• 농업과학연구
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.395-405
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• 2012

기능성 지방산인 CLnA를 다량 함유하고 있는 석류 종자유로부터 합성된 가수분해물과 고체지인 팜 스테아린을 기질로 사용하여 Lipozyme TL IM 효소를 촉매로 하여, 기능성 고체지들을 무용매 반응(NH-SL)과 n-hexane 반응(H-SL)조건에서 합성하였다. 합성은 기질 비율 1:6 몰(w/w, PS:HPSO)로, 각 12, 24, 72 hr 동안 반응하여 이루어졌다. 합성 후 반응물은 탈산과정을 수행한 후 각 기능성 고체지들의 이화학적 특성을 살펴보았다. 총 지방산 조성분석결과, 반응시간이 증가함에 따라 NH-SL에서 CLnA의 함량은 34.38%, 37.68%, 40.63%의 함량으로 유의적 차이를 보이며 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다(p<0.05). H-SL에서 CLnA의 함량은 36.81%, 41.19%, 45.83%으로 유의적 차이를 보이며 증가하였다(p<0.05). TAG 조성분석 결과, 기능성 재구성지질들(NH-SL, H-SL)에는 LnLnLn(PN=36), LnLnL(PN=38), LnLL과 LnLnP(PN=40), LLL(PN=42), PLP(PN=46), OOLn과 PLO, POP, PPS(PN=48), LOO, POS(PN=50) 등으로 구성되어 있었다. 반응시간이 길어짐에 따라 NH-SL의 경우 LnLnLn의 함량이 1.63%에서 11.54%로 증가하였고, H-SL의 경우 5.89%에서 18.45%로 증가하였다. 또한 주된 TAG 조성인 LnLnP의 경우 각각 23.15~33.77%(NH-SL)와 28.76~36.44%(H-SL)으로 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 합성한 석류종자유 가수분해물의 산가는 200.46이었으며, 합성 후 탈산한 기능성 고체지들의 산가는 1.05~1.41로 낮았다. 또한 불포화도를 나타내는 요오드가 측정결과, 무용매 반응과 용매 반응 모두에서 반응시간이 길어짐에 따라 요오드가가 점차로 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 반응시간이 길어짐에 따라 CLnA의 함량이 높아졌기 때문에 IV가 점차로 높아지는 결과를 얻은 것으로 사료된다. 기능성 고체지들의 total tocopherol 함량 측정결과, 반응시간이 길어짐에 따라 NH-SL의 경우 3.37~2.13 mg/100 g으로 다소 감소하였으며, H-SL의 경우 3.89~2.51 mg/100 g으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 기능성 고체지들의 SFI 측정결과, H-SL의 경우 $10^{\circ}C$에서 NH-SL보다 고체지 함량이 낮았으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서는 거의 액체 상태를 유지하였다. 이는 융점이 낮으며 불포화지방산인 CLnA의 함량이 비교적 높았기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 마가린과 같은 적절한 spreadability를 부여하기 위해서는 무용매 반응(NH-SL)에서 12 hr과 24 hr 반응을 통하여 생성된 기능성 고체지들이 적합할 것으로 예측되었다. 72 hr 동안 반응하여 생성된 기능성 고체지들(NH-SL, H-SL)의 경우, $3.86{\AA}$에서 낮은 강도를 나타내어, 주로 ${\beta}$'의 결정형을 이루고 있음을 확인하였다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.318-329
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• 2014

본 연구는 온도구배터널에서 자라는 배추의 잎에서 광합성적 $CO_2$ 교환과 엽록소형광을 분석함으로써 배추의 생장에 미치는 고온의 영향을 정량적으로 분석하였다. 결구가 형성되기 전의 생육초기에는 대기온도보다 대기온도 $+4^{\circ}C$와 대기온도 $+7^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 생장한 배추가 엽수의 증가와 엽길이의 신장이 두드러지게 나타났다. $CO_2$ 고정률은 대기온도 $+4^{\circ}C$에서 자란 배추의 잎에서 $25.8{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$로 다소 높았으나, 생육 온도에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 반면에 호흡률은 대기온도에서 다소 높았으며 대기온도 $+4^{\circ}C$와 대기온도 $+7^{\circ}C$ 조건에서는 낮았다. 기공전도도와 증산률은 대기온도에서보다 대기온도 $+4^{\circ}C$와 대기온도 $+7^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 증가하고 수분이용효율은 감소하였다. 그리고, OKJIP 곡선의 패턴에서도 상승온도에서 $F_J$, $F_I$, $F_P$가 크게 낮아지고, 고온에서 특이적으로 나타나는 $F_K$의 증가와 $F_V/F_O$값의 감소 등을 확인할 수 있었다. RC/CS는 대조구에 비해 온도가 높아지면 크게 감소하였으며, ABS/CS, TRo/CS와 ETo/CS도 온도가 높아짐에 따라 점차 줄어들었다. 이에 반해 DIo/CS는 온도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하였다. 그리고 대조구인 대기온도에서는 정식 후 7주, 9주, 10주째에 수확한 배추 내부에서 병징이 나타나지 않았으나, 대기온도 $+4^{\circ}C$와 대기온도 $+7^{\circ}C$ 조건에서는 재배기간이 길어질수록 점차 무름병에 의한 피해가 두드러지게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 급격하게 변화하는 미래의 기후 환경 하에서 배추가 고온 스트레스에 노출될 가능성을 암시하고 있다. 따라서 배추의 안정적인 생산을 위해서는 고온 적응성 품종, 특히 결구 시점에서 내고온성이 강한 품종을 육성하거나 고온의 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 재배기술이 확립되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 그리고 결구형성 시 고온 스트레스의 영향을 조기감별하기 위해서 OKJIP 곡선에서 $F_K$의 증가를 비롯하여 기존에 사용되고 있는 변수인 $F_O$, $F_V/F_M$와 $F_V/F_O$ 이외에도 $M_O$, $S_M$, RC/CS, ETo/CS, $PI_{abs}$, $SFI_{abs}$ 등의 형광변수들이 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.519-532
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• 1999

Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of type B gastritis and plays a central role in the pathogenesis of gastroduodenal ulcer and gastric cancer. To elucidate the host-parasite relationship of the H. pylori infection on the basis of molecular biology, we tried to evaluate the genomic diversity of H. pylori. An ordered overlapping bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of a Korean isolate, H. pylori 51 was constructed to set up a genomic map. A circular physical map was constructed by aligning ApaI, NotI and SfiI-digested chromosomal DNA. When the physical map of H. pylori 51 was compared to that of unrelated strain, H. pylori 26695, completely different restriction patterns were shown. Fifteen known genes were mapped on the chromosome of H. pylori 51 and the genetic map was compared with those of strain 26695 and J99, of which the entire genomic sequences were reported. There were some variability in the gene location as well as gene order among three strains. For further analysis on the genomic diversity of H. pylori, when comparing the genomic structure of 150 H. pylori Korean isolates with one another, genomic macrodiversity of H. pylori was characterized by several features: whether or not susceptible to restriction digestion of the chromsome, variation in chromosomal restriction fingerprint and/or high frequency of gene rearrangement. We also examined the extent of allelic variation in nucleotide or deduced amino acid sequences at the individual gene level. fucT, cagA and vacA were confirmed to carry regions of high variation in nucleotide sequence among strains. The plasticity zone and strain-specific genes of H. pylori 51 were analyzed and compared with the former two genomic sequences. It should be noted that the H. pylori 51-specific sequences were dispersed on the chromosome, not congregated in the plasticity zone unlike J99- or 26695-specific genes, suggesting the high frequency of gene rearrangement in H. pylori genome. The genome of H. pylori 51 shows differences in the overall genomic organization, gene order, and even in the nucleotide sequences among the H. pylori strains, which are far greater than the differences reported on the genomic diversity of H. pylori.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제76권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 1987

Forestry as with all land matters, under the Constitution, is a State matter. Thus the States, numbering 14, have considerable autonomy in decisions on forestry and related matters. However, the Federal Government, having jurisdiction over such issues as defence, education and research, endeavours to coordinate, standardise and advise the States on matters where the States have jurisdiction. However, forestry being a major revenue earner, is jealously guarded by the States. Under such circumstances and recognising the interdependencies of impacts of decisions at the State level, the institutional organisations play an important role in coordinating state activities to ensure that the benefits to the country as a whole are not sacrificed in favour of interests of individual state. Various legislative mechanisms have been established to ensure this coordinated effort. A National Forestry Council forms the apex of national political coordination. The Federal Forestry Department is responsible for coordination of developmental activities at the State level, which are implemented be the State Forestry Departments within Peninsular Malaysia. Research is carried out centrally by the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia(FRIM), a statutory body formed in 1985 from a research division of the Forestry Department. The Stares of Sabah and Sarawak have their own Forestry Departments, independent of the Federal Department, and each with its own research unit independent of FRIM. Tertiary education in forestry is the sole responsibility of the Agricultural University at Serdang with a campus for Diploma level training in Sarawak. In the developmental area in the State of Sabah, institutions have been formed to focus on specific areas of activities. The Sabah Foundation is responsible for the long term development of the State forests with a concession of about one million ha. Sabah Forest Development Authority(SAFODA) was formed to carry out reforestation of denuded areas. Sabah Forest Industries Ltd.(SFI) is responsible for the country's only integrated pulp and paper industry with its own afforestation program to support its resource supply. In Peninsular Malaysia various states have established State Corporations to manage large "sustained yield" concessions. While wildlife and state parks are managed by the respective forestry departments in Sabah and Sarawak, it is the responsibility of a separate department in Peninsula Malaysia called the Department of Wildlife and National Parks(under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment). Timber trade legislation and promotion in the Peninsular is the responsibility of the Malaysian Timber Industries Board(MTIB) for Peninsular Malaysia and the Sarawak Timber Industries Development Corporation(STIDC) in Sarawak. In the area of NGOs ; the Institute of Foresters Malaysia, is the professional body of forestry in the country. A Malaysian Forestry Society caters for the public participation and interest. Other environmentally related NGOs such as the Malayan Nature Society, the Environmental Protection Society, World Wildlife Fund, Friends of the Earth and the Consumers Associations also involve themselves in specific forestry activities. A number of timber trade associations are also formed by the private sector to assist the industries.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.15-32
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this Study was to identify the effect of Dokhwalgisaeng-tang(Duhuoqisheng-tang) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture on pain control and nerve regeneration after crush injury in rat sciatic nerve. Methods : Neuropathic pain was induced by crush-induced model of right sciatic nerve. Animal groups were divided as follows; Group I: no treatment control group, Group II : experimental group treated with Dokhwalgisaeng-tang(Duhuoqisheng-tang), Group III : experimental group treated with Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture, and Group IV : experimental group treated with Dokhwalgisaeng-tang(Duhuoqisheng-tang) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture. To evaluate pain intensity, each group was observed paw withdrawal threshold and immunoreactivity on the c-fos before and after respective treatments in five hours, first, third, and fifth day. To evaluate nerve regeneration, those were observed SFI(Sciatic Functional Index) and GAP-43(Growth Associated Protein 43) after each treatment in seventh and thirteenth day. Results : 1. Paw withdrawal threshold to the mechanical stimuli made the significant difference between group IV and the control group after five days of the experiment. 2. Paw withdrawal threshold to the thermal stimuli made the significant difference between group I and III, I and IV, II and IV. 3. In immunohistochemical response of c-fos, as time passes, the immunoreactivity of all groups was decreased gradually. Especially, group IV was observed the lowest after three days. 4. The differences of sciatic function indexes in each group were significantly between group I and III, I and IV, II and IV after 14 days, and between group I and III, I and IV, II and IV, III and IV after 21 days. 5. In immunohistochemical response of GAP-43, all groups had higher GAP-43 immunoreactivity at the 14 days from post-injury and group IV showed highest immunoreactivity. Conclusions : Based on above the results, it is proposed that Dokhwalgisaeng-tang(Duhuoqisheng-tang) and Jungsongouhyul pharmacopuncture may be helpful as a treatment in neuropathic pain and nerve regeneration in rat model.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.166-177
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• 2013

Objectives: The genus Legionella is common in aquatic environments. Some species of Legionella are recognized as potential opportunistic pathogens for human, notably Legionella pneumophila that causes, Legionellosis. Thus, we investigated the contamination of Legionella pneumophila on water supply systems in Seoul, including cooling towers, public baths, hospitals and fountains. Methods: The existence of 16S rRNA and mip gene of L. pneumophila was confirmed in the genome of the isolated strains by PCR. Results: During the summer season of 2010 and 2011, Legionella pneumophila were detected from 163 samples (21.1%) out of 772 samples collected. Among the 163 strains of L. pneumophila, eighty one isolates belonged to serogroup 1 (57.4%), 23 isolates were serogroup 5 (16.3%), 21 isolates were serogroup 6 (14.9%), 8 isolates were serogroup 2 (5.79%), and 8 isolates were identified in serogroup 3 (5.7%). Through PFGE (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) analysis using Sfi I, genetic types of L. pneumophila were classified into five (A to E) patterns by the band similarity with excess of 70% from public baths. Conclusions: The PFGE patterns of the serotypes showed a tendency for diversity of L. pneumophila. Our results suggest the existence of serological and genetic diversity among the L. pneumophila isolates.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.279-284
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• 2007

Purpose: The vein graft was considered as a useful conduit for nerve defect. But the problem is that it might be collapsed in long vein graft state. A new experimental model using vein graft filled with hyaluronic acid was considered. Methods: Thirty rats were used for the experimental animal. In group I, one side of the femoral nerve was exposed and a segment was removed about 15mm. The neural gap was connected with nerve graft. In group II, the nerve gap was connected with vein graft only. In group III, the nerve gap was connected with vein graft filled with hyaluronic acid. A walking track analysis was made periodically for 2 months and NCV(nerve conduction velocity) was executed at the end of the experiment. And morphologic studies were also done for all groups Results: In a walking track analysis, the toe-spread was widen and the foot-length was lengthened. The recovery of the toe-spread and foot length was checked 2 weeks interval, periodically for two months. The SFI (sciatic function index) was $-52.5{\pm}8.2$ in group I, $-68.1{\pm}4$ in group II, $-55.3{\pm}7.9$ in group III. In electrophysiological study, NCV(nerve conduction velocity) was $26.71{\pm}3.11m/s$ in group I, $17.94{\pm}4.35m/s$ in group II, $25.69{\pm}2.81m/s$ in group III. The functional recovery in group I and III was superior to that the group II statistically(p < 0.05) Under electromicroscopic study, the number of the myelinated axons were $1419.1{\pm}240$ in group I, $921.7{\pm}176.8$ in group II, $1322.2{\pm}318$ in group III. The number of the myelinated axons were much more in group I and III than group II statistically (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that the vein graft filled with hyaluronic acid is more effective than vein graft only for the conduit of the nerve gap. It was thought that the technique could be used in clinical cases with nerve defects as an alternative method to classical nerve grafts.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2023

후박나무 묘목의 효율적인 생산을 위해 시비농도에 따른 간장, 근원경, 묘목품질지수, 광합성 반응 측정으로 생장과 생리적 특성을 조사하고 적정 용기묘 생산에 적합한 시비량을 확인하였다. 광합성 특성은 대조구에 비해 시비처리구에서 순광합성속도(A), 순간증산효율(ITE), 내재적 수분이용효율(WUEi), 최대카르복실화속도(Vcmax) 등 높았다. 특히, 시비 농도는 활발한 가스교환을 통해 비교적 높은 A, Vcmax 보였던1000 mg/L과 기공개폐 기작의 조절로 광합성 반응기작을 향상시킨500 mg/L가 적정 수준의 시비로 실험 결과를 보였다. 생장량 또한 대조구보다 시비처리구에서 묘목의 품질지수 등 통계적으로 높은 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 1000 mg/L은 근원경, 간장이 처리구 중 가장 큰 특징을 보였으며, 잎, 줄기, 전체 건중량, 역시 다른 처리구들에 비해 통계적으로 높았고, 묘목의 품질을 나타내는 H/D율 및 T/R율도 건전한 수준인 것을 볼 수 있었다. 500 mg/L 역시 양호한 생육 특성을 보여 경제성을 고려한다면 한 가지 선택지가 될 수 있다고 여겨진다. 그러나 2000 mg/L의 경우, 근원경의 감소로 H/D율은 높아졌고, 지상부에 비해 지하부로의 물질분배가 저조하여 T/R율 역시 증가하는 형태적 특성과 비용 저감을 위한 경제성을 고려하였을 때 2000 mg/L의 시비농도는 과하다고 판단된다. 따라서 후박나무 용기묘의 시비는 500 mg/L 혹은 1000 mg/L이 경제적으로나 식물의 형태적으로 가장 이상적인 시비량이라고 판단된다.