• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
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• pp.539-546
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• 1996

The physical condition of rapeseed delivered to fat industry plants plays a significant role in the formation of the qualitative features of the raw material for oil production and, consequently , of the oil itself. Rapeseed is stored in silos , frequently for months, before it is subjected to processing. During the long storage, the conditions of the seed cover is very important, as the seed cover provides natural protection of the seed against the effect of the environment. Seeds with damaged seed cover are more easily affected by mildew, and the rate of chemical processes. Deteriorating the quality of oil contained in the cotyledons is faster in such seeds. Cracked seed covers facilitates also the growth and development of microorgaism. So as rapeseed damage occurring inthe course of harvest and the post-harvest processing have a negative effect of the quality and quantity of oil the sees contain. The study presented here was aimed at examining the typical process of purcha ing and handling of rapeseed in fat industry plants, in the aspect of the occurrence of mechanical damage to the seeds. Special attention was paid to the condition of rapeseed immediately after combine harvesting : next , the successive stages of technological handling of the seed were examined. observing the operation parameters of the particular machinery and equipment in order to identify those operations which caused deterioration in the quality of the material (sees). Seed samples were taken successively from the following the hopper, prior to cleaning , after cleaning , prior to drying , after drying, from dry rape silo. The total level of damage increased through the handling. The content of unusable contaminants had the tendency to decrease in the successive operations. though the actual values still exceeded levels permitted by standards. The study allow to indicate the operation fo postharvest technological process, which cause the most seed damage as well as gave quantita ive description of the losses occurred.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2019

The questionnaire survey was conducted on 225 farmers in Gyeonggi-do, Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do. A total of 189 (84%) farmers responded. 72% of the respondents were males, 50.3% were aged 60 or older, and 51.3% had less than 5 years of farming experience. 78.8% of the respondents are pesticide-free, and 44.4% of respondents have less than 0.5 ha of farming scale. 61.4% of the cultivated crops were vegetable crops. The order of seeds and seedlings to buy was tomato (23.3%), cucumber (12.2%) and pepper (10.6%). The cost of purchasing seeds ranged from a minimum of 100,000 won to a maximum of 5 million won. 78.3% of respondents answered that they well-knew or knew about organic seeds. 78.3% of respondents answered that they knew or knew about organic seeds. Of the positive effects of mandatory use of organic seeds, 41.3% of respondents said they would increase confidence in organic certification. However, 41% of respondents who opposed the mandatory use of organic seeds said that "The strengthening of regulations will make organic agriculture more difficult." When the use of organic seeds is mandatory, 43.4% of the respondents favor direct support for the purchase of organic seeds, which should be supported politically by the state. When organic seeds were supplied, the disease resistant seeds (53.4%) was the preferred characteristic of organic seeds. For the optimal price of organic seeds, 38.6% of respondents wanted the same price as the commercialized conventional seed. In this study, the questionnaire was conducted for three major organic farming regions, but many of the respondents were judged to have a legal position on the mandatory use of organic seeds. Therefore, the results of this study can be used as a basic data for reviewing the legislation on the organic seed production and distribution suitable for the situation of Korean organic farming.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.267-288
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• 2010

The collapse of housing market bubble in United States had a considerable impact on the world economy. The collapse of housing market bubble in United States generates the global financial crisis at the worldwide level. The housing market bubble question the efficacy of fundamental proposition of orthodox economics based on the rationality of human choice. According to neuroeconomics and neuroscience, emotion and affect play the important role in purchasing the commodity in retails market. On the basis of the neuroeconomics, this study focuses on the role of affect and emotion in the purchase of subprime loan in United States. Robert Schiller suggests that one of the causes of housing market bubble is the contagion effect of human belief in the society. The structure of this paper is as follows. First, this study investigates the mechanism of human brain and role of various neurons to influence the human behavior in the purchase of house in United States, such as Dophamine neuron and mirroring neuron. Second, this study shows the possibility that the mirror neuron might explain the contagion of human belief in housing transaction market. It can be a seed of housing market bubble. Furthermore, this study show the implications of neuroeconomics is suggestive to the negotiation process in commercial policy in United States.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.831-842
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• 1996

Demand for high quality medical care has recently been increasing in step with high level of income and education. Patients prefer the use of large general hospitals to small community hospitals. Large hospitals, usually located at urban area, expand their capacities to cope with the increasing demand, therefore, they easily secure revenue necessary for growth and development of hospitals. However, small community hospitals are facing with serious financial difficulties caused from the reduction of patients in one hand and the inflation of cost in another. If small rural hospitals were closed, the closure would have negative impacts on local economies in addition to the decrease in access to medical care. Community leaders should have an insight on the contribution of community hospitals to local economies. They could make a rational decision on the hospital closure only with the understanding of hospital's contribution to the community. This study is designed to develop an economic model to estimate the contribution of rural hospital to local economies, and also to apply this model with a specific hospital. The contribution of a hospital to local economies consists of two elements, direct effect and multiplier effects. The direct impacts include hospital's local purchasing power, employee's local purchasing power, and the consumption of patients coming from outside the community. The direct impact induces multiplication effect in the local economy. The seed money invested to other industries grows through economic activities in the region. This study estimated the direct effect with the data of expenditure of the case hospital. The total effect was calculated by multiplied the direct effect with a multiplier. The multiplier was drown from the ratio of marginal propensity of income and expenditure. Beside the estimation of the total impacts, the economic effect from the external resources was also analyzed by the use of the ratio of patients coming outside the region. The results are as follows. 1. The direct economic contribution of the hospital to the local economy is 1,104 million won. 2. The value of multiplier in the region is 2.976. 3. The total economic effect is 3,286 million won, and the multiplication effect is 2,182 million won. 4. The economic contribution from the external resources is 245 million won which is 7.5% of the total economic effect.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권3호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2018

본 연구는 고사리, 곰취, 산마늘 등 주요 산채류에 대한 재배공정을 조사하여 소득분석을 실시함으로써 향후 임산물에 대한 손실보상 기준 및 임업경영진단 등에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 실시하였다. 조사결과 품목별 재배형태는 크게 노지재배와 산지재배로 구분되었다. 품목별 단위면적당($3.3m^2$) 연간 평균소득은 고사리 노지재배는 6.5천원, 고사리 산지재배는 3.2천원, 곰취 노지재배는 20.4천원, 산마늘 노지재배는 20.9천원, 산마늘 산지재배는 7.3천원 등으로 나타났다. 특히, 최근 소비자 수요가 크게 증가하고 있는 산마늘과 곰취의 노지재배 단위면적당($3.3m^2$) 연간 평균소득은 고사리에 비해서 매우 높은 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 원인은 고사리 재배 시 경영비(토지임차료, 고용노동비)의 투입비중이 타 품목에 비해 매우 높기 때문이다. 연간 평균소득이 높은 곰취와 산마늘의 경우 종묘 및 종근 구입 등 초기 투자비용이 경영비의 평균 40% 이상을 차지하고 있어 향후 농산촌지역의 소득원 및 재배 활성화를 위해서는 이에 대한 정부의 적절한 지원이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1977

To get a basic information for improving Korean's pattern of comsuming red pepper and the possibility of its industrial production, consumer's ways of red pepper processing and his present dietary habits were surveyed and the results are follows; (1) Korean's daily consumption of red pepper was on the average 9.2 g on the basis of the whole dried red pepper. (2) The tendency of evading the home drying method was increased; 72.22% in urban community and 50.4% in rural community purchased the dried red pepper in the lump yearly. The household purchasing the fresh red pepper and using the home drying was 27.8% in urban community and 49.6% in rural community, so one third of urban household was still using the home drying method. The case of dependence on tine drying factory was no more than 2.6%. (3) Drying method was mainly sun drying which done on the poor circumstance like as the street side without the proper equipment of drying. Home process of red pepper by housewife was 70.8%, and the old, housekeeper were only 7.3% respectively. (4) The hygienic sense in the drying was rare; 68.8% was not washed and 51.9% of decayed red pepper was eaten. (5) Koreans prefered the strong pungency, deep red color and fine powder form. (6) While the 45.5% of seed was collected by second hand dealer and made use of as resources of edible oil, it was not used effectively due to complexity of its collection system. (7) While 40.1% desired the improvement of red pepper dietary life, 41.1% distrusted the present commercial red pepper powder on the market. From the results above, we conclude the fact many households have still hygienically poor red pepper processed at home, in spite of the red pepper is one of the most important spices in Korea. Considering the growing urban population, reduction of unemployed labor due to the increasing nuclear family and hygienic problems caused by the serious pollution, the improvement of red pepper processing method is urgently required. And it is believed that red pepper has a good prospect to be processed on the industrial scale in Korea.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.181-186
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• 1994

산천궁(山川芎)의 노두(蘆頭)와 근경(根莖)을 봄과 가을에 식재(植栽)하여 1년(年) 또는 2년간(年間)을 재배(栽培)하였을 때의 지상부(地上部) 생육특성(生育特性)과 수량(收量)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1. 생육기간중(生育期間中) 초장(草長), 주당엽수(株當葉數) 및 경수(莖數)는 근경(根莖) 춘식(春植) 2년생(年生) > 근경(根莖) 추식(秋植) 1년생(年生) > 노두(蘆頭) 추식(秋植) 1년생(年生) > 노두(蘆頭) 춘식(春植) 1년생(年生)의 순(順)이었으며 근경(根莖) 춘식(春植) 2년생(年生)의 경우는 생육기간(生育後期)에 경수(莖數)가 급속히 감소(減少)되었다. 2. 노두(蘿頭) 춘식(春種) 1년생(年生)의 경우 건엽중(乾葉重)과 엽면적(葉面積), 엽면적(葉面積) 지수(指數)는 8월(月) 16일(日)에 최고에 달하였으며 건경중(乾莖重)과 건근경중(乾根莖重)은 수확시(收穫時)까지 계속 증가(增加)되었다. 3. 수권적기(收權適期)는 근경(根莖) 춘식(春植) 2년생(年生)의 경우 10월(月) 17일(日), 근경(根莖) 춘식(秋植) 1년생(年生)과 노두(蘆頭) 춘식(秋植) 1년생(年生)은 11월(月) 9일(日), 노두(蘆頭) 춘식(春植) 1년생(年生)은 11월(月) 13일(日)로 추정(推定)되었다. 4. 근경(根莖) 식재(植栽) 2년생(年生)의 수량(收量)은 443kg/10a으로 근경(根莖) 식재(植栽) 1년생(年生)의 수량(收量) 194kg /10a에 비해 2.8배(倍)가 증가(增加)되었다. 5. 식재시기(植栽時期)는 가을식재(植栽)가 봄식재(植栽)보다 증가(增收)되었으며, 종구(種球)는 근경(根莖) 식재(植栽)가 노두(蘆頭) 식재(植栽)보다 수량(收量)은 17% 증가(增加)되었지만 종구비(種球費)가 많이 소요(所要)되므로 경제적(經濟的)으로는 노두(蘆頭) 식재(植栽)가 유용(有利)할 것으로 판단(判斷)되었다.별(部位別)로 비교(比較)했을 때 thymol, ${\gamma}-terpinene$은 잎에서 많이 검출(檢出)되었으나 f-cymene은 잎보다는 꽃에서 특징적(特徵的) 으로 많이 검출(檢出)되는 경향(傾向)을 보였다.{\beta}-gurjunene$, ar-curcumene+geranvl acetate 등의 함량비가 높아 생강의 부위에 따른 항기 성분 조성 pattern 또한 상당한 차이를 보였다.다 유의하게 낮았다(P<0.01). 백신 접종후 부작용 발생률이 피내주사군에서 31.6%로서 근육주사군의 14.8%보다 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 근육주사군에서는 피로감, 발열 등의 전신부작용과 주사부위의 동통이 흔히 나타났으며, 피내주사군에서는 색소침착 등의 국소부작용이 흔하게 나타났다. 결 론 : 유전자재조합 B형간염백신은 항체양전율이나 항체역가면에서 0, 1, 2개월 방법보다는 0, 1, 6개월 방법 이 효과적이며, 소량 피내접종에 의한 면역효과는 기존의 근육주사법과 동등한 것으로 사료된다. 후 일초 노력성 호기량은 수술 후 24시간에서 $1.33{\pm}0.56L,\;1.00{\ge}0.28L$로 유의한 차이를 보였고(t=2.530, P=0.017), 술 후 72시간에서 $1.72{\pm}0.65L,\;1.33{\pm}0.3L$로 유의한 차이를 보였다(t=2.540, P=0.016). 6) 대상자의 술 후 폐환기능에 영향을 미치는 요인은 성별로 나타났다. 이에 따른 폐환기능의 차이를 보면, 실험군의 술 후 노력성 폐활량이 48시간에 남자($1.78{\pm}0.61L$)가 여자($1.27{\pm}0.45L$)보다 더 높게 나타났으며 (t=2.170, P=0.042), 72시간에도 역시 남자($2.16{\pm}0.56L$)가 여자($1.