• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.21 no.1 s.33
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• pp.97-111
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• 1991

It is the aim of this study to investigate the effects of sodium fluoride and sodium orthovanadate upon the proliferation and activity of the osteoblast (MC3T3-E1 cells). MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in $\alpha-MEM$ containing $10\%$ FBS and various concentration of sodium fluoride and sodium orthovanadate was appended to serum free media. DNA synthesis was examined through the $[^3H]$ thymidine incorporation into DNA. Collagen synthesis was examined through the $[^3H]$ proline incorporation into collagenase digestible protein and noncollagen protein. The following results were drawn; 1. Sodium fluoride stimulated the DNA synthesis of osteoblast significantly in dose-dependent manner within the concentration from $2{\mu}M$ to $10{\mu}M$ (P < 0.005). 2. Sodium orthovanadate stimulated the DNA synthesis of osteoblast significantly in dose-dependent manner within the concentration from $2{\mu}M\;to\;8{\mu}M$, however showed diminution at $10{\mu}M$ (P < 0.001). 3. Sodium fluoride and sodium orthovanadate stimulated the percent collagen synthesis of osteoblast significantly in dose-dependent manner within the concentration from $5{\mu}M$ to $10{\mu}M$ (P < 0.001). 4. Sodium fluoride and sodium orthovanadate stimulated the noncollagen synthesis of osteoblast significantly in dose-dependent manner within the concentration from $5{\mu}M\;to\;10{\mu}M$ (P < 0.001). In conclusion, sodium fluoride and sodium orthovanadate stimulate the proliferation and activity of osteoblast by stimulation of DNA synthesis and collagen and noncollagen synthesis in osteoblast.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.635-648
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• 1998

The clinical use of fluoride with a well known osteogenic action in osteoporotic patients is rational, because this condition is characterized by impaired bone formation. However, its anabolic effect has not been demonstrated well in vitro. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium fluoride on the physiological role of osteoblastic cell. Osteoblastic cells were isolated from fetal rat calvaria. The results were as follows : 1. Mineralized nodules were shown in osteoblastic cell cultures, which had been maintained in the presence of ascorbic acid and ${\beta}-glycerophosphate$ up to 21 days. When cultures were treated with pulses of 48 hr duration before apparent mineralization was occurring, 2-fold increased in their number was detected. 2. Alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblastic cells was inhibited by sodium fluoride in dose dependent manner. 3. The effect of sodium fluoride on the osteoblastic cell proliferation was measured by the incorporation of $[^3H]$-thymidine into DNA. As a result, sodium fluoride at $1{\sim}100{\mu}M$ increased the $[^3H]$-thymidine incorporation into DNA in a dose dependent manner. 4. The signaling mechanism activated by sodium fluoride dose-dependently enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor molecule $Shc^{p66}$ and their association with Grb2, one of earlier events in a MAP kinase activation pathway cascade used by a significant subset of G protein-coupled receptors. 5. The phosphorylation of CREB(cAMP response element binding protein)was inhibited by the sodium fluoride in MC3T3E1 cells. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the mitogenic effect of the sodium fluoride in MC3T3E1 cell was stimulated in a dose-dependent manner and suggested "an important role for the interaction between She and Grb2" in controlling the proliferation of osteoblasts.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.943-950
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to probe the influences of NaF oral administration on a dose-effect relationship between fluoride levels of serum enzyme activity such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rats fed experimental diets for 5 weeks. All groups increased the activity of serum ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH levels with increasing NaF. In addition the fluoride levels of serum and organ tissues (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney) in oral NaF groups (NF3~NF50) were significantly increased by adding sodium fluoride in comparison with normal diet group (ND) (p<0.05). These results, a high concentration of sodium fluoride was determined that the toxicity to various organ tissues.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

In this study, during the activation of neutrophil responses by sodium fluoride. involvement of protein tyrosine kinase was studied. Respiratory burst lysosomal enzyme release and elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$stimulated by sodium fluoride in neutrophils were inhibited by protein kinase inhibitors, genistein and tyrphostin. The inhibitory effect of genistein and tyrphostin on superoxide and $H_{2}O_{2}$ production was less than that of protein kinase C inhibitors, staurosporine and H-7. Staurosporine and H-7 had little or no effect on the release of myeloperoxidase and acid phosphatase stimulated by sodium fluoride. EGTA and verapamil inhibited the elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ evoked by sodium fluoride. The inhibitory effect of staurosporine on the elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ was less than that of genistein. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide production, which is sensitive to staurosporine, was further enhanced by genistein, whereas the stimulatory action of PMA on myeloperoxidase release was inhibited by genistein. A pretreatment of neutrophils with PMA signifcantly attenuated sodium fluoride-evoked elevation of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ These results suggest that protein tyrosine kinase may be involved in the activation process of neutrophil responses due to direct stimulation of guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins. In neutrophil responses, PMA-stimulated neutrophils appear to show a different type of inhibition of protein tyrosine kinase.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.41-47
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• 1972

Fluorides were supposed to exert a stimulatory action on the catecholamine release. In this study, the authors attempted to investigate the action of sodium fluoride on the catecholamine release from the isolated perfused cow adrenal gland and rat heart. And also the inhibitory effect of sodium fluoride on the monoamine oxidase activity in rat heart and liver mitochondria was investigated. The monoamine oxidase activity was measured by the conversion of benzylamine to benzaldehyde. The results obtained were follows; 1. Sodium fluoride stimulated the release of catecholamine from the isolated perfused cow adrenal gland and rat heart. 2. Sodium fluoride inhibited the rat heart and liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.23 no.3 s.42
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• pp.415-425
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• 1993

Fluoride is one of the most potent stimulators of bone formation in vivo. But its direct effects on osteoblast is not yet clear This study was to investigate the effects of Sodium fluoride on alkaline phosphatase(ALP) activity, cAMP formation responsive to parathormone(PTH) and type I $\alpha$ 2 collagen ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level in Murin osteoblast-like (MC3T3-E1) cells. The cells were cultured in $\alpha-Minimal$ essential medium $(\alpha-MEM)$ supplemente with $10\%$ fetal bovine serum (FBS) and then changed to $0.1\%$ FBS with various concentration of Sodium fluoride. The ALP activity was assayed by the method of Lowry with disodium phenyl phosphated as substrate. cAMP formation was measured by Radioimmuno Assay(RIA). Type I $\alpha$ 2 collagen ribonucleic acid(mRNA) expression was studied by Nothern blot analysis. The results were as follows: 1. cAMP level was increased by PTH in MC3T3-E1 cells. 2. Sodium fluoride showed the tendency of inhibitory effects on cAMP responsiveness to PTH in MC3T3-E1 cells. 3. Sodium fluoride increased ALP activity at cocentration of $2{\mu}M,\;4{\mu}M,\;and\;10{\mu}M$ significantly different from control at the 0.001 level. ALP activity revealed maximum value at $10{\mu}M$ in this study. 4. Nothern blot analysis of Sodium fluoride treated cells, using Type I $\alpha$ 2 collagen prove, revealed significant increase at $10{\mu}M$ in MC3T3-E1 cells.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 1980

Caries free anterior teeth were rinsed for 10 minutes with 1%, 5% sodium fluoride and 1% stannous fluoride solution three times a day for the period of experiment. And the author measured the concentration of enamel fluoride by means of Mc Cann's Technique. And the results were as follows : 1. There were little difference of enamel fluoride concentration between the teeth treated with 5% sodium fluoride solution. 2. The enamel fluoride concentration shows a tendency of direct proportion in lower concentration of fluoride solution for the period of 10 days. 3. The Enamel fluoride concentration in the group treated with stannous fluoride solution reveals acute elevation in the 5th day of experiment but the trend was not direct proportional in the 10th day of experiment.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.477-488
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to measure the solubility of the stannous fluoride experimentally, to find a method for improving the solubility of the stannous fluoride, and to observe the effect of longterm storage on the variation of the concentration of fluoride in the stannous fluoride solutions. By adding such materials as antiseptics, dye, flavor, and tastes to solution, the variation of the fluoride concentration was also observed. Ten groups of 0.4% stannous fluoride solutions to which glycerine, sodium chloride, chlorhexidine, dye, flavor, xylitol, and sorbitol were added were prepared. The measurements were carried out by direct calibration. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Effect of adding glycerine as solvent. : The solubility of stannous fluoride increased in the case of adding glycerine. By increasing the glycerine concentration, the fluoride level in stannous fluoride solution also increased. 2. Effect of adding sodium chloride and chlorhexidine. : Comparing to the case of pure water, low fluoride level was measured in case of adding sodium chloride and high fluoride level was measured in case of adding chlorhexidine. 3. Effect of adding erythrosin as dye and banna essence as flavor. : Adding erythrosin and banna essence didn't affect fluoride level. 4. Effect of adding xylitol and sorbitol. : The effects of xylitol and sorbitol were nearly the same as the effect of adding erythrosin and banna essence.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.216-225
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the desensitizing effect of potassium oxalate(Group I), sodium fluoride (Group II), and control group (Group III). The 120 teeth of 26 patients who had been complained dentinal hypersensitivity were divided into three groups by applicating agent. The observation was done before and immediately after treatment. The data were statistically analyzed and the results were as followed. 1. Potassium oxalate showed the best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by sodium fluoride, control group, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in desensitizing effect among the groups. 2. Potassium oxalate showed the best desensitizing effect to the stimuli, followed by sodium fluride, control group on both cervical abrasion and gingival recession, and there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in desensitizing effect among the groups on both cervical abrasion and gingival recession. 3. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in effect of the desensitization between cervical abrasion and gingival recession. 4. The scratch and air blast I were more effective in desensitiziation than other stimuli with significant difference (p<0.05). In view of the results mentioned above, it can be conceived that potassium oxalate is more effective than sodium fluoride on the reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

The pregnant rats were given a drinking water administration of the sodium fluoride and normal saline for control animals. The sodium fluoride produced cellular changes of odontoblast with consistent response. Compare to control group, the odontoblasts that were administrated by sodium fluoride, showed significantly ultrastructural differences including large number of free ribosomes and swelled mitochondria in dose-dependent manner (300 ppm). From fine structural and morphological investigations of the changes in odontoblast, there were three distinctive structural changes: (1) destruction of the endoplasmic reticulum, (2) swelling of the mitochondria, and (3) severe cellular derangement of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. From this consecutive structural change, we observed that sodium fluoride temporarily affects the cell organelles in odontoblasts (100, 200 ppm), suggesting it is important that optimal concentration of the sodium fluoride in developing fetus of the rat.