• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.130-138
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• 2007

To protect the surface of ground-cutting slopes occurring at the national road substitute detour [roundabout road]construction jobsite between Munduk and Wubokgu within the jurisdiction of Pohang-si and environment-friendly road construction, a test execution of re-vegetation measures on the major slopes was done and the results are as follows : As a result of finding out the number of sprouting individuals on the test construction site, the average number of sprouting individuals on the three test spots by the method of revegetation measures D, revegetation measures A, and revegetation measures B was 1,292 number of per square meter, 1,190 number of per square meter, and 1,095 number of per square meter respectively, which statistics were higher than those of test spot by the revegetation measures C. As a result of finding out living plant's breeding index [weight in dried state], the average dried weight of living plant at the test spot by the method of revegetation measures B, in case of foreign herbal species, was the highest marking 8.96 grams per square meter, and the next was 6.86grams per square meter by the method of revegetation measures D, and the next after was 6.80 grams per square meter by the method of revegetation measures A, and the last 5.93 grams per square meter by the method of revegetation measures C. As a result of finding out the covering degree on the slopes, the same average covering degree of 80% and 77.5% in revegetation measures A and revegetation measures D individually, which showed a somewhat higher covering degree than those of revegetation measures B and revegetation measures C. As a result of finding out appearing plants on the test construction site, seeding plant life was found to be sprouting on all test spot while native and foreign herbal species and herbaceous plant as well as shrubs were growing in good harmony with each other. However, in case of revegetation measures B and revegetation measures C method, foreign plant species are dominantly growing. As a result of inspecting rifts on the slopes and the excavated state by water, there existed cracks in some of base materials only in revegetation measures C method applied spot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

A variety of revegetation methods are being utilized and developed. However, most of revegetation methods used on highway slopes in Korea are based on foreign-introduced plant varieties to stabilize road surfaces and to administer afforestation for surface covering at an earlier phase. Therefore. it results in various problems. such as failure to achieve harmony with the surrounding vegetation and 10 cause re-denudation of slopes as the foreign-in introduced plant varieties wane out from 2~3 years after hydro-seeding, etc. In addition, some of the revegetation plants seeded in the earlier phase grow excessively high, thus causes successional problems, such as to inhibit the invasion of the secondary vegetation from the surrounding areas, etc. Therefore, in this study, 160 slopes located in the nationwide express highways have been investigated and analyzed in order to produce basic data for restoration of ecological environment in slopes created on a long-term basis by investigating and analyzing locational characteristics of cut and filled slopes in express highways, status of revegetation methods, characteristics of soil and plant-ecological environment. 1. Investigation on cut and embanked slopes in express highways was carried out in the total of 160 locations, which include 108 cut slopes and 52 embanked slopes. As a whole, the most frequently used revegetation method was seed spray, which was found to be used in the total of 55 target slops investigated. 2. Planting method of Wistaria floribunda applied to some of the blasted rock zones was found to cause damages as Wistaria floribunda trailed up the surrounding vegetation and the secondary invaded trees. In order to prevent this, this method must be used only in the lowest parts of large-sized slopes. Also, it will be required to administer continuous management and maintenance in the areas already planted with this plants. 3. The areas of blasted rock and ripping rock slopes were applied with coir net (net + seeding) method. However, many of these areas failed in achieving ground covering. Most areas where revegetation was in progress, they were covered with Eragrostis curvula(Weeping lovegrass) only. In areas with soil, such as decomposition of granite, where afforestation is difficult. In this slopes, soil base must be improved by hrdroseeding with thin-layer vegetation base application methods in order to achieve success in afforestation with native plants. 4. Woody species, rather than herb species, are more helpful in stabilization of slope surfaces. Therefore, it is important to be able to grow and protect woody species on highway slopes. Growth of woody vegetation is most largely influenced by soil depth. Thus, when hydro-seeding woody plants, it is recommended to apply at the upper layer of the slopes, which is capable to sufficiently provide the fundamentals required in plant growth.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.261-264
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• 2004

New orchardgrass(Dactylis glomerata L.) variety named as 'Kordi' was developed by the National Livestock Research Institute(NLRI) in 2003. Five superior clones on selected to develope the new variety of orchardgrass, and polycrossed for synthetic seed production. Synthetic seeds were examined on the agronomic growth characteristics and forage production at Suwon from 1995 to 1998, and regional trials were conducted in Suwon, Pyungchang and Jeju from 2001 to 2003 and Icsan in 2003, respectively. 'Kordi' showed semi-erect growth habit in fall and spring, and long type in length of flag leaf and short in upper internode. Plant height of 'Kordi' was little short compared to that of standard variety, Ambassador, and heading date was delayed about 3 days as 14th May compared to Ambassador. Characters such as winter hardiness. lodging tolerance, regrowth, disease resistance of 'Kordi' were stronger or better than those of Ambassador. 'Kordi' showed $10\%$ higher dry matter yield as 15,174 kg/ha compared to Ambassador. Nutritive value was appeared to be similar in both varieties.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2004

Jeju native sorghum was grown at six spot seeding rates (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) from April 3 to september 6, 2000 in Jeju island to determine influence of number of seeds per hill in dibbling on agronomic characters, forage yield and qualities. Days to heading was increased as number of seeds per hill was increased. Plant height with three seeds per hill (206.7 cm) was the longest, while with six seeds per hill (175.2 cm) was the shortest. Fresh forage, dry matter and crude protein yield and total digestible nutrient (TDN) were the greatest at the three seeds per hill (48.1, 10.1, 0.9, 5.1 MT/ha). Crude protein, crude fat and nitrogen-tree extract (NFE) increased with the number of seeds per hill increased but crude fiber and crude ash decreased.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.179-186
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• 1989

According to the results from the experiments of selecting a suitable variety of forage rape and comparing productivity and nutrient quality between forage rape and oil seed rape, Velox appeared to be the most suitable variety in terms of productivity and nutrient quality at the southern area of Korea among the varieties used in the experiments. Consequently, Velox was grown under two different cultural methods, individual culture and population culture, and productivity and variation of nutrient quality during the growth period were observed and compared between the cultural methods. The results from the experiment are summarized as follows: 1. Although variations were great in plant fresh weight and plant dry matter weight among plants, individual culture showed significantly higher value in these characters at the 1 % level than population culture. Plant fresh weight and plant dry matter weight were largely dependent upon the amount of branches in case of individual culture. However, in population culture, they were equally dependent upon the amount of branches and main stem. There was no significant difference in dry matter percentage between cultural methods, and main stem showed highest dry matter percentage. 2. Content of crude protein was decreasing gradually as plants continued to grow. Individual culture showed higher content of crude protein than population culture from 90 to 120 days after sowing but vice versa from 180 days after sowing to flowering stage. Contents of fiber such as NDF, ADF, cellulose and lignin was low at the early stage of growth. It was increasing gradually as plants grew older and at the latter stage of growth plants under individual culture showed higher values in contents of fiber. 3. In vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of both stems and leaves was decreasing gradually as plants grew older. Plants under individual culture showed higher IVDMD of stems than plants under population culture, but no significant difference in IVDMD of leaves was observed between cultural methods.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 1999

This study was conducted to evaluate the dry matter yield, quality and utilization of nutrients of wild Korean lespedeza as a forage legume sources. Dry matter(DM) yield of stages, chemical composition and DM digestibility were observed, also DM intake, digestibility and utilization of nitrogen and energy by Korean native goats were determined. Experimental diets include three treatrnents ; mixture grass hay(GS), GS 80% + lespedeza(LA) 20% and GS 60% + LA 40%, respectively. The DM yield of Korean lespedeza(LA) with advancing the growing stage tended to significantly increase(P<0.05). The average DM yield was observed 7,336kg/ha. CP content of LA tended to decrease, but fiber content tended to increase at growing stage advanced(P<0.05). The tannin content of LA was highest in bud stage (54.5mg/g), but tended to decrease at growing stage advanced, lowest in seed ripe stage(26.8mg/g) (P<0.05). With increasing the level of LA supplementation, DM intake by Korean native goats slightly increased, but no differences were observed in all diets. The digestibility of DM, cellular constituents and NDF were slightly lower for GS 100% diets than LA 20% and 40% supplemented diets(P<0.05). Apparently digested N% was not detected significant differences in all diets, but retained N and biological value were higher for LA supplemented diets than for GS 100% diets (P<0.05). Utilization of DE and ME was not detected significant differences in all diets. Above the results, it could be suggested that LA have a potential to provide as forage legume sources considering the DM yield, DM digestibility and nitrogen utilization.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.273-280
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• 1999

Hypocotyl explants of Medicago saliva cv. Vernal were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with various combinations of growth regulators. After six weeks of culture, somatic embryos were formed from calli on MS medium containing $4mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D and $0.1mg/{\ell}$ kinetin, or $4mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D and $0.5mg/{\ell}$ kinetin. The mature somatic embryos were developed to plantlets when subcultured on MS basal medium. In order to obtain secondary somatic embryogenic calli, cotyledon of regenerated plantlets were cultured on a callus induction medium. Embryogenic calli were formed on MS medium containing $4mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D alone. For induction and development of secondary somatic embryogenesis, the embryogenic calli were transferred to MS basal medium containing either 2,4-D or NAA. Multi-secondary somatic embryogenesis was the most effective on MS basal medium with $0.1mg/{\ell}$ 2,4-D. The rate of secondary somatic embryo formation of regenerated plants was 18 times higher than that of seed grown plants. The mature secondary somatic embryo were germinated into plantlets on MS basal medium after six weeks of culture.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.742-746
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• 1999

Contents of mineral element and cytokinin in the xylem sap of 'Keumdongee' and 'Tongilhwang' oriental melons were compared with those in oriental melons grafted onto 8 rootstocks. The effect of grafting on the fruit quality of oriental melon was also investigated. Flesh firmness varied with rootstocks. Soluble solids contents in the placenta tissue of grafted 'Tongilhwang' were higher than that in the 'Keumdongee'. Electric conductivity of the xylem sap in own-rooted plants was higher in 'Keumdongee' than in 'Tongilhwang', but it increased in 'Tongilhwang' once they were grafted. The sap volume per plant was greater in 'Keumdongee' than in 'Tongilhwang'. The mineral concentrations varied considerably depending on the rootstock used. Xylem sap of grafted oriental melons contained a higher amount of mineral ions, especially $NO_3{^-}$ and $PO_4{^-}$, than did the sap in own-rooted plants. The increase in the mineral levels in sap due to grafting was most apparent in 'Tongilhwang'. Xylem sap from both 'Keumdongee' and 'Tongilhwang' contained trans-zeatin (t-Z), trans-zeatin riboside (t-ZR), and dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR). Small amounts of isopentenyl adenine (IPA) and isopentenyl adenine riboside (IPAR) were also detected. Trans-zeatin riboside was the most abundant, followed by t-Z. Cytokinin concentration in 'Keumdongee' was not significantly influenced by rootstock type used, although the highest concentration of cytokinins in 'Keumdongee' was obtained with 'Chamtozwa' rootstock. However, the cytokinin concentration in 'Tongilhwang' increased with grafting irrespective of rootstock type used.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.702-709
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• 2014

Luffa cylindrica Roem (sponge gourd) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family and has been cultivated as an ornamental plant in Korea. Recently, its cultivation area has been increased with an increase in demand for it as an ingredient in cosmetics, herbal medicines, and health supplements. We analyzed inorganic components of sap collected from land race sponge gourds. We also measured antioxidant enzyme activities and antimicrobial activities of the plant, seed, and sap to examine functional properties of sponge gourd. The sap of the sponge gourd contained high levels of K, Ca, P, and Mg, with the most abundant mineral in the sap being K ($470mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). The amounts of Ca and Mg were 2 and 1.7 times more than those found in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), respectively. Ascorbate peroxidase was more active than catalase and superoxide dismutase in various plant parts of sponge gourd. Antioxidant activities were much lower in stems than in other plant parts such as leaves, roots, flowers, fruits, seeds, and sap. In addition, sap showed a very low level of antimicrobial activity against two food-borne pathogens, Vibrio parahaemdyticus and Propionibacterium acne, and none against the other eight tested food-borne pathogens. Antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur, which causes dermatitis, appeared to be higher in sap than in other parts of sponge gourd plants. Overall, the antimicrobial activity against Malassezia furfur appeared to be higher than against Candida albicans.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.703-708
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• 2005

This study was carried out to compare the antioxidant activities of the ether, butanol, water extracts from chestnut inner shell(Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc.) with those of tocopherol and BHA in soybean oil. All additives were added to soybean oil on the quantities of 0.02%. Comparing the antioxidant activities under autooxidation condition at $45.0{\pm}0.5$ for 42days of the extracts were recorded in the order of butanol>ether>control>BHA>tocopherol depending on the solvent. Under the condition at $60.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ for 32days, the butanol extracts represented the high antioxidation effect, however, there was no significant differences between the ether extracts and control. Under thermal oxidation condition, the ether extract showed stronger antioxidant activity than those of the butanol extract. In the results of polyphenol compound analysis, ellagic acid, quercetin, morin, naringenin, flavanol were included in the ether extracts and ellagic acid, naringenin, gallic acid, flavanol were included in the butanol extracts, respectively. Among them, ellagic acid in ether extract and gallic acid and naringenin in butanol extracts seed to increase the antioxidant activities in the substrate oil.