• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2005

Objectives : To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of manual acupuncture at Sam-hwang points on hepatotoxicity in $CCl_4$-intoxicated rats. Methods : Rats were injected intraperitoneally with $CCl_4$(1ml/kg) and treated with manual acupuncture at left Sam-hwang points 3 times a week for 10 weeks. A non-acupoint in left Gluteal area was selected as a sham point. Acupuncture was performed by an experienced acupuncture doctor using tonifying manipulation technique. To estimate the effects on hepatotoxici쇼, body weight and liver weight of rats were measured, and biochemical assays(ALT, AST, ALP, Total cholesterol, etc.) and blood cell analysis were performed. Results : Manual acupuncture with tonifying technique at Sam-hwang points reduced liver weight, ALT, AST, ALP activities and total cholesterol in serum significantly compared with control group. In blood cell analysis, WBC and lymphocytes were reduced but neutrophil was increased by manual acupuncture at Sam-hwang points in rats. Conclusions : Manual acupuncture with tonifying technique at Sam-hwang points has an hepatoprotective effect on $CCl_4$-induced liver damage in rats.

• 한국기계연구소 소보
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• s.16
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• pp.83-94
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• 1986

Grinding machine, one of the precision machine tool, requires high accuracy in spindle system. But, recent Inspection and Test reports by KIMM shows high inferio¬rity ratio in home-made grinding machines and points out that this is mainly due to the lack of design ability and assembling technique of spindle system. In this paper, therefore, static stiffness, dynamic characteristics, thermal defor¬mation and error motion of spindle system were studied. With these results, we presented the general data to design and assemble the spindle system. Test of spindle system modified by this study showed that several factors affecting machining accuracy were improved largely.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.695-703
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• 2013

In this study, the effects of four major river project and Kumho River, second biggest branch of Nakdong River, were investigated to provide basic data for proper management of Nakdong River's water quality. Daily sampling processes at three different points, Munsanri (the upper side of Kangjung-Koryung weir), Kangchang (the outlet of the Kumho River) and Samunjin (the lower side of Kangjung-Koryung weir and junction of Kumho River and Nakdong River), were conducted from May 1st 2011 to Sep. 4th 2011. Water samples were analyzed for nine factors, DO, BOD, COD, T-N, T-P, pH, turbidity, SS, and coliform. As demonstrated by the results, concentrations of BOD, T-N, T-P and coliform at Nakdong River were affected by water quality of Kumho River while SS and turbidity were affected by constructions for Kangjung-Koryung weir. Further studies, for example, affects of wastewater treatment facilities, should be followed.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.185-205
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• 2008

As time to market and rapid reaction to changes in demand is much required, agile software development methodologies whose characteristics are great adaptability and short iteration developments are getting more popular. Though there have been a number of literature suggesting the great potential of agile software development, some recent studies have also mentioned its limitations. We believe there remains much confusion as to whether agile approaches are good to introduce or not. In an effort to provide 'real' characteristics of agile development, this paper evaluates Scrum, one of the most used agile approaches, using a software measurement framework. It also presents a Scrum measurement case study of a web portal company. We believe this study will provide some concrete guidelines as to whether Scrum is worth, what are weak points, and how to control the agile process in order to get over the weakness.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.748-752
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• 2014

Background Gynecomastia is benign enlargement of breast tissue in males and is fairly common. Mastectomy not only helps in improving the shape of anterior chest, but can also improve the location of nipple. Therefore, a principle element of mastectomy design is defining the normal location of nipple based on major anatomical reference points. Here, the nipple location was compared for before and after gynecomastia surgery. In addition, the same was also compared between male patients undergoing gynecomastia surgery and control group of subjects without gynecomastia. Methods We retrospectively analyzed gynecomastia patients who underwent conventional subcutaneous mastectomy. Preoperative and postoperative anatomical landmark distances and chest circumferences were measured and compared to the same anthropometric data from 20 healthy adult male controls. Results Nipple locations were compared among 13 patients and 20 controls. The mean weight of resected breast tissue was 246 g, and overall patient satisfaction grade was 4.3 out of 5. In the patient group, the slopes for the height-distance from the sternal notch to the nipple and chest circumference-distance between the mid-line of the sternum and the nipple were 0.175 and 0.125 postoperatively, respectively. The slopes of the control group were 0.122 and 0.177, respectively; these differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Nipple positions were considerably lower in patients with gynecomastia than in control subjects. Subcutaneous mastectomy was associated with mild elevations, but postoperative locations were still lower compared to controls. Further efforts are needed to improve the location of postoperative nipple-areola complex in patients with gynecomastia.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2009

Purpose: Good color match holds a key position in facial reconstruction for good aesthetic result. To correct the wide facial soft tissue defect were usually used the tissue expanded cheek flap, deltopectoral flap or radial forearm free flap. This study is aimed to analyse the color difference after flap surgery by using chromameter. Method: From August 1995 to December 2006, 30 patients underwent flap operations were chosen randomly and evaluated color differences between flap site and adjacent skin. Reconstructive procedures included tissue expanded cheek flap(n = 10), deltopectoral flap(n = 10), and radial forearm free flap(n = 10). The measured sites were flap center within a radius of 1 ㎝ and four points of adjacent skin along the flap margin. The color was quantified in a three dimensional coordinate system $L^*$ (brightness), $a^*$ (redness), $b^*$ (yellowness). Results: There was no significant color difference between the pedicled flaps(tissue expanded cheek flap and deltopectoral flap) and adjacent skin area. On the other hand, color values of the radial forearm free flap were statistically different from those of adjacent skin area. Total color difference(${\Delta}E$) of tissue expanded cheek flap and deltopectoral flap were $7.45{\pm}5.78$ versus $9.41{\pm}7.09$, and that of radial forearm free flap was $11.74{\pm}3.85$. They suggest that pedicled flaps have a potential of better color match than radial forearm free flap. Conclusion: Thus, better esthetic result and satisfaction is more likely to be expected in pedicled flaps as long as it could be applied comparing radial forearm free flap.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

In recent years, the consumption of livestock products were markedly decreased by awareness of world-widely occurred diseases including mad cow disease, Foot and mouth disease, Hog cholera, and Poultry Influenza virus. the consumers ara also wanting to have highly safe food such as organic animal products because of concerning about residual of antibiotics in animal products. However, disease control and impairment of productivity are the major problem in organic animal production. On these points of view, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of 1% or 2% of dietary probiotics fortified with various minerals on improvement of egg production and egg quality in old lay6r feeding low quality feed mainly composed of food waste, sesame meal, and rice bran. After 4 weeks of experimental feeding, the diameter of spreading of egg white was clearly decreased from 11.2cm of control eggs to 10.5m and 10.1m in 1% and 2% treatment group eggs, respectively. The color of egg yolk was 9.3 in control eggs but remarkably increased in treatment groups showing 10.1~10.2. Egg production was 75.8% in control layers but significantly increased to 79.8% of 1% treatment group and 82.9% of 2% treatment group layers. Egg weights (C : 66.3g, 1% : 73.2g, and 2% : 76.7g) and egg shell thickness (C : 0.33mm, 1% : 0.35mm and 2% : 0.36mm) were also increased by the addition of 1% or 2% of probiotics when compared to those of control group eggs. All together, it has been suggested that dietary addition of probiotics fortified with various minerals can improve the egg quality and egg production in layer's productivities by the recycling of organic waste resources such as food waste and agricultural by-products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.382-389
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• 2021

By applying super-high pressure (150-250 MPa) to a sealed pressure vessel, it is possible to make oyster shucking machine that automatically opens two-sheet shellfish or oysters. Possibility of developing a shucking machine was confirmed by identifying the working pressure for meat of oysters produced in the southern coast and conducting sensory evaluation of meat oysters. As a result of confirming the shucked oysters under super-high pressure of 150 MPa in the pressure vessel, the number of type A with separated shells and well-separated meat was 22 and type B with both shells and internal meat and shells not separated. For the oysters that were treated at 175 MPa, there were 58 type As with shell separated and meat well separated and 42 type Bs without oyster shells and insides. When looking at the oysters shucked at 200 MPa in the pressure vessel, the number of type A was 86 and type B was 14 accounting for 86% of oysters with good marketability. As a result of shucking oysters by applying 250 MPa, 96% type A oysters and 4% type B oysters were obtained from the total specimen. The total specimen oyster weight used in the conducted experiment was 6 kg, the average oyster shell weight was 3.99 kg and the average oyster meat weight was 1.25 kg. Therefore, the fatness of oyster meat, which measures the added value of oysters, is 20.8%. Sensory evaluation was conducted on thinned oysters by hand and type A oysters shelled by machine with an operating pressure of 200 MPa. The hand-worked oyster sample scored 4.7 points only in salty taste, and scored 5.0 or higher in color, shape, smell, fishy taste, texture and preference.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.23
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• pp.241-292
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• 2014

This article as an attempt to analyze Jin-beop-joo(眞法呪, incantation of true law) and the view of Yang-wui Sangje(兩位上帝, Sangje in two Godship) corresponds to the second preliminary work prior to the research on the view of Sangje in Daesoonjinrihoe. The points of this article are as follows: First, Jin-beop-joo and 15 Godship(神位) based hereupon are one of the most essential elements comprising the view of Sangje in Daesoonjinrihoe. Since the other Jeungsan line religious orders except Daesoonjinrihoe does not use 15 Godship in explaining and understanding Jeungsan, this fact should be regarded as an important characteristic of Daesoonjinrihoe. Second, 15 Godship is the important installation to assemble Sangje and the other gods in the same place. In Buddhism temples and China-Taoism temples, the gods each are placed in a separate palace. Whereas Sangje and the gods are concentrated in the same place, Yound-Dae(靈臺) which is the shrine of Daesoonjinrihoe. This fact shows Sangje takes the reins to the gods visually. 15 Godship facilitates that system. Third, the number 15 of 15 Godship symbolizes the natural laws of the cosmos. Thus the shrine of Daesoonjinrihoe implies the law of universe emblematically. Forth, 15 Godship shows that the Highest God in Daesoonjinrihoe are located in the middle of the functional gods ruling over nature like mountain, sea, season, the Great Dipper, and Taoistic or Buddhistic gods like Ok-hwang Sangje(玉皇上帝, The Great Jade Emperor), Seoga-Yeorae(釋迦如來, Tathāgata Buddha), Kwan-seong-Jegoon(關聖帝君, Holy god Guan Yu), along with various envoys and ancestral gods. Besides, considering the fact that the majority of 15 Godship consists of the Eastern deities, it verifies the view of Sangje in Daesoonjinrihoe is built in the Eastern religions. Fifth, whereas the other Jeungsan line religious orders have a tendency of understanding Jeungsan as Ok-hwang Sangje, Daesoonjinrihoe worships Jeungsan as Gu-cheon Sangje(九天上帝), not as Ok-hwang Sangje. This accords with the following fact; Jeungsan is the highest ruling entity in Gu-cheon, whereas in Jinbeonju, which was handed down from Jeungsan, the highest ruling entitiy in Gu-cheon is expressed as a different being from Ok-hwang Sangje. Sixth, Daesoonjinrihoe understands Sangje as the form of two Godship, Yang-wui Sangje, which are Gu-cheon Sangje and Ok-hwang Sangje. Judging from the form of salutation, the status of these two Sangjes are the same. Yet, the object of belief is Gu-cheon Sangje as the highest God, while Ok-hwang Sangje is stipulated as the one who has wielded a true law succeeding to the Gu-cheon Sangje's will. The religious term of Yang-wui Sangje don't imply meaning Gu-cheon Sangje and Ok-hwang Sangje are the same rank. Yang-wui Sangje is the term expresses Sangje in two Godship and involves the orthodox heritage of Daesoonjinrihoe. Along with An Introduction to the Study of the Outlook on the Highest Ruling Entity in Daesoonjinrihoe (I), this article is written, while giving a thought to construct the religiography on the highest God in Daesoonjinrihoe. I hope this article accompanied with the previous one, can be contributed to the fertilization of the soil in the field of Daesoon religious studies.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.203-208
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop a system for the measurement and simulation of the TMJ movement and to analyze the mandibular movement quantitatively. Materials and Methods : We devised patient-specific splints and a registration body for the TMJ movement tracking. The mandibular movements of the 12 subjects with facial deformity and 3 controls were obtained by using an optical tracking system and the patient-specific splints. The mandibular part was manually segmented from the CT volume data of a patient. Three-dimensional surface models of the maxilla and the mandible were constructed using the segmented data. The continuous movement of the mandible with respect to the maxilla could be simulated by applying the recorded positions sequentially. Trajectories of the selected reference points were calculated during simulation and analyzed. Results : The selected points were the most superior point of bilateral condyle, lower incisor point, and pogonion. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between control group and pre-surgical group in the maximum displacement of left superior condyle, lower incisor, and pogonion in vertical direction. Differences in the maximum lengths of the right and the left condyle were 0.59${\pm}$0.30 mm in pre-surgical group and 2.69${\pm}$2.63 mm in control group, which showed a significant difference (P<0.005). The maximum of differences between lengths of the right and the left calculated during one cycle also showed a significant difference between two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion : Significant differences in mandibular movements between the groups implies that facial deformity have an effect on the movement asymmetry of the mandible. (Korean J Oral Maxillofac Radiol 2008; 38 : 203-8)