• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the association between current suicidal or violent behavior and deficits of specific neurocognitive variables in child and adolescent inpatient samples diagnosed with mood disorder. Methods: A retrospective review of the charts of mood disorder patients hospitalized at Samsung Medical Center between April 2004 and April 2015 was conducted. Child and adolescent patients aged between 10 and 18 years old and those who finished neurocognitive function testing during their hospitalization were included. Among them patients whose full scale IQ was between 85 and 115 were selected (N=111). Participants were first divided into two age-groups-group Y ($10{\leq}age{\leq}15$, N=54) and group O ($16{\leq}age{\leq}18$, N=57)-because neurocognitive function test tools were different according to age [Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) for 10 to 15-year-old patients, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) for 16 to 18-year-old patients]. They were then divided according to their suicidal or violent behavior-non suicidal/violent group (NG), suicidal group (SG), violent group (VG), and both suicidal/violent group (BG). The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was checked for measurement of participants' behavior and the Gordon Diagnostic System was checked for measurement of their attention efficiency. Kruskal-Wallis Test and Tukey test was used to determine the differences in neurocognitive function between groups. Results: O-SG patients showed lower scores on the comprehension subscale of WAIS-III than O-NG patients (${\chi}^2=8.454$, p=.015). O-VG patients showed lower scores on the block design subscales of WAIS than O-SG patients (${\chi}^2=7.496$, p=.024). Y-VG patients showed higher scores in aggressive behavior, externalizing problems, and total problems scores of CBCL. Conclusion: This study showed relationship between specific neurocognitive deficits and suicidal or violent behavior. These relationships were significant in relatively older adolescents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.49-60
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• 2021

The Core Protection Calculator System (CPCS) is vital for plant safety as it ensures the required Specified Acceptance Fuel Design Limit (SAFDL) are not exceeded. The CPCS generates trip signals when Departure from Nucleate Boiling Ratio (DNBR) and Local Power Density (LPD) exceeds their predetermined setpoints. These setpoints are established based on the operating margin from the analysis that produces the SAFDL values. The goal of this research is to create a simplified CPCS that optimizes operating margin for I-SMRs. Because the I-SMR is compact in design, instrumentation placement is a challenge, as it is with Ex-core detectors and RCP instrumentation. The proposed CPCS addresses the issue of power flux measurement with In-Core Instrumentation (ICI), while flow measurement is handled with differential pressure transmitters between Steam Generators (SG). Simplification of CPCS is based on a Look-Up-Table (LUT) for determining the CEA groups' position. However, simplification brings approximations that result in a loss of operational margin, which necessitates compensation. Appropriate compensation is performed based on the result of analysis. FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) are presented as a way to compensate for the inadequacies of current systems by providing faster execution speeds and a lower Common Cause Failure rate (CCF).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.510-519
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• 2018

Synbiotics are a combination of probiotics and prebiotics, which lead to synergistic benefits in host welfare. Probiotics have been used as an alternative to antibiotics. Among the probiotics, Pediococcus acidilactici (PA) has shown excellent antimicrobial activity against Salmonella Gallinarum (SG) as a major poultry pathogen and has improved the production performances of animals. Inulin is widely used as a prebiotic for the improvement of animal health and growth. The main aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of inulin nanoparticle (IN)-internalized PA encapsulated into alginate/chitosan/alginate (ACA) microcapsules (MCs) for future in vivo application. The prepared phthalyl INs (PINs) were characterized by DLS and FE-SEM. The contents of phthal groups in the PINs were estimated by $^1H-NMR$ measurement as 25.1 mol.-%. The sizes of the PINs measured by DLS were approximately 203 nm. Internalization into PA was confirmed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. The antimicrobial activity of PIN-internalized probiotics encapsulated into ACA MCs was measured by coculture antimicrobial assays on SG. PIN-internalized probiotics had a higher antimicrobial ability than that of ACA MCs loaded with PA/inulin or PA. Interestingly, when PINs were treated with PA and encapsulated into ACA MCs, as a natural antimicrobial peptide, pediocin was produced much more in the culture medium compared with other groups with inulin-loaded ACA MCs and PA encapsulated into ACA MCs.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.31-36
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• 2017

We are made up to the variation of the structure modeling of the stratum corneum by the skin on the hydration. The given skin structure is consist of the control level of the intercellular route and transcellular route, and is confirmed to the variation of the modeling for algorithm. Hydration condition is consisted to modeling by the size, form and combination, that skin impedance is appeared to result the value of measurement by the several layer such as forms of ${\xi}-R-SC-RH$, ${\xi}-R-SL-RH$, ${\xi}-R-SG-RH$, ${\xi}-R-SS-RH$ and ${\xi}-R-SB-RH$. Hydration condition is showed to the alteration difference value of S-Corneum, S-Lucidum, S-Granulosum, S-Spinosum and S-Basale. And, composition condition was constructed with the alteration modeling that was established to separate the division parts for conversion system. We will be possible to progress the improvement effectiveness of the skin and to consist of the continuous hydration control system for functional on the skin. We will be possible to progress the improvement effectiveness of the skin and to consist of the continuous penetration control system for functional energy on the skin.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.869-874
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• 2014

It was discovered in a Korean PWR that an extensive number of very short and shallow cracks in the SG tubes were undetectable by eddy current in-service-inspection because of the masking effect of sludge deposits. Axial stress corrosion cracks at the outside diameter of the steam generator tubes near the line contacts with the tube support plates are the major concern among the six identical Korean nuclear power plants having CE-type steam generators with Alloy 600 high temperature mill annealed tubes, HU3&4 and HB3~6. The tubes in HB3&4 have a less susceptible microstructure so that the onset of ODSCC was substantially delayed compared to HU3&4 whose tubes are most susceptible to ODSCC among the six units. The numbers of cracks detected by the eddy current inspection jumped drastically after the steam generators of HB4 were chemically cleaned. The purpose of the chemical cleaning was to mitigate stress corrosion cracking by removing the heavy sludge deposit, since a corrosive environment is formed in the occluded region under the sludge deposit. SGCC also enhances the detection capability of the eddy current inspection at the same time. Measurement of the size of each crack using the motorized rotating pancake coil probe indicated that the cracks in HB4 were shorter and substantially shallower than the cracks in HU3&4. It is believed that the cracks were shorter and shallower because the microstructure of the tubes in HB4 is less susceptible to ODSCC. It was readily understood from the size distribution of the cracks and the quantitative information available on the probability of detection that most cracks in HB4 had been undetected until the steam generators were chemically cleaned.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.2090-2095
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• 2020

Background: Spinal Mobilization is one of the manual therapy technique that clinicians have used to treat pain, however, there is still a lack of research on changes in strength in healthy people. Objectives: To investigate the effect of posterior-anterior lumbar mobilization on lower limb strength in healthy individuals. Design: Two-group pretest-posttest design. Methods: In this study, 23 healthy subjects aged 20 years were assigned to 12 lumbar mobilization group (LMG) and 12 sham group (SG) to perform intervention and measurement through pre- and post-design. Intervention was performed in LMG with grade III~IV on L3-5 of the lumbar spine, and lumbar mobilization was performed for each segment. After intervention, knee flexion and extension strength were measured. To measure the main effect on muscle strength, a comparative analysis was conducted using paired t-test and independent t-test. Results: In LMG, knee flexor and extensor strength were increased significantly at 60°/s (P<.05). In addition, the extensors of LMG and SG were significantly different only at 60°/s, and the flexors were significantly different between groups at both 60°/s and 180°/s (P<.05). Conclusion: In healthy individuals, lumbar mobilization results in improvement of strength of knee flexor and extensor, and additional experiments on the effect of mobilization on the lumbar spine on functional changes in the lower limbs will be needed.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.18 no.1 s.116
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• pp.96-104
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• 2007

Currently, there is a lack of suitable prediction model and measurement data for vegetation loss. So in this paper, vegetation loss measurement has been performed for seven different tree-species, including dawn-redwood tree, plane tree, pine tree and hymalaya cedar in the frequency range of $1.0{\sim}6.0\;GHz$, for the two years, from 2005 to 2006 years. And then, extraction and revision for the proposed RET model input parameters in ITU-R P.833 has been performed. The key results of measurement and RET modeling has been presented in this paper. The results of this study have been adapted for ITU-R recommendation at the ITU-R meeting in 2005 and 2006.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.383-391
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• 2002

Six types of ozone passive samplers were fabricated with three different filter substrates and two colorants, and tested for their feasibility on atmospheric monitoring. These passive samplers are based on a colorant which fades (indigo carmine and ChromAir (K&M environmental Inc.)) or produces color (mixture of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone acetone azine and 2-phenylphenol colorant) upon reaction with ozone, whose concentration can be determined by reflectance measurement of the color change. Three filters, namely Whatman No.1 paper, SG81 chromatography paper and Silica Gel coated on polyester (TLC Plates), were prepared and coated with two colorants. The response of these passive samplers in ozone chamber were tested and compared with ChromAir (K&M environmental Inc.) passive sampler. The response of Silica Gel filter impregnated with indigo carmine was the best at the constant concentration exposure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.241-249
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to develop the pattern recognition algorithm based on smart camera for inspection automation, and including external surface state of molding parts or optical parts. By performance verification, this development can be applied to establish for existing reflex data because inputting surface badness degree of scratch's standard specification condition directly. And it is pdssible to distinguish from schedule error of badness product and normalcy product within schedule extent after calculating the error comparing actuality measurement reflex data and standard reflex data mutually. The proposed technology cab be applied to test for masearing of the smallest 10 pixel unit. It is illustrated the relibility pf proposed technology by an experiment.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.21-30
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• 2001

In this paper, EMI measurement, the STGU simulation being conducted, filter design, its characteristics, and its implementation to the PCB, and finally test results are discussed. When the low pass filter was implemented within the STGU, the power of EMI decreased more than 20dBm. Finally, when TE and MTIE, two important quality measure in synchronous reference clock, was assessed, ITU-T G813 requirement was satisfied. EMI(Electromagnetic Interface) is a measure of electomagnetic radiation from equipment in the range of 10KHz to 3GHz, and can cause unexpected reactions of electronics/electrical equipment. In this study, for safe and stable communication operation, a STGU (System Timing Generation Unit), which is a 2.5G SDH System and a major EMI source, was employed to simulate electromagnetic interface. Using Open-Site test, the power of fundamental frequency of EMI of interest and its harmonics were measured. Also, a low pass filter at cut-off frequency of 2GHz was specifically designed for this study to minimize the effect of EMI between electronic components.