• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 2000

A numerical study has been carried out to find out the optimal design condition of a solar absorption cooling system. The system was composed of solar collectors and an absorption chiller with LiBr/water The System performance with commercial single effect(SE) cycle and a new single effect/double lift(SE/DL) cycle utilizing low temperature hot water was calculated and compared. It was found that the required solar collector area grew exponentially as the overall heat loss coefficient of solar collectors increased. For instance, the required area for cooling capacity of 1 USRT was $17m^2$ if heat loss coefficient was 4 W/$m^2\;cdot\;K$. If heat loss coefficient was doubled($8\;W/m^2\;cdot\;$K), the required collector area was increased by 6 times($100m^2$) .It was also found that the SE-cycle as the heat loss coefficient of solar collectors increased. Generally, a SE/DL-cycle seems to be more advantageous than a SE-cycle if loss coefficient of solar collector is greater than 4 W/$m^2\;cdot\;K$.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.145-164
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of group art therapy on the self-efficacy and sociality of middle school students from single-parent families. The major results of this study were as follows: First, it was revealed that the activities of group art therapy were effective in making the self-efficacy of students from single-parent families higher by expressing their thought, and feelings better and having more confidence in themselves. Second, it was revealed that the activities of group art therapy were effective in improving the sociality of students from single-parent families by showing better performance in relationship with peers. Third, it was revealed that the activities of group art therapy had an effect on students' affirmative feelings according to each stage. That is, the students' feelings became more affirmative after this art therapy activities. Fourth, this study proved that K-HTP was effective in improving the self-efficacy and sociality of middle school students from single-parent families Fifth, this study proved that KFD was effective to improve the self-efficacy and sociality of middle school students from single-parent families. In conclusion, the Group Art Therapy had the effect on improving the self-efficacy and sociality of students from single-parent families.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.87-91
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• 2022

Bokeh effect is a stylistic technique that can produce blurring the background of photos. This paper implements to produce a bokeh effect with a single image by post processing. Generating depth map is a key process of bokeh effect, and depth map is an image that contains information relating to the distance of the surfaces of scene objects from a viewpoint. First, this work presents algorithms to determine the depth map from a single input image. Then, we obtain a sparse defocus map with gradient ratio from input image and blurred image. Defocus map is obtained by propagating threshold values from edges using matting Laplacian. Finally, we obtain the blurred image on foreground and background segmentation with bokeh effect achieved. With the experimental results, an efficient image processing method with bokeh effect applied using a single image is presented.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2017

Purpose: In recent years, weight reduction for improving fuel efficiency of the vehicle and cost reduction have been developed. The structure of suspension link is widely used as a single plate press structure which can reduce process and weight compared to existing pipe welding method. However, it was found that the lifetime of a single plate press structure is determined by initial defects that occurred during initial manufacturing rather than fatigue damage caused by driving. Methods: I research the mechanism of failure phenomenon of the single plate press assist arm of rear wheel. In addition, I investigate durability effect parameters to determine the link lifetime in inserting bush into single plate press process through durability test. Conclusion: I discover significant durability effect parameter in inserting bush into single plate press process. It is expected that the durability can be improved by suggesting a bush inserting process inspection guide for similar suspension link like single plate press structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1260-1269
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• 2003

This paper endeavors to examine the most suitable formal dress design for mid-aged men who lives in Kwangju, the Republic of Korea. Visual effect in associate design is considered with adjustment, figured and the body type. There are partly similarity differences in associate design visual effect by one's shape and clothes design. Firstly, in thin type, striped figured suit is the most attractive. Single adjustment suit with striped figured tend to be attractive, young and modernistic. Single adjustment without figured is felt the mellowest. Secondly, in standard type, the suit without figured is perceived the most attractive and masculine. The suit with striped figured is looked more young. Single adjustment suit without figured is the most attractive and mellow also single adjustment with figured is felt the youngest. Double adjustment without figured is felt mellow and with striped figured is felt the most modernistic and familiar. Also double adjustment suit with check figured is felt more modernistic. Thirdly, in pyknic type, the solid figured and striped figured of the suits are felt more masculine and single without figured is thought attractive. Single adjustment with check figured is common image. Also, double adjustment with stripe figured is perceived attractive. In conclusion, the adjustment, number of button and figure are very important facts for the clothes for giving whole visual effect of men's suit.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.389-400
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effects of food delivery service use frequency and the proportion of single-person households on the generation of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste). Additionally, the study analyzes MSW increase during the COVID-19 period. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses annual information on MSW and related characteristics of 228 Si, Gun, and Gu, which are administrative districts of Korea, from 2015 to 2020. Panel fixed effect model is employed for estimations. Findings - The study finds that food delivery and single-person household have significant effects only on recyclable and standard garbage bag MSW, respectively, not on all produce types of MSW. Additionally, it is estimated that, during the COVID-19 period, the increasing effect of food delivery is intensified while single-person households diminish its increasing effect. Lastly, the study confirms that the marginal effect on the increasing effect of MSW generation by the number of household members. Research implications or Originality - The estimated results are expected to provide useful information for the related policies. In particular, it is necessary to focus more on recyclable MSW concerning the developing delivery culture, and regarding changes in the family structure, focus more on the number of household members than single-person households.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.966-971
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• 2003

[ $\lceil\;Cost Effectiveness Analysis\;\rfloor$ ] has been widely used to evaluate effectiveness of R&D resources. But, almost of cost effectiveness evaluation systems have some problems, especially estimating method of effect on R&D project is very rough and imprecise. To solve this problem, we have designed new single effect evaluation system, which are able to apply the distribution of order statistics and to transform relative measure into absolute measure for getting single effect.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.42-45
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• 2018

Photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices based on hybrid metal halide perovskites ($MAPbX_3$; $MA=CH_3NH_3{^+}$, $X=Cl^-$, $Br^-$, or $I^-$) are rapidly improving in power conversion efficiency. Also, during recent years, perovskite single crystals have emerged as promising materials for high-efficiency photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices because of their low defect density. Here we show that the light soaking effect of mixed halide perovskite ($MAPbBr_{3-x}I_x$) single crystals can be explained using photoluminescence, time-resolved photoluminescence, and Raman scattering measurements. Unlike Br-based single crystal, Br/I mixed single crystal show a strong light soaking effect under laser irradiation condition that was related to the existence of multiple phases.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.573-577
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• 2003

We report an effect of photon pairs on single-photon detection rates, while Hong-Ou-Handel's two-photon interference experiment is performed with photons produced in noncollinear type-I parametric down-conversion. Photon pairing behavior or spatial bunching is measured and shown to cause a decrease in the single photon counting rate. Such a dip is found to result from the fact that the single-photon timing resolution of photodetectors is much longer compared to the time interval between the two photons incident on the single-photon detector.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.89-107
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• 2019

This study aimed to examine the impact of academic background on full-time employment and on other important issues concerning job security and care faced by single-parent youths. The study alse aimed to verify the effect of related support on full-time employment. The analysis targeted 262 single parents under 24 years of age who were raising their children, and the main results were as follows: First, the ratio of adulthood was high for those who were employed, and the academic achievement of full-time workers was also significantly high. However, the rate of discontinuities in school was also high among those who were employed, especially those seeking full-time employment, whose desire to stay in school was higher than that of other difficulties of single, teenage parents. Second, the vocational education experience of single, teenage parents was 32 percent overall, and the rate of those seeking full-time employment was also relatively high, reaching 44 percent. However, the results of this study did not verify the direct effect of vocational education experience on full-time employment nor the interaction effect of the academic background. Therefore, a thorough review of the effectiveness of a vocational education program for young, single parents wishing to gain employment is necessary. Third, the overall rate of those who received a public nanny service was 31 percent, while the rate of full-time workers who experienced this service was significantly higher reaching 59 percent. In the research model verification, single parents who received a public nanny service were 3.8 times more likely to get a full-time job than those who did not, and receiving a public nanny service showed a regulatory effect between academic studies and full-time employment. The higher the academic level of the parents, the higher their possibility of full-time employment.