• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.147-150
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• 1983

To investigate a possibility of producing the antitumor component by shake culture method, the mycelia of Flammulina velutipes were cultured in flasks on a shaker at $26{\sim}28^{\circ}C$ at 180 rpm for seven days. The extract of the mycelia was concentrated under vacuum. The precipitate obtained by adding a three-fold volume of ethanol was centrifugated and freeze-dried after dialysis. The fraction was tested against sarcoma 180 in the mice. The inhibition ratio of the fraction against the tumor was 68.0% at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for the period of ten days and the tumors in three of the mice were completely regressed. The results showed, therefore, that the antitumor component was produced by the shake culture method.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.187-191
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• 2003

This paper reported the establishment of mass production system of adventitious roots of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus through the shake flask and bio-reactor culture. Induction of adventitious roots was started from the explants of germinated somatic embryos on half-strength Murashing and Skoog (MS) solid medium. The frequency of adventitious root formation was better in the explants comprising the basal hypocotyl parts than root explants alone. Among the different auxins tested (NAA, IBA and IAA), frequency of adventitious root induction was highest on medium with 0.5 mg/L NAA, and produced $16.3\pm1.9$ roots per explant. In shake-flask culture, deletion of $NH_4NO_3$ of MS medium was effective for induction of adventitious root compared with both full and half-strength MS media. Fresh weight increase of induced adventitious roots was performed well in medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA. When adventitious roots produced in shake-flask culture were transferred to 10-liter bioreactor, 5.5 times of fresh weight increase was gained after one month of culture. HPLC analysis revealed that the amount of eleutheroside E and E1 was higher in in vitro cultured adventitious roots than the 3 year-old field cultivated root barks of Eleutherococcus sessiliflorus. The content of eltutheroside B was much lower in adventitious roots than that of field cultivated one.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was first to analyse and compare the types of microbes inherent among the unwashed and washed Kupori textiles, and second to investigate whether there is a difference between unwashed and washed Kupori textiles on the susceptibility of contamination by microorganism when exposed to the same microbial environment. Microbial identification procedure and the Shake Flask Test for investigating the effect of exposure to microbial environment were carried out separately. The result of microbial identification procedure indicated that a variety of bacteria and fungi were inherent in both unwashed and washed textiles and that the population of contaminated microorganism became more diverse after washing. The result of Shake Flask Test indicated that given the same exposure condition, the unwashed textiles tend to be more susceptible to bacterial contamination than the washed textiles. The results of the present study supported the current conservation procedures adopted in Korean museums which include washing and humigation procedures before long-term storage or display of exhumed textiles.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2002

Cephalosporium acremonium is a filamentous microorganism producing cephalosporin C. The morphological differentiation of C. acremonium in submerged culture is closely related with the rheological properties of culture broth and production of cephalosporin C. In this study, the rheological and morphological properties of culture broth of C. acremonium were investigated. In the seed broths of shake-flask and fermenter culture, the Herschel-Berkley equation was in excellent agreement with experimental results in the whole range of shear rate. In the seed broths of shake-flask culture, morphological differentiation into arthrospores affected to changes of apparent viscosity. But results in the fermenter culture, morphological factors such as mean hyphal thickness and the number of tips gave more effect on changes of apparent vitacosity than differentiation into arthrospores. Overall, it suggested that the morphological parameters measured by image analysis can be used as a good parameter to indicate the rheological properties of culture broth of C. acremonium M25.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.241-244
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• 2004

An automated flow injection analysis apparatus manufactured economically was used in the automatic measurement of E. col growth in shake-flask culture of nutrient broth. The detailed measurement of whole growth was possible at intervals of 10 minutes by the automatic measurement system which adopted the sterilized nutrient broth as a carrier solution. Using distilled water as a carrier solution showed less accurate results than nutrient broth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.188-196
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• 2014

Extracellular production of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-7 (rhBMP-7) was carried out through the fermentation of Bacillus subtilis. Three significant fermentation conditions and medium components were selected and optimized to enhance the rhBMP-7 production by using the response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum values of the three variables for the maximum extracellular production of rhBMP-7 were found to be 2.93 g/l starch, 5.18 g/l lactose, and a fermentation time of 34.57 h. The statistical optimization model was validated with a few fermentations of B. subtilis in shake flasks under optimized and unoptimized conditions. A 3-L jar fermenter using the shake-flask optimized conditions resulted in a higher production (413 pg/ml of culture medium) of rhBMP-7 than in a shake flask (289.1 pg/ml), which could be attributed to the pH being controlled at 6.0 and constant agitation of 400 rpm with aeration of 1 vvm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 1994

The effects of glycine on cell growth and L-omithine production were investigated in shake-flask and jar fermentor cultures of a citrulline auxotrophic mutant, Brevibacterium ketoglutamicum BK 1046. In the shake-flask culture, the optimal concentration of glycine for L-ornithine production was found to be 20 g/l. In the jar fermentor culture with the glycine at an initial concentration of 20 g/l, L-ornithine production increased by 28%, compared to that of the culture with no glycine added. 37 g/l of L-ornithine was produced when additional feeding of glycine (5 g/l) was made. This was a significant improvement in L-ornithine production compared to that (ca. 24 g/l) of the corresponding batch culture conducted without glycine. According to the stoichiometric analysis with the batch fermentation results, the experimental and theoretical L-ornithine yields based on the glucose consumption were 0.24 and 0.59, respectively. This indicates that the performance of L-ornithine fermentation can further be improved by the supplementation of glycine and the development of a mutant strain possessing a higher growth yield.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.364-369
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• 1995

Effect of two-phase culture on Mentha piperita cell growth and essential oil formation was investigated using shake flask and air-lift bioreactors. LiChroprep RP-B(RP-B) addition did not impair M. piperita cell growth, but resulted in stimulated formation of essential oils and increased ratios of extracellular oil to intracellular oil formation. However, the combined use of RP-B and chitosan elicitor was not synergistic. Volumetric productivity of essential oils in RP-B treated culture using cell-recycled air-lift bioreactor was $6.9\;\mu\textrm{g}/l{\cdot}day$ which was substantially higher than that obtainable from the control. Our results demonstrate the potential of a second phase to enhance overall productivity for M. piperita cell culture.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.218-224
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• 2009

The principal objective of this study was to determine the optimal liquid culture conditions in shake flasks for maximal sporulation of Beauveria bassiana. The optimal initial pH for the spore production of B. bassiana using Potato Dextrose Broth was 5.2. The screening in shake flasks of carbon and nitrogen sources resulted in the identification of an optimal medium based on 3% sucrose and 1% casamino acid, with a C : N ratio of 22 : 4. Using this medium, a production level of $5.65{\times}10^7$ spores per ml was obtained after 5 days of culture. Using 3% corn meal, 2% corn steep powder, and 2% rice bran, the maximum spore concentration of $8.54{\times}10^8$/ml was achieved 8 days after inoculation at $25^{\circ}C$ in a rotary shaking incubator operated at 200 rpm. This represents a yield gain of approximately 2.89 times that of pre-optimization.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.331-334
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• 2002

Culture conductivity and on-line NADH fluorescence were used to measure cellular growth in plant cell suspension cultures of Podophyllum hexandrum. An inverse correlation between dry cell weight and medium conductivity was observed during shake flask cultivation. A linear relationship between dry cell weight and culture NADH fluorescence was obtained during the exponential phase of batch cultivation In a bioreactor under the pH stat (pH 6) conditions. It was observed that conductivity measurement were suitable for biomass characterisation under highly dynamic uncontrolled shake flask cultivation conditions. However, if the acid/alkali feeding is done for pH control the conductivity measurement could not be applied. On the other hand the NADH fluorescence measurement allowed online-in situ biomass monitoring of rather heterogenous plant cell suspension cultures in bioreactor even under the most desirable pH stat conditions.