• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.82-91
• /
• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to identify gender-based differences in factors related to smartphone overdependence among middle school students. Methods: The subjects of the study were middle school students who participated in the 16th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2020). Frequency analysis, the Rao-Scott χ² test, and multiple logistic regression were performed using SPSS 27.0. Results: Identified risk factors were grade level, self-reported health, self-reported happiness, loneliness, smoking, drinking, poor sleep quality, physical activity, and generalized anxiety disorder, which were commonly found in all participants. Additionally, stress was found related only in boys, while the residential area and depression showed associations only in girls. In particular, the more severe was the level of generalized anxiety disorder, the higher was the risk ratio of the high-risk group, compared to the potential-risk group. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, a customized strategy that considers gender differences should be developed in order to prevent smartphone overdependence in middle school students.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.459-466
• /
• 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the mediating effect of academic stress on the relationship between smartphone overdependence and the communication competence of nursing students. The research subjects were nursing students in cities A and Y. The research period was from March 2 to March 9, 2023, and the number of subjects analyzed was 139. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 26.0, Process macro program the collected data. The results of the mediating effect of academic stress on the relationship between smartphone dependence and communication competence showed that academic stress (β=.226, p=.005) mediated the effect on the relationship between smartphone dependence and communication competence(Z=-3.131, p=.002). As a result, the combined explanatory power of the variables on nursing student's communication competence was 15.4%. In addition, in order to reduce nursing students' smartphone overdependence, it is necessary to educate them about smartphone use and develop self-control, provide interventions to cope with academic stress, and develop intervention programs to improve communication competence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.116-131
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a smartphone overdependence prevention program for college students based on the self-determination theory (SDT) and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: A non-equivalent control group repeated measures design was used for the study. Participants were 64 university freshmen (experimental group: 29, control group: 35). The developed program consists of eight sessions conducted twice a week. The program was designed to promote autonomy, competence, and relatedness the three elements of the basic psychological needs of self-determination theory. The participants were assessed before the program, immediately after, and 1 and 3 months after the program. Data were collected from April 23 to September 14, 2018 and analyzed by performing a Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS/WIN 23.0. Results: This study showed improvement in the basic psychological needs (F=3.90, p=.010) in the experimental group compared to the control group. Specifically, competence (F=2.93, p=.035), relatedness (F=2.89, p=.045), and self-regulatory ability (F=3.11, p=.028) improved significantly. Conclusion: Study findings indicate that the smartphone overdependence prevention program based on the Self-determination theory could be an effective intervention for improving basic psychological needs and self-regulation ability. Therefore, this program could be an efficient strategy for smartphone overdependence prevention in university students.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.8 no.8
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 2017

This study is a descriptive study to investigate the influence factors on smartphone overdependenceon in male middle school students. A questionnaire survey was conducted on 174 male middle school students about their smartphone overdependence, stress, ego - resilience, and use of smartphone by function. In results, 29.9% (potential risk group 23.6%, high risk group 6.3%) of the male middle school students were the smartphone overdependency risk group. A higher smartphone overdependency was associated with the higher the smartphone usage time per day, the higher the stress level, the higher the grade, and the lower the ego-resilience level. This requires the involvement of appropriate stress coping styles to overcome excessive stress situations. And the development and implementation of an intervention program that increases the level of ego-resilience can be expected to have an effect of controlling the smartphone use time as well as the intervention effect on stress coping.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.70-76
• /
• 2019

IoT technology application has been part of modern people's everyday life. This technology makes people to depend on smart devices. 'Smartphone' is the most typical example. Despite the advantages given by this device, the bad side effects are also notable. This paper presents interactive content on the dependence of smartphone device. The research objective is to make individuals to reduce the use of smartphones by realizing their own problems of smartphone dependency. Research was progressed by analyzing aspects obtained from users participating in the self-developed interactive game contents. As a result of the analysis, approximately 68% of people were aware of the problem through this content. This indicates the potential of using convergence research in interactive contents with other fields furthermore.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating effect of physical activity in the relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and overdependence on smartphones in adolescents. To find a way for solving the problems caused by the over-use of smartphones during adolescence, we tried to find the importance of a health promotion program through physical activities. For the purpose of the study, the 2020 Youth Health Behavior Survey data conducted by the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were used as analysis data for this study. As a result of the study, firstly, generalized anxiety disorder has a negative (-) relationship with physical activity, and physical activity also has a negative (-) relationship with overdependence on smartphones. Secondly, as a result of analyzing the mediating effect of physical activity in the relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and smartphone overdependence experience, the physical activity was found to be a significant factor. Thirdly, it was confirmed that the physical activity has a partial mediating effect in the relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and smartphone overdependence experience. Increasing physical activity through team sports rather than individual sports may help reduce smartphone use.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.325-340
• /
• 2020

Purpose: This study was undertaken to identify the effects of a camp-type group counseling program based on the self-determination theory, for controlling smartphone usage amongst university students. The program consisted of smartphone overdependence, basic psychological needs, and adaptation to college life. Method: This was a quasi-experimental research with a non-equivalent control group design (pre-test and post-test design). A total of 38 freshmen (17 experimental and 21 control) participated in the study. Experimental subjects attended a two nights and three days camp, where the group counseling program included meetings for basic psychological needs (eg., autonomy, competence, and relatedness). Results: This study showed significant differences in basic psychological needs (Z=-2.91, p=.003) and adaptation to college life (Z=-3.47, p<.001). Although no significant difference was obtained in the degree of smartphone overdependence (p=.194), mean score of the experimental group pre-test and post-test changed from the level of potential risk users to general users. Conclusion: The current findings indicate that by considering the basic psychological needs and adaptation to college life, our program could be an effective intervention for controlling smartphone usage amongst college students. Therefore, we propose that a camp-type counseling program could be considered for application as group therapy for programs associated with preventing smartphone overdependence.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.25 no.12
• /
• pp.293-298
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to confirm the use of smartphones by children aged 3 to 5 years old and to propose a plan for prevention of overdependence. To this end, the data of 909 people aged 3 to 5 years old were used in the study from the raw data of the '2019 Smartphone Overdependence Survey' conducted by the National Information Society Agency. The research results are as follows : Infants aged 3 to 5 were using their smartphone for an average of more than an hour a day, it was found that smartphones were used in the order of video services and games, listening to music, educational contents and search services. Parents were found to be tolerant of their children's smartphone usage time and dependence. In particular, despite the fact that most infants and toddlers use smartphones to watch videos and use game content, they are not concerned. Therefore, parental education content for the use of smartphones by infants and toddlers needs to include comprehensive content on media use.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of the depression on fatigue among university students by mediating smartphone overuse, which would be expected to help to lead healthy school life. Participants were composed of the 193 university students and performed a self-report questionnaire including depression, fatigue, smartphone overdependence, and demographic characteristics. Data was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 along with the PROCESS macro program. The main findings were as follows. Depression had a significant effect on fatigue among university students (F=8.180, p<.001), and smartphone overdependence was significantly mediated between depression and fatigue (B=.120, p<.001). These findings suggest that psychological aspects should be considered when developing intervention programs aimed at reducing fatigue levels of university students. Furthermore, the efforts to appropriate use of smartphones are needed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.11 no.5
• /
• pp.97-105
• /
• 2020

This study was to identify the main predictors of smartphone overdependece of infants perceived by mothers and to provide basic data useful for education and practice. For this, data-mining decision tree analysis was performed using SPSS program, and the fianl 410 researches were used for analysis. The results. In the case of the whole infants, the most important predictor of smartphone dependence was father's leisure activity parenting participation. For boys, their father's leisure activity was the most dependent on their smartphone dependence. However, even if father's participation in leisure activities was high, smartphone overdependence increased again when mother's overprotection and permissive attitude were high. Finally, For girls, the most influential variable on smartphone dependence was warmth and encouragement among mothers' parenting attitudes.