• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2015

The goal of this study is to evaluate the limitation of ASTM D 198 bending and ASTM D 3044 in determination of elastic modulus and shear modulus. Different material properties and span to depth ratios were used to analyze the effects of material property and testing conditions. The ratio of true elastic modulus to apparent elastic modulus evaluated from ASTM D 198 bending sharply decreased with increment of span to depth ratio. Shear modulus evaluated from ASTM D 198 bending decreased with increment of depth, whereas shear modulus evaluated from ASTM D 3044 was hardly influenced by increment of depth. Poisson's ratio influenced shear modulus from ASTM D 198 bending but did not influence shear modulus from ASTM D 3044. Different shearing factor was obtained for different depths of beams to correct shear modulus obtained from ASTM D 198 bending equivalent to shear modulus from theory of elasticity. Equivalent shear modulus of materials could be obtained by applying different shearing factors associated with beam depth for ASTM D 198 bending and correction factor for ASTM D 3044.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.126-126
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• 2002

In dynamic analyses such as seismic ground response and soil-structure interaction problems, it is very crucial to obtain accurate dynamic shear modulus of soil deposit. In this study, an extensive data base of available experimental data is compiled and reanalyzed to establish a simple empirical formula for the dynamic shear modulus reduction curve to cover wide range of strain for sandy soils. The proposed empirical equation is to represent the dynamic shear modulus degradation with strain in terms of low-amplitude dynamic shear modulus and effective mean confining Pressure, since those factors have the most significant effect on the Position and shape of the shear modulus reduction curve for nonelastic soils. If low-amplitude shear modulus is measured, degraded modulus at any shear strain amplitude can be calculated using the proposed equation.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.127-138
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• 2002

In dynamic analyses such as seismic ground response and soil-structure interaction problems, it is very crucial to obtain accurate dynamic shear modulus of soil deposit. In this study, an extensive data base of available experimental data is compiled and reanalyzed to establish a simple empirical formula for the dynamic shear modulus reduction curve to cover wide range of strain for sandy soils. The proposed empirical equation is to represent the dynamic shear modulus degradation with strain in terms of low-amplitude dynamic shear modulus and effective mean confining Pressure, since those factors have the most significant effect on the Position and shape of the shear modulus reduction curve for nonelastic soils. If low-amplitude shear modulus is measured, degraded modulus at any shear strain amplitude can be calculated using the proposed equation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.8 s.197
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• pp.67-73
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• 2007

A sandwich plate with a truss core is composed of two face sheets and a pyramidal truss core between face sheets. This paper shows how to estimate the shear modulus of a truss core, experimentally. To determine the shear modulus of truss cores, 3-point bending tests are performed. For tests, metallic sandwich beams with truss cores are fabricated. Two kinds of truss cores are tested to investigate the shear modulus. Each test is repeated under different widths in order to increase accuracy. As a result, the shear modulus of sandwich beam is properly calculated. The deflection of a sandwich beam with a truss core by shear deformation takes the major contribution of the total deflection and the shear modulus of sandwich beam should be considered whenever it is designed.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.399-409
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• 2012

In this paper we propose a method for measuring the shear modulus of an ultrasound soft tissue phantom using an acoustic radiation force. The proposed method quantitatively determines the shear modulus based on the rise time of a displacement induced by an acoustic radiation force at the focal point of a focused ultrasound beam. The shear wave speed and shear modulus obtained from the proposed method and a shear wave propagation method were compared to verify the validity of the proposed method. In the shear wave propagation method, the shear modulus is first computed by measuring the propagating speed of a shear wave induced in a phantom by a limited-diffraction transmit field, and then was compared to that obtained with the proposed method in an ultrasound data acquisition system calibrated based on the first computed shear modulus. The relative errors between the two methods were found to be 4% for shear wave speed and less than 9% for shear modulus, confirming the usefulness of the proposed method.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.1132-1137
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• 2011

MRE(magneto-rheological elastomers) is a material which shows reversible and various modulus in magnetic field. Comparing to conventional rubber vibration isolator, MREs are able to absorb vibration of broader frequency range. These characteristic phenomena result from the orientation of magnetic particles named carbonyl iron powder(CIP) in rubber matrix. In this paper, simulation on variation rate of shear modulus for anisotropic MRE due to volume fraction of CIP and an effective permeability model was applied to predict the field-induced shear modulus of MREs. Also, the variation rate of shear modulus for anisotropic MRE was derived using magneto-mechanical theory. Based on Maxwell-Garnett mixing rule, the increment of shear modulus was calculated to evaluate the shear modulus of MREs with column structure of CIP due to induced current. The simulation results on variation rate of shear modulus can be applied to the variable mechanical system of MRE such as tunable vibration absorber, stiffness variable bush and mount.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.425-431
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• 2013

Estimation equations of shear modulus in the plane of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) were compared each other through uniaxial tension test results. The equations - basic elastic equation in the dimensional orthotropic case, Hankinson's formula and empirical equation proposed by Salikis and Falk, were applied to determine the elastic constants at various angles to the grain, which were needed for determination of shear modulus. Tensile elastic modulus of LVL predicted from these equations were compared with test data to evaluate the accuracy of the equation. Tensile elastic modulus rapidly decreased at orientations between 0 and 15 degrees and elastic modulus at grain angles of 15, 30, and 45 degrees overestimated in the presented equations. But the proposed equation by Salikis and Falk showed better prediction, especially at 30, and 45 degrees. This proposed formula would be more useful and practical for estimating of shear modulus of wood composites like LVL to minimize the effect of Poisson's ratio term.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.783-791
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• 2018

In consideration of the mesoscopic structure of soil-rock mixtures in which the rock aggregates are wrapped by soil at normal temperatures, a two-layer embedded model of single-inclusion composite material was built to calculate the shear modulus of soil-rock mixtures. At a freezing temperature, an interface ice interlayer was placed between the soil and rock interface in the mesoscopic structure of the soil-rock mixtures. Considering that, a three-layer embedded model of double-inclusion composite materials and a multi-step multiphase micromechanics model were then built to calculate the shear modulus of the frozen soil-rock mixtures. Given the effect of pore structure of soil-rock mixtures at normal temperatures, its shear modulus was also calculated by using of the three-layer embedded model. Experimental comparison showed that compared with the two-layer embedded model, the effect predicted by the three-layer embedded model of the soil-rock mixtures was better. The shear modulus of the soil-rock mixtures gradually increased with the increase in rock regardless of temperature, and the increment rate of the shear modulus increased rapidly particularly when the rock content ranged from 50% to 70%. The shear modulus of the frozen soil-rock mixtures was nearly 3.7 times higher than that of the soil-rock mixtures at a normal temperature.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2013

PURPOSES: To characterize the aging effect on asphalt binder, dynamic shear modulus mastercurve of two typical asphalt binders are developed. METHODS: To develop dynamic shear modulus mastercurve, dynamic shear modulus at high temperature and creep stiffness at low temperature are measured by temperature sweep test and bending beam rheometer test, respectively. RESULTS: It is observed that the aging effect on asphalt binder can be clearly observed from dynamic shear modulus mastercurve and the mastercurve can be utilized to predict behavior of asphalt binder at wide range of temperature. CONCLUSIONS: It is confirmed that SBS 5% modified binder has more desirable mechanical property at low and high temperature as a pavement material comparing to PG64-22 binder and the mastercurve is an effective tool to evaluate the property of asphalt binder.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.97-115
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• 2024

In this paper, a database consisting of the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio test data of clay obtained from 406 groups of triaxial tests is constructed with the starting area of Xiong'an New Area as the research background. The aim is to study the nonlinear dynamic properties of clay in this area under cyclic loading. The study found that the effective confining pressure and plasticity index have certain influences on the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of clay in this area. Through data analysis, it was found that there was a certain correlation between effective confining pressure and plasticity index and dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio, with fitting degree values greater than 0.1263 for both. However, other physical indices such as the void ratio, natural density, water content and specific gravity have only a small effect on the dynamic shear modulus ratio and the damping ratio, with fitting degree values of less than 0.1 for all of them. This indicates that it is important to consider the influence of effective confining pressure and plasticity index when studying the nonlinear dynamic properties of clays in this area. Based on the above, prediction models for the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio in this area were constructed separately. The results showed that the model that considered the combined effect of effective confining pressure and plasticity index performed best. The predicted dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio closely matched the actual curves, with approximately 88% of the data falling within ±1.3 times the measured dynamic shear modulus ratio and approximately 85.1% of the data falling within ±1.3 times the measured damping ratio. In contrast, the prediction models that considered only a single influence deviated from the actual values, particularly the model that considered only the plasticity index, which predicted the dynamic shear modulus ratio and the damping ratio within a small distribution range close to the average of the test values. When compared with existing prediction models, it was found that the predicted dynamic shear modulus ratio in this paper was slightly higher, which was due to the overall hardness of the clay in this area, leading to a slightly higher determination of the dynamic shear modulus ratio by the prediction model. Finally, for the dynamic shear modulus ratio and damping ratio of the engineering site in the starting area of Xiong'an New Area, we confirm that the prediction formulas established in this paper have high reliability and provide the applicable range of the prediction model.