• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.72-74
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• 2001

Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cells were cultivated for the production of murine granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (mGM-CSF) in both a stirred tank bioreactor and an airlift bioreactor with draft tube. Cell growth and mGM-CSF production in the airlift bioreactor were found to be better than those achieved in the stirred tank bioreactor. In the airlift bioreactor, 9.0g/L of cells and 2.2ng/mL of mGM-CSF were obtained (11.0g/L and 2.4ng/mL, respectively in shake flasks). Although the lag period was prolonged and mGM-CSF production was lowered by 33% in the stirred thank bioreactor as compared to the control culture, the maximum cell density was increased up to 12.0g/L due to better mixing by agitation at the higher cell density.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 2009

Streptomyces albidoflavus C247 was isolated from the soil of the Gyeongsan golf course in Korea. Physiological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis strongly suggested that the isolate belonged to Streptomyces albidoflavus. Preliminary screening revealed that the isolate was active against fungi and bacteria. Self-directing optimization was employed to determine the best combination of parameters such as carbon and nitrogen source, pH and temperature. Nutritional and culture conditions for the production of antibiotics by this organism under shake-flask conditions were also optimized. Maltose (5%) and soytone (5%) were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources for the production of antibiotics by S. albidoflavus C247. Additionally, 62.89% mycelial growth inhibition was achieved when the organism was cultured at $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 6.5. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) was the best extraction solvent for the isolation of the antibiotics, and 100 ${mu}$/ml of EtOAc extract was found to inhibit 60.27% of the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani AG2-2(IV) when the poison plate diffusion method was conducted.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.42
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• pp.5-22
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• 2021

This work shows the possibility of expansion of existing interpretations through anxiety. They were continuing their previous misbehavior in the name of science. Such a phenomenon is due to the selection of their desires. So they were appearing in violent forms. Audiences who see the scene will be able to choose the opposite realization or action. It can shake the audience mentally. Therefore, this performance represents the anxiety of this period and motivates the audience to take a new action.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-73
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• 1984

To investigate antitumor component of Lyophyllum decastes, the aqueous extract of its shake-cultured mycelia was subjected to antitumor test against sarcoma 180 cells implanted in ICR mice. The extract showed an inhibition ratio of 65.4% and was found to consist of a polysaccharide moiety and a protein moiety. After purification with DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography, Fraction D showed the highest inhibition ratio of 75.7%. The antitumor constituent was examined for immunoaccelerating activity and was found to increase macrophage accumulation in the peritoneal cavity and plaque forming cells of the spleen cells. It was named lyophyllan after the genus name.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.491-496
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• 1998

The production of fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis BK-17 was studied in the shake flask cultures. The important medium components studied include nitrogen source, carbon source and inorganic salts. The environmental conditions include initial pH, temperature, shaking speed and working volume. Among various N-sources, C-sources and inorganic salts tested, soybean flour, D-glucose and Na2HPO4 gave the best results, and their optimal concentrations were 1.5%, 0.5% and 0.05%, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature were 9.0 and 37$^{\circ}C$. With decreasing working volume in the range of 25∼100ml in the 250ml flask or increasing shaking speed in the range of 100∼300rpm, the enzyme production was greatly enhanced. The enzyme activity under the optimal conditions was about 1400I.U./ml with urokinase as a standard.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.590-594
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• 2011

The production of antileukemic enzyme methionine ${\gamma}$-lyase (MGL) in distinctly related bacteria, Citrobacter freundii and in their recombinants expressing the Vitresocilla hemoglobin (VHb) has been studied. This study concerns the potential of Citrobacter freundii expressing the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene (vgb) for the methionine ${\gamma}$- liyase production. Methionine ${\gamma}$- liyase production by Citrobacter freundii and its $vgb^-$ and $vgb^+$ bearing recombinant strain was studied in shake-flasks under 200 rpm agitation, culture medium and $30^{\circ}C$ in a time-course manner. The $vgb^+$ and especially the carbon type had a dramatic effect on methionine ${\gamma}$- liyase production. The $vgb^+$ strain of C. freundii had about 2-fold and 3.1-fold higher levels of MGL than the host and $vgb^-$ strain, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.56-62
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• 1994

A yeast strain, BT001, which can directly ferment D-xylose to ethanol was isolated from forest soils, and then identified as Candida sp. Cultural conditions for the optimum ethanol production, along with the effects of aeration on cell growth and ethanol production were investigated. Aeration stimulated the cell growth and the volumetric rate of ethanol production, but decreased the ethanol yield. Optimum temperature and initial pH for the ethanol production were $33{\circ}^C$ and 6.0, respectively. In a shake flask culture, this strain produced 52.3 g ethanol per liter from 12%(w/v) D-xylose after incubation for 96 hours. Ethanol yield was 0.436 g per g D-xylose consumed. This corresponds to 85.8% of theoretical yield. Also, this yeast strain produced ethanol from D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose, but not from L-arabinose and L-rhamnose. Among these sugars, D-glucose was the fastest in being converted to ethanol sugars.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1185-1191
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• 2006

The expression of a pullulanase gene in Pichia pastoris was investigated. The gene encoding pullulanase was cloned by PCR using the chromosomal DNA of Bacillus naganoensis as the template. The expression vector pPIC9K-Pu was constructed by inserting the pullulanase gene into plasmid pPIC9K and then transformed into Pichia pastoris SMD 1168 by electroporation. Activity determination, SDS-PAGE, and PCR amplification indicated that the gene of the pullulanase from B. naganoensis had successfully been expressed in SMD 1168 and the molecular size of the expressed recombinant product was about 119.9 kDa. This is the first report on the successful expression of the pullulanase from B. naganoensis in P. pastoris. The transformant secreted recombinant pullulanase with the activity of 350.8 IU/ml in shake-flask culture. The properties of the recombinant pullulanase were characterized.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.340-345
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• 2010

The culture variables were optimized to increase 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (DHA) production by Gluconohacter oxydans ZJB09112 in shake flasks and bubble column bioreactors. After fermentation in the optimized medium (g/l: yeast extract 5, glycerol 2.5, mannitol 22.5, $K_2HPO_4$ 0.5, $KH_2PO_4$ 0.5, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$ 0.1, $CaCO_3$ 2.0, pH 5.0), when five times of glycerol feeding were applied, $161.9{\pm}5.9\;g/l$ of DHA was attained at a $88.7{\pm}3.2%$ conversion rate of glycerol to DHA.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.106-110
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• 2003

The study was carried out immobilized Aspergillus niger used of milk-wastewater. The purpose of investigation is to optimize the ermentational conditions of milk-wastewater The optimal pH, temperature and dilution rate were 3.0, 30$^{\circ}C$ and 0.025 h$\^$-1/. The maximum amount and yield of citric acid produced by immobilizes Aspergillus niger ATCC 9142 were 4.5g/1 and 70.3%. Compared to shake-flask culture, yield was increased about 20%.