• 대한화학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.180-185
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• 1997

매달린 수은 방울 전극(HMDE) 또는 얇은 수은막 전극(TMFE)을 사용하여 금속이온들을 은/염화은(포화 KCl) 기준전극에 대하여 -1,200 V에서 150초 동안 전해시켜서 수은전극에 농축시키고 펄스 차이 전압전류법(DPASV)과 네모파 전압전류법(SWASV)으로 산화전극 벗김 분석을 하여 동시에 아연, 카드뮴, 납 및 구리를 정량분석하였다. HMDE를 사용하여 DPASV로 네 가지 금속이온을 동시 정량분석시 각각의 금속이온의 봉우리 전류는 20~100 ppb 농도범위에서 직선성을 보여주었으나 TMFE를 사용하여 DPASV 또는 SWASV로 네 가지 금속이온을 동시 정량분석시에는 $Cd^{2+}$와 $Pb^{2+}$의 봉우리 전류만 DPASV의 경우 100 ppb까지 SWASV의 경우 10 ppb까지 직선성을 나타내었다. $Cd^{2+}$와 $Pb^{2+}$의 동시 정량분석의 경우 TMFE를 사용한 DPASV 분석은 HMDE를 사용한 DPASV보다 약 15배 더 민감하였으며 TMFE에서 SWASV는 DPASV보다 약 5배 더 민감하였다. 퇴적물에 함유된 아연의 농도를 HMDE를 사용한 DPASV 분석법과 유도 결합 플라스마-질량분석법으로 일곱개의 시료에 대하여 정량분석하여 비교하였더니 상관계수가 0.9993으로 높았고 t-test결과 두 방법 사이에는 유의성 있는 차이가 없었다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2007

DNA를 고정한 탄소나노튜브 페이스트 전극으로 옥시테트라싸이클린 항생제의 분석조건을 연구하였다. 사각 파형 벗김 전압전류법과 순환 전압 전류법을 사용하여 최적조건에서 1-10 ngL?1의 정량 가능 범위에 도달하였다. 벗김법 0.1 mgL?1 농도에서 15번 반복 측정하여 0.068%의 상대표준편차였으며, 벗김법 최적 분석 조건에서 0.4 ngL?1의 검출 한계를 얻었다. 개발된 결과를 양식어류의 세포에서 응용하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.801-809
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• 2013

We investigate sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of trace copper (Cu) metal using pristine carbon nanotube (CNT) and acidified CNT (ACNT) electrodes. Squarewave based anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) is used to determine the stripped Cu concentration. Prior to performing the SWASV measurements, its optimal conditions are determined and with that, effects of potential scan rate and $Cu^{2+}$ concentration on stripping current are evaluated. The measurements indicate that (1) ACNT electrode shows better results than CNT electrode and (2) stripping is controlled by surface reaction. In the given $Cu^{2+}$ concentration range of 25-150 ppb, peak stripping current has linearity with $Cu^{2+}$ concentration. Quantitatively, sensitivity and LOD of Cu in ACNT electrode are 9.36 ${\mu}A\;{\mu}M^{-1}$ and 3 ppb, while their values are 3.99 ${\mu}A\;{\mu}M^{-1}$ and 3 ppb with CNT electrode. We evaluate the effect of three different water solutions (deionized water, tap water and river water) on stripping current and the confirm types of water don't affect the sensitivity of Cu. It turns out by optical inspection and cyclic voltammetry that superiority of ACNT electrode to CNT electrode is attributed to exfoliation of CNT bundles and improved interfacial adhesion occurring during oxidation of CNTs.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.276-281
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• 2018

High concentration of copper in mezcal, a representative Mexican spirituous alcoholic beverage, is a serious problem due to the damage that it may cause to human health. A cyclic voltammetry and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry study of copper (II) in three commercial mezcal samples based on glassy carbon electrode response was undertaken. The analysis was developed using a simulated matrix solution ($EtOH/H_2O$ (1:1), 0.1 M $LiClO_4$ and AcOH/AcONa 0.05 M/0.008 M), with Cu (II) concentrations in the range 0 - 1 ppm. Direct electrochemical analysis of mezcal samples was complicated by the presence of different organic compounds in the matrix. The analytical signal of Cu (II) in the spirituous was notably improved and the interferences caused by organic compounds were minimized, by diluting the mezcal samples 10% with $EtOH/H_2O$ (1:1) solution. An efficient quantification of Cu (II) was obtained from the calibration curve by the SWASV and using the internal standard method (Cd (II)) in commercial samples (1.2-6.7 ppm); the results were correlated satisfactorily with the values obtained by AAS.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.393-398
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• 2008

Trace analysis of Cd and Pb at surface modified thick film graphite electrode with Bi nanopowder has been carried out using square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) technique. Bi nanopowder synthesized by gas condensation (GC) method showed the size of $50{\sim}100$ nm with BET surface area, $A_{BET}=6.8m^{2}g^{-l}$. For a strong adhesion of the Bi nanopowder onto the screen printed carbon paste electrode, nafion solution was added into Bi-containing suspension. From the SWASV, it was found that the Bi nanopowder electrode exhibited a well-defined responses relating to the oxidations of Cd and Pb. The current peak intensity increased with increasing concentration of Cd and Pb. From the linear relationship between Cd/Pb concentrations and peak current, the sensitivity of the Bi nanopowder electrode was quantitatively estimated. The detection limit of the electrode was estimated to be $0.15{\mu}g/l$ and $0.07{\mu}g/l$ for Cd and Pb, respectively, on the basis of the signal-to-noise characteristics (S/N=3) of the response for the $1.0{\mu}g/l$ solution under a 10 min accumulation.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.941-949
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• 2010

The three electrode system was used to detect the pesticide fenitrothion ($C_9H_{12}NO_5PS$. MW=277.24) using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The working electrode was mercury immobilized on a carbon nanotube paste electrode (Hg-CNTPE). At the optimized condition, the limit of detection (LoD) was 0.6 ppt ($2.16{\times}10^{-12}\;M$), and the relative standard deviation was 0.035% (n=15). And there is more sensitive in detecting fenitrothion than common type carbon nanotube paste electrode. When it was implanted into the brain of live fish (carp), the existence of fenitrothion was measured without any destruction or damage of tissue.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2013

A method of detecting lead was developed using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) with DNA-carbon nanotube paste electrode (CNTPE). The results indicated a sensitive oxidation peak current of lead on the DNA-CNTPE. The curves were obtained within a concentration range of 50 $ngL^{-1}-20mgL^{-1}$ with preconcentration time of 100, 200, and 400 sec at the concentration of $mgL^{-1}$, ${\mu}gL^{-1}$, and $ngL^{-1}$, respectively. The observed relative standard deviation was 0.101% (n = 12) in the lead concentration of 30.0 ${\mu}gL^{-1}$ under optimum conditions. The low detection limit (S/N) was pegged at 8 $ngL^{-1}$ ($2.6{\times}10^{-8}M$). Results showed that the developed method can be used in real-time assay in vivo without requiring any pretreatment and pharmaceutical samples, and food samples, as well as other materials requiring water source contamination analyses.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 2017

Salt, as food, is the most essential element for human survival due to its significant physiological functions. Here, we report the simultaneous detection of Pb and Cd in sea salt by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). Stripping voltammetric measurements were conducted using a manufactured rotating disk electrode system (MRDES). The detection limit was $3.6{\pm}0.18{\mu}gL^{-1}$ for Pb and $3.9{\pm}0.37{\mu}gL^{-1}$ Cd in NaCl solution. When the pH increased from 5.5 to 8.5, the peak currents of Pb and Cd decreased. At a pH of 8.3, the ratio of the current drop compared with that at a pH of 5.5 was 0.6 for Pb and 0.73 for Cd. The concentrations corrected by the current drop are in agreement with the concentrations obtained with ICP (inductively coupled plasma). This system demonstrates the reliable detection of heavy metals in aqueous media and, at a high $Na^+$ concentration, the successful application for the determination of Pb and Cd in sea salts.

• 공업화학
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.505-509
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 사람의 뇌와 신경계통에 나쁜 영향을 주는 납 중금속의 식용 수에서 검출을 쉽게 하기 위해 새로운 탄소나노튜브전극의 사용을 제안하였다. 이를 위해 제작된 탄소나노튜브 전극을 작동전극으로 사용하여 증류수와 수돗물 상태에서의 납이온의 민감도 및 검출한계농도를 네모파 양극 벗김 전압전류법을 이용하여 측정하였다. 실험결과, 납이온의 농도 25~150 ppb의 범위에서 탄소나노튜브전극에 의한 납이온의 민감도 및 이론적으로 계산된 검출한계농도는 이온수에 근거한 0.1 M 황산전해질에서 $12.85\;{\mu}A/{\mu}M$ 및 26 ppb, 수돗물에 근거한 황산전해질에서 $10.36\;{\mu}A/{\mu}M$ 및 38 ppb이었다. 실험적으로 납의 검출한계 농도를 측정하였을 때, 증류수 및 수돗물에 근거한 전해질에서 그 값은 4 ppb 및 10 ppb를 나타내었다. 또한, 납의 벗김 반응은 순환 전압 전류법 분석에 의해 표면반응에 의해 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 납 민감도는 다른 참고문헌들에 의한 값들과 비교되었고 그 결과 본 연구에 의한 납 분석결과가 더 우수함을 알 수 있었다.