• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.975-981
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to observe the effect of moxibustion at matched acupoints of ST36, ST37 and ST39 in rats with sex and age. This study measured small intestinal motility in rats. First, cauterize with moxa was applied to the ST36, ST37 and ST39 in rats classified by sex and age under enflurane anesthesia. And then same treatment is done to matched acupoints of ST36, ST37 and ST39. In each groups of ST36, ST37 and ST39, the small intestinal motility was increased in 5, 6, 8 weeks male and 5 weeks female rats at ST36, 6, 7 weeks male and 5, 6, 8 weeks female rats at ST37, 5, 6 weeks male and 5 weeks female rats at ST39. In matched acupoints, the small intestinal motility was increased in 5, 8 weeks male and 5, 6, 7, 8 weeks female rat at ST36+ST37, 5 weeks male and 6, 7, 8 weeks female rats at ST36+ST39, 5, 7 weeks male and 5, 8 weeks female rats at ST37+ST39. The effects of moxibustion at each acupoints decreased by advancing age and when these acupoints were combined, the effective results were shown in female rats of all age group. These results suggest that when each acupoints and matched acupoints was chosen in moxibustion treatment, the sex and age of individual is worth consideration.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.79-92
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• 2006

Acupuncture has acupoints to treat, prevent, and reduce disease and to recover health by meridian guidance and reflexion. In the oriental medicine, meridian and acupoints are the foundations of treatment. Therefore, in the clinical treatment, we have to decide the therapeutic methods, meridian, acupoints, acupoint place, and acupoint match according to the disease. This study was designed to investigate the combined effects of ST36, ST37, and ST39 using electroacupuncture in rats. The present study was conducted to see the effects produced by combined electro-acupuncture(EA) at ST36, ST37, and ST39 on small intestine transportation in rats. EA(2 Hz, 5mA, pulse duration 1 ms) was applied for 30 minutes at acupoints of ST36, ST37, and ST39. The results are as follows. Compared to other acupoint place matches, ST36(left)+ ST37(right), ST36(left)+ST39(right), and ST37(left)+ST39 (right) were more effective than ST36(right)+ST37(left), ST36 (right)+ST39(left), and ST37(right)+ST39(left) for small intestine transporation(+ means acupoint place match). In terms of acupoint placement, ST36(left), ST37(right), and ST39(right) were more effective than the other sides for small intestine transporation. The data suggests that we have to consider acupoint place and acupoint match for acupucture therapy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-21
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low frequency electro-acupuncture at ST39 on intestinal motility in rats. Methods : Intestinal hypermotility and hypomotility in rats were induced by oral carbachol ingestion and loperamide injection. Rats were divided into seventeen experimental groups including the normal and holder groups. The rats were induced with intestinal hypermotility and hypomotility and divided into pre and post-treatment groups. I also carried out acupuncture (needle retention) and low frequency electro-acupuncture at ST39 or the sham point. I fed charcoal to rats after the treatment and calculated its distance travelled in the gastrointestinal tract, which was compared by groups so as to determine which treatment was more effective in increasing or decreasing intestinal motility. Results : 1. In normal rats, low frequency electro-acupuncture at ST39 showed no significant effect on intestinal motility. 2. Pre-treatment with acupuncture (needle retention) at ST39 on intestinal motility over-activated with carbachol significantly decreased intestinal motility in rats. 3. Pre-treatment with low frequency electro-acupuncture at ST39 on intestinal motility over-activated with carbachol significantly decreased intestinal motility in rats. 4. Pre-treatment with acupuncture (needle retention and low frequency electro-acupuncture) at ST39 showed no significant effect on intestinal hypomotility in rats that was induced by loperamide injection. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture (needle retention) and low frequency electro-acupuncture at ST39 have preventive effects on intestinal hypermotility. Regardless of the stimulation method, ST39 showed an effect on intestinal motility. Further study is required to confirm other effects of ST39.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2005

Objectives: To investigate the effect of Ginseng herbal acupuncture at GB39 and ST36 on growth in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into four groups (n=10); G-ST36 group treated with Ginseng Radix herbal acupuncture at right ST36, G-GB39 group treated with the same at GB39, Control-ST36 group and Control-GB39 group injected with saline at right ST36 and GB39 respectively. The saline injection and herbal acupuncture were performed 3 times a week for 3 weeks. The length( total height, body length and tail length), weight and the protein efficiency ratio were measured as well as IGF-I level in serum Results: The weights of Ginseng herbal acupuncture groups were not significantly increased compared to the control groups but the protein efficiency ratios were significantly higher in Ginseng herbal acupuncture groups compared to the control groups. The increases of the total length, body length and tail length were significantly higher in Ginseng herbal acupuncture groups than the control groups. The serum IGF-I level of G-GB39 was significantly increased compared to control-GB39, not that of G-ST36 compared to control-ST36. Conclusions: Ginseng herbal acupuncture at GB39 and ST36 are both effective to promote growth in terms of height and weight. GB39 may be effective for growth by way of increasing IGF-I, and more closely related to growth in height than ST36.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.272-280
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• 2013

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe effects of manual acupuncture(MA), electro-acupuncture(EA) and moxibustion (MO) on the rat with loperamide-induced constipation. Methods : This study measured small intestinal motility and number of fecal pellets in rats with loperamide induced constipation. MA and EA(intensity, 5 times muscle twitch threshold) was applied for 30 minutes and MO was treated on 5 times moxa cautery to the groups divided with age and sex. Results : The small intestinal motility was decreased by ST36 EA and ST37 EA in 5 weeks male group and ST37 EA in 7 weeks male and female groups, and ST36 MO in 7 weeks female group, but it was increased by ST39 EA in 7 weeks male group and ST37 MO and ST39 MO in 7 weeks male group. The number of fecal pellets was decreased by MA, EA, MO of ST36 in all group except 5, 7 weeks male groups only, and MA, EA of ST37 in 5, 7 weeks male group and ST37 MO in 7 weeks female group, and ST39 EA in 5 weeks male group and 7 weeks female group and ST39 MO in 7 weeks female group, but increased by ST37 EA in 5 weeks female group and ST39 EA in 7 weeks male group. Conclusions : Although these differences do not have a established tendency, it suggests that acupuncture and moxibustion are experimentally dependent upon the sex and age on intestinal motility in rats.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.3 s.21
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• pp.105-116
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• 2006

Objectives : To investigate the effect of Ga-mee-Gwui-ryong-tang herbal acupuncture(GR-HA) at GB39 and ST36 and the effect of Yuk-mee-ji-hwang-tang herbal acupuncture(YM-HA) at GB39 and KI10 on growth in mice. Methods : Mice were divided into 7 group(n=10) ; saline-ST36, saline-GB39 and KI10, GR-HA-ST36 group treated with GR-HA at right ST36, GR-HA-GB39 group treated with GR-HA at right GB39, YM-HA-GB39 group treated with YM-HA at right GB39, YM-HA-KI10 group treated with YM-HA at right KI10. Saline-ST36 group, saline-GB39 group and saline-KI10 group were injected with saline at right ST36, GB39, KI10 respectively. Saline injection and HA were performed 3 times a week for 18 days. The length(total height, body length and tail length), weight and the protein efficiency ratio were measured as well as IGF-1 level in serum. Results : 1. GR-HA at GB39 and GR-HA at ST36 promoted growth in weight, tail length and total height but there was no statistical significance. 2. GR-HA at GB39 significantly promoted protein efficiency on the 14th day and GR-HA at ST36 on the 3rd day. 3. GR-HA at GB39 significantly increased serum IGF-1. GR-HA at ST36 increased IGF-1 slightly but with no statistical significance. 4. YM-HA at GB39 and YM-HA at KI10 promoted growth in weight, height, tail length and total height but there was no statistical relevance. 5. YM-HA at GB39 and YM-HA at KI10 significantly promoted protein efficiency on the 14th day. 6. YM-HA at GB39 and YM-HA at KI10 significantly increased serum IGF-1. Serum IGF-1 level of YM-HA-KI10 group was significantly higher than that of YM-HA-GB39 group. 7. Serum IGF-1 level of GR-HA-GB39 group was significantly higher than that of YM-HA-GB39 group. Conclusions : GR-HA and YM-HA both may promote growth. This study suggests that herbal acupuncture at GB39 is more effective with Gwui-ryong-tang than Yuk-mee ji-hwang-tang to promote growth. It also suggests that Yuk-mee ji-hwang-tang herbal acupuncture is more effective at KI10 than at GB39.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.79-89
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the effect of acupuncture and high frequency electroacupuncture at $ST_{39}$ on intestinal motility in rats. Methods: We made over-activated state of intestinal motility with carbachol and suppressed state of intestinal motility with loperamide in rat and carried out needle retention acupuncture and high frequency electroacupuncture at $ST_{39}$ or sham point in rat divided into pre-treatment group and post-treatment group. We fed charcoal to them after the treatment and measured the travel rate of charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract to observe intestinal motility. Results : Examining intestinal motility of normal rat treated with needle retention acupuncture at $ST_{39}$ significantly suppressed intestinal motility. Pre-treatment of needle retention acupuncture significantly suppressed intestinal motility in rat which over-activated with carbachol. Pre-treatment and post-treatment of high frequency electroacupuncture significantly suppressed intestinal motility in rat which over-activated with carbachol. All of the pre-treatment and post-treatment of needle retention acupuncture, high frequency electroacupuncture showed no significant effect than control group on intestinal motility of rat which was suppressed with loperamide. Conclusions : These results suggest that acupuncture and high frequency electroacupuncture at $ST_{39}$ have preventive and therapeutic effects on over-activated intestinal motility, and high frequency electroacupuncture is more effective.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.124-125
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• 2012

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.105-115
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• 2018

Objectives : This research aimed to verify the validities of contraindicated acupoints in acupuncture treatment in Zhenjiudacheng. Methods : We investigated contraindicated acupoints when performing needling in Zhenjiudacheng, then verified them in today's medical knowledge and clinical studies. Results : In Zhenjiudacheng, 39 acupoints - LU2, LI4, LI13, LI14, LI16, ST1, ST9, ST12, ST17, ST25, ST30, ST42, SP6, SP11, SI18, BL8, BL9, BL56, KI11, TE7, TE8, TE19, TE20, GB3, GB18, GB21, GV10, GV11, GV17, GV22, GV24, CV1, CV4, CV5, CV8, CV9, CV15, CV17 and EX-HN11 - were described to need a careful approach in acupuncture treatment and 21 acupoints among them had contraindications. Most of the contraindications can be explained based on anatomical knowledge and results of clinical studies, and acupuncture treatment at the 39 contraindicated acupoints can induce injury of tissues or organs near the acupoints. Conclusions : The contraindicated acupoints in acupuncture treatment in Zhenjiudacheng seem to have been classified based on the adverse events experienced by doctors at that time. Therefore careful acupuncture treatment at these acupoints is needed to avoid injury to tissue or organs.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2011

Purpose : To assess the frequency and severity of acute adverse reactions to intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents using computerized reporting system at a single large academic institution. Materials and Methods : We assessed data from electronic hospital information system from October 2008 to December 2010. Reactions were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. We compared the frequency of adverse reactions among three contrast agents (Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA). Results : The total number of administrated contrast agents was 33,600, and the number of administration of Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA were 20,824 (62%), 10,417 (31%) and 2,359 (7%), respectively. Total 39 adverse reactions were reported accounting for 0.1161% of all administrations. The incidences of adverse reactions were 0.1248% (26/39, 67%) for Gd-BT-DO3A, 0.0768% (8/39, 21%) for Gd-DTPA, and 0.2120% (5/39, 13%) for Gd-EOB-DTPA. The difference of frequencies of adverse reaction among three contrast agents was not significant. Most cases of the adverse effect were mild (35/39, 89.7%). Moderate and severe adverse reactions were encountered in two patients, respectively. Conclusion : Among Koreans, adverse effects were rare, and especially, moderate to severe adverse reactions were much rarer. There was no difference among the frequencies of adverse reactions caused by three different contrast agents.