVN) and ventrolateral periaqueductal gray(vIPAG). 3. Neurofilament immunohistochemistry were performed on neurofilament regeneration. 4. Western blot were performed on brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) and nerve growth factor(NGF) expression. Results : 1. Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract significantly enhanced the SFI value in the sciatic nerve injury and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. 2. Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract significantly suppressed the sciatic nerve injury-induced increment of c-Fos expressions in the PVN and vIPAG in the sciatic nerve injury and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. 3. Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract significantly increased neurofilament expression in the sciatic nerve injury and 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. 4. Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) extract significantly controled the sciatic nerve injury-induced increment of BDNF and NGF expressions in the sciatic nerve injury and 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg Haein-tang(Hairen-tang)-treated group. Conclusions : These results suggest that Haein-tang(Hairen-tang) treatment after sciatic nerve injury is effective for the functional recovery by enhancing of axonal regeneration and suppressing of pain.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.33-48
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• 2013

Objectives : Peripheral nerve injuries are commonly encountered clinical problems and often result in severe functional deficits. Sukjiyanggeun-Tang(shudiyangjin-tang), in oriental medicine, has been used to treat various musculoskeletal disorders. Methods : In the present study, the effects of aqueous extract of Sukjiyanggeun-Tang(shudiyangjin-tang) on functional recovery, severity of pain, and expressions of neurofilament, cycloxygenease-2(COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats were investigated. For this study, walking tract analysis, plantar test, western blot analysis for COX-2 iNOS, and TNF-${\alpha}$, and Immunofluorescence test for neurofilament were performed. Results : In the present results, sciatic functional index(SFI) in walking tract analysis was significantly decreased following sciatic crushed nerve injury, and pain severity in plantar test was significantly increased. COX-2, iNOS and TNF-${\alpha}$ expressions were increased whereas neurofilament expression was decreased by sciatic crushed nerve injury, In contrast, treatment with Sukjiyanggeun-Tang(shudiyangjin-tang) improved SFI in walking tract analysis and suppressed the pain severity in sciatic crushed nerve injury. Sukjiyanggeun-Tang(shudiyangjin-tang) treatment also suppressed COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-${\alpha}$ expressions and enhanced the neurofilament expression in sciatic crushed nerve injury. Conclusions : In the present study, we have shown that Sukjiyanggeun-Tang(shudiyangjin-tang) is the effective therapeutic modality to ameliorate the symptoms of sciatic crushed nerve injury.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.17-31
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• 2013

Objectives : Peripheral nerve injuries are commonly encountered clinical problems and often result in serve functional deficit. Bee venom and scolopendra subspinipes have been traditionally used in oriental medicine to treat several inflammatory diseases and chronic pain conditions. Methods : In the present study, the effects of bee venom pharmacopuncture and scolopendra subspinipes pharmacopuncture on functional recovery, severity of pain, and expressions of neurofilament, cycloxygenease-2(COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$(TNF-${\alpha}$) following sciatic crushed nerve injury in rats were investigated. For this study, walking tract analysis, plantar test, western blot for COX-2 and TNF-${\alpha}$, and immunohistochemistry for neurofilament were performed. Results : In the present results, sciatic functional index(SFI) in walking tract analysis was significantly decreased following sciatic crushed nerve injury, and pain severity in plantar test was significantly increased. COX-2 and TNF-${\alpha}$ expressions were increased whereas neurofilament expression was decreased by sciatic crushed nerve injury. On the other hand, bee venom pharmacopuncture and scolopendra subspinipes pharmacopuncture improved SFI in walking tract analysis and suppressed the pain severity in sciatic crushed nerve injury. Bee venom pharmacopuncture and scolopendra subspinipes pharmacopuncture suppressed COX-2 and TNF-${\alpha}$ expression and enhanced the neurofilament expression in sciatic crushed nerve injury. Conclusions : In the present study, we have shown that treatment with bee venom or scolopendra subspinipes is the effective therapeutic modality to ameliorate the symptoms of sciatic crushed nerve injury. The efficacies of bee venom and scolopendra subspinipes were similar.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2020

This paper aimed to statistically analyze the impact of fire needs not considered in previous reports based on preventive and preparedness strategies of fire administration and fire budget.. The panel data came from 16 metropolitan councils from 2008 to 2018 and was statistically analyzed based on the preventive measures of the fire administration (agreement for building permission, specific target for fire-fighting, public use facilities, and special fire inspection [SFI]), preparedness of the fire administration (fire safety education [FSE]), response of the fire administration (mobilization for fire suppression [MFS] and mobilization for ambulance service [MAS]), and fire budget. In the results, SFI, FSE, and MFS had a significant negative influence on the fire budget. Meanwhile, MAS had a significant positive effect on the fire budget (p < 0.01). These results reflect public policy in Korea; there has been a paradigm shift in fire administration: from disaster acceptance (focusing on recovery) to disaster response (focusing on field response) to disaster preparedness (focusing on preparedness).

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2004

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing was applied to the epidemiological investigation of 21 Candida tropicalis isolates collected from urine specimens of 11 patients and one healthcare worker, in an intensive care unit (ICU) over a 4-month period. Seventeen epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients were also tested to determine the discriminatory power of PFGE. PFGE typing consisted of electrophoretic karyotyping (EK) and restriction endonuclease analysis of genomic DNA (REAG), using two restriction enzymes (BssHII and SfiI). The EK pattern was the same in all 38 isolates, while REAG using SfiI separated the isolates into nine types. However, 16 different PFGE types were iden-tified by REAG with BssHII, and the same results were obtained when the results of both REAG tests were combined. In serial urinary isolates from 10 patients, all strains from each patient had the same PFGE pattern. While the epidemiologically unrelated strains from 14 patients consisted of 13 different PFGE types, the 20 isolates from the 11 ICU patients fell into only two PFGE types (types Cl and C2), and these apparently originated from the two different outbreaks. All strains of type Cl (n = 12) were isolated from six patients, between November 1999 and January 2000, and all of the type C2 strains (n=8) were isolated from five patients, during January and February 2000. This study shows two con-secutive clusters of C. tropicalis candiduria in an ICU, defined by PFGE typing, and also demonstrates that a PFGE typing method using BssHII is perhaps the most useful method for investigating C. tropi-calis candiduria.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.187-195
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) and electroacupuncture(EA) after sciatic nerve crush injury in rats. Subjects were classified TENS group with TENS application, EA group with EA application and Control group which is not applicated electrical stimulation. TENS and EA stimulations were applied post-injury day(PD) 1 to 14 after sciatic nerve injury. This study observed c-fos expression in rat lumbar spinal cord. In addition, the paw withdrawal latency(PWL) and sciatic function index(SFI) were measured. The results were as follows: At PD 1, control group had higher c-fos immunoreactivity than experimental groups. At PD 7 and 14, control group had higher c-fos immunoreactivity than experimental groups. The PWL of experimental groups were significantly lower than control group. The SFI had not significant difference in all groups. But the average of experimental groups were higher than control group. These results suggest that TENS and EA applications increasing sensory and motor nerve recovery while decreasing c-fos immunoreactivity after sciatic nerve crush injury.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.43-43
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• 2017

기후변화에 따른 강수의 시 공간적 변동성 및 패턴변화는 다목적댐 등 수자원시설물을 이용한 용수공급 및 미래 용수공급의 안정성에 많은 어려움을 줄 것으로 전망되고 있다. 여름철 홍수기 유입량에 의존하고 있는 기존 다목적댐 저수지 운영기준으로는 더 이상 안정적인 용수공급을 만족하기 어렵다. 주요 취수원인 다목적댐에서의 가뭄단계는 기준저수량에 의해서 결정되어지며 가뭄단계는 관심, 주의, 경계, 심각 총 4단계로 구분되며, 해당 기준저수량 이하로 저수량이 저하될 경우 가뭄단계가 발령 및 용수제한공급이 시행된다. 그러나 가뭄단계별 해제의 경우, 정상 용수공급 환원기준에 도달하여야만 용수공급이 정상으로 회복되는 보수적인 기준을 적용하고 있어 정상환원공급 기준에 도달할 때까지 가장 심각한 단계의 용수공급 제한을 감수하여야 한다. 반면, 미국 등 선진국의 경우 가뭄대응 단계 발령 및 해제기준을 기상 및 수문조건 그리고 저수지 수위의 유지 상태 등 다양한 조건을 분석하여 제시하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 일단위 실시간 가뭄(유입량) 지수(SFI, Standard Flow Index)와 단계별 저수지 수위의 유지 기간을 통합한 가뭄대응 단계별 해제기법을 개발하였다. 최적 해제기준 도출을 위해 낙동강 다목적댐을 대상으로 다양한 가뭄해제 시나리오를 선정하고 가뭄대응 단계별 해제기준에 대한 정량적 효과를 분석하여 제시하였다.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the photosystem II activities of Cercis chinensis by soil water condition. Drought stress was induced by withholding water and waterlogging treatments was immerging the pots for 15 days. Results showed that the relative activities per reaction center such as ABS/RC, TRo/RC and Dio/RC were significantly increased compared with the control group after 12 days in waterlogging treatments. Particularly, Dio/RC increased substantially under waterlogging stress, indicating that excessive energy was consumed by heat dissipation. Furthermore, the performance index on absorption basis(PI_abs) and responses to structural and functional PS II(SFI_abs) were dramatically decreased after 15 days in both the drought and waterlogging treatments, which reflects the relative reduction state of the photosystem II. These results of chlorophyll a fluorescence by OKJIP analysis show that the sensitive changes photosystem II activity. Thus, on the basis of our results that Cercis chinensis was exhibited a strong reduction of photosynthetic activity to waterlogging stress, and OKJIP parameters such as ABS/RC, DIo/RC, PI_abs and SFI_abs could be useful indicator to monitor the physiological states of Cercis chinensis under soil water condition.