• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2001

This study identified self-image of the eldery wemen by relatied to body-satisfaction, self-image, shopping-orientatons. For study, a questionnaire was used a method of mearsurement and eldery women in seoul and kyunggi were selected as a sample. Data was processed by SPSS PC+ program and analyzed by using frequency, percentage, t-test, factor analysis and Pearson's correlation. As a result, the body-satisfaction of eldery women was very low, their pursuiting self-image was gracios, younger, noble. The self-image classified grace attraction factor, intelligence factor and activity factor. Relationship between body-satisfaction and self-images was significant to gracious attractive factor and active factor. The shopping-orientatons classified brand name disply factor, personality pride factor, pratical benefit factor, prudence factor, planning purchase factor. Shopping-orientatons and self-images were significant to Pearson's correlation. The aim of this study help fashion contractors and retailers to establish effective marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.740-749
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of perceptual self-concept and evaluative self-concept (self-esteem) on the clothing behavior of college students. The subjects of this study were college students who were attended in Semyung University. For statistical analysis, factor analysis, 1-test, Pearson's correlation and two-way ANOVA were used. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Male students showed higher evaluative self.concept than female students. 2. Shopping motivation was varied according to self-concept especially in male students. And in fashion pursuit factor, sex and self-concept had the main effect and concurrently there was interaction. 3. Clothing interest was varied according to self-concept. About fashion interest, sex had the main effect and sex and self-concept showed the interaction. 4. Clothing satisfaction was changed according to self-concept. Self-concept showed the main effect in fashionable factor and practical factor, and sex and self-concept had interaction in fashionable factor.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.273-289
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of the susceptibility of global consumer culture. As determinants, materialism and self monitoring as psychological variables and fashion clothing product knowledge as clothing-related variable were included. It was hypothesized that both psychological variables and clothing-related variable influence susceptibility of global consumer culture. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul metropolitan area, using convenience sampling, and 311 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, exploratory factor analysis using SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using AMOS were conducted. Factor analysis of susceptibility of global consumer culture revealed four dimensions, 'social prestige' factor, 'quality perception' factor, 'conformity to others' factor, and 'conformity to consumption trend' factor. In addition, factor analysis of self monitoring revealed three dimensions, 'center-oriented attention' factor, 'situation-appropriate self-presentation' factor, and 'strategic displays of self-presentation' factor. The results showed that all the fit indices for the variable measures were quite acceptable. In addition, the overall fit of the model suggests that the model fits the data well. Tests of the hypothesized path show that all variables except for the one factor of self monitoring, 'center-oriented attention', and materialism influence all the factors of susceptibility of global consumer culture. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future study are also discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.751-759
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• 1998

The study of the validity test on the self-monitoring scale for nurses In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of the self-monitoring scale. The self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen(1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity were found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale did not factor-load at over. 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lacks convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale failed to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monit oring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitori ng scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified in either in a two or three-factor classification as hypothesized. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used and has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were class ified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's α for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound : however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original nor the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over. 30, too high for the two factors in the test results of Factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors which explain consumer's information search behavior. Data were analyzed by utilizing factor analysis and multiple-regression to investigate the relationship among information sources, benefit, and actual and ideal self- image and demographics. Based on the results, information sources for benefit, actual and ideal self-image were developed. Predictors of information sources, benefits, and self-image were identified. Marketing implication about information sources were discussed. The results were as follows. 1. Actual and ideal self-images and information sources were devised into three factors. And benefits were devised into five factors. 2. Actual self-image has more predicting power than ideal self-image to the benefits which consumer sought. Among five benefits, character pursuit was the best predicted factor according to the self-image. 3. Among three information sources, mass communication was the most effective source which can be explained by the benefit and self-image. Fashion pursuit factor was the most significant factor to the mass communication oriented source.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-95
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• 2015

A responsibility of superior management in an airline has become enormous due to rapid increase of airline's organization and its network. Even though a leadership of superior management is believed to be an important factor, it is almost impossible for management to be responsible for all the areas of an airline organization. This is why leadership should be go down to working level people. Self-leadership means that working level people possess leadership, delegated by their superior persons, and improve their work environment with the leadership as well as related right and responsibility. This paper has tried to find out the components of self-leadership perceived by foreign cabin crews and analyzed the impact of self leadership into airline's organizational effectiveness. Based on empirical research results, this paper would suggest administrative and operational implications of managing foreign cabin crews in K-airline. It was found out foreign cabin crews perceive that self reward and self evaluation have a positive impact on self observation factor. The self observation factor has a significant effect on self goal. The self goal is analyzed as a major factor which results in organizational effectiveness.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.173-186
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• 1998

In this study, both the literary survey as well as empirical research has been executed to test the validity of the scales that measure the construct of self-monitoring scale could not be classified into five factors as Snyder suggested. Many other scholars (Briggs, Cheek and Buss, 1980) suggested 3 different classifications which was accepted by Snyder and Gangestad (1986). John, Cheek and Klohnen (1996) claimed a two-factor classification. As has been discussed, factor analysis is used to prove convergent validity within the factor and discriminant validity between the factors. However, depending on the researchers, many variations in classification of the factors were found and a lack of content and discriminant validity was found in the previous research findings. It is also important to note that Snyder's self-monitoring scale, did not factor-load at over 30 for all 25 items, regardless of how many factors could be classified. According to findings of this study, the self-monitoring scale neither classified as five, three or two factors nor factor loaded as hypothesized. It is also clear that Snyder's self-monitoring scale lack convergent validity as the sub-factors of the scale fail to prove its uni-dimensionality. The A self-monitoring scale not only fail to overcome the problems of Snyder's self-monitoring scale but even lost the attractiveness of the self-monitoring scale. In this study, it was also found that the A self-monitoring scale was not classified as hypothesized in either in a two or three-factor classification. It is, of course, not desirable to use any scale that lacks convergent and discriminant validity even though it has been widely used but also has held a great deal of influence on the field of social psychology. To overcome the shortcomings of Snyder's self-monitoring scale, Lennox and Wolfe(1984) suggested 13 items. This study 1. was dedicated to test the validity and reliability of the scale, in which we found that the data presented in validity as the two factors were classified and loaded as expected. Reliability was also proven by checking Cronbach's alpha for each factor and for the total items. In addition, a confirmatory factor analysis was executed for the 13 items using LISREL 8.12 program to confirm convergent validity in a two-factor classification. The model was fitting and sound ; however, the self-monitoring scale was unfitted and not validated. Thus, it is recommended to use not the original or the abbreviated self-monitoring scale but the 13 items in future studies. It should also be noted that items 7 and 13 should be removed to obtain better uni-dimensionality for the 13 items. These items loaded at over .30, too high for the two factors in the test results of factor analysis. In addition, it is necessary to double-check the cause of two-hold loading at over .30 for the two factors. It could be a problem caused by data or by the scale itself. Therefore, additional studies should follow to better clarify this matter.

• Survey Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.123-140
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to determine the unidimensionality of Grasmick's operationalization of Gottfredson and Hirschi's criminality inducing the concept of low self-control. By applying confirmatory factor analysis procedures that incorporate advances in the application, the proposed six factor model and two alternative models were examined suggesting that Grasmick's low self-control scale actually contains 6 distinguishable factors, not a single factor. The factors identified to be consistent with the six-factor model were impulsivity, simple tasks, risk seeking, physical activities, self-centered, and temper.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.326-336
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• 2017

This study investigates the relevance of stress, self factor and emotional factor, and the influence on Smartphone Addiction Level among college students. The survey was administered to 261 college students in J city from December 16th to 23rd, 2016. The structured self-administered questionaries were used. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the factors with explanatory powers of 52% on Smartphone Addiction Level included physical activity changes, sleep disorders, the self control about self factors, the impulsion of emotional factors. With the analysis of covariance structure, we could confirm the relationship among the four factors such as stress, self factor, emotional factor and Smartphone Addiction Level. The results of the study indicate that the efforts to manage stress, self factors and emotional factors, are required to reduce the Smartphone Addiction Level of the college students. The results are expected to be useful for the development of programs and policy to decrease the Smartphone Addiction Level. In the following study, structural equation modeling about additional factors, which influences on Smartphone Addiction Level, will be needed.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.347-361
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• 1999

This study was undertaken in order to determine the relationship among a health locus of control. self-esteem. perceived health status. and health promoting behavior in order to determine factors affecting health promoting lifestyle in college students. The subject were 137 students of one university in Kyungsan. The analysis of data was done with a mean. percentage. Pearson correlation coefficient. and Stepwise multiple regression with an SAS program. The result of this study ware as follows: 1. Performance in health-promoting behavior was significantly correlated with self-efficacy and self-esteem 2. Performance in self-achievement was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, self-esteem, and perceived health status. Performance in health responsibility was significantly correlated with self-efficacy and self-esteem Performance in exercise was significantly correlated with self-efficacy and perceived health status. Performance in nutrition was significantly correlated with self-efficacy. self-esteem. and perceived health status. Performance in interpersonal support was significantly correlated with self-efficacy. internal locus of control. and self-esteem Performance in stress management was significantly correlated with self-efficacy, self-esteem. and perceived health status. 3. Self-efficacy was the highest factor predicting health promoting lifestyles. 4. Self-efficacy was the highest factor predicting self-achievement. health responsibility. exercise. nutrition. and stress management. Self-esteem was the highest factor predicting interpersonal support. From this research findings, we need to develop health promoting program and health education focusing on exercise, health responsibility for college students.