• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to use standard and downward slope of the keyboards with taping to influence electromyography of upper trapezius. The effect of taping raise a medical criticism, but we do an experiment on two kind of keyboards with taping in order to decrease stress of shoulder. Subjects are in Seonam university whose are twelve healthy adults in their twenties. This experiment used two kind of keyboards. Standard keyboard's degree is $0^{\circ}$ and another keyboard's degree is $-7.5^{\circ}$. Application of Kinesio taping attached belly of upper trapezius tightly. Measurement of electromyography attached posterior of acromion process go by spinous process of 7th cervical vertebra and upper trapezius. Method of analysis used Repeated measure two-way ANOVA. Result of this experiment, both shoulder's muscle activity increased(p<.05) when used standard keyboard and downward keyboard with taping used. We compared muscle activity that used downward keyboard than standard keyboard. Statistically, it dosen't increase in neck and shoulder(p>.05). Therefore, using a keyboard with upper trapezius's taping in order to decrease muscle activity isn't influenced.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.355-363
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• 2014

Objective:The purpose of this study is to design a three-set type (Sebulsik) keyboard that is to input Korean text with no shifted keys and also compatible with the standard Korean computer keyboard or ANSI keyboard. Background: The KS computer keyboard is two-set type (Dubulsik). Existing and proposed designs of three-set type of past studies are not compatible with KS or ANSI keyboard and are complex with many redundant letters. Method: The number of Korean letters for 3-set type is analyzed. Then Korean letters are arranged with normality and with spatial compatibility to the KS Korean keyboard, and symbols were arranged to same positions with ANSI keyboard. Results: Initial consonants of 14 numbers and 6 vowels are arranged as exactly same positions of KS keyboard, and other vowels are arranged with spatial compatibility. Symbols are arranged to the same positions with ANSI keyboard, and 10 digits are confirmed and has compatibility to International standard. Conclusion: A 38-key model, 38K, is designed to require minimal keys to input Korean text with no shifted keys, increased the compatibility to the KS Korean computer keyboard. Application: Using the proposed 38-key model, 38K, it can be taken into account for keyboards in industrial production. It is applicable to user group of 3-set type Korean keyboard with more easy than past keyboards.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2008

In this study, four alternatives for the arrangement of Korean alphabets on computer keyboards are developed and analyzed to find the better design than the KS(Korean Standard) keyboard. Among the developed four modified models MOD 1 to MOD4, we suggest MOD3 as the best design which incorporates the keys usage frequencies and the compatibility of present standard.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2004

There were two purposes of this study. The first was to research the effects of standard and fixed-split keyboards on wrist posture and movements during word processing. The second was to select optimal computer input devices in order to prevent cummulative trauma disorder in the wrist region. The group of subjects consisted of thirteen healthy men and women who all agreed to participate in this study. Kinematic data was measured from both wrist flexion and extension, and wrist radial and ulnar deviation during a 20 minute period of word processing work. The measuring tool was an electrical goniometer, and was produced by Biometrics Cooperation. The results were as follows: 1. The wrist flexion and extension at resting starting position were not significantly different (p>.05), however the angle of radial and ulnar deviation were significantly different in standard and split keyboard use during word processing (p<.05). 2. In the initial 10 minutes, the dynamic angle of wrist flexion and extension were not significantly different (p>.05), however the dynamic angle of radial and ulnar deviation was significantly different in standard and split keyboard use during word processing (p<.05). These results suggest that the split keyboard is more optimal than the standard keyboard, because it prevented excessive ulnar deviation during word processing.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.27-44
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• 1979

The purpose of this study is to detect the problems of the Korean typewriter keyboards, and to analyze and compare the standard keyboard with other keyboards. We find that the standard Korean keyboard has a lot of problems in terms of mechanical engineering and human factors engineering and that it is less efficient than Kong's keyboard.

• 산업공학
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2009

Recently, the use of soft-keyboard is widespread and increases, because various handheld devices were developed such as PDA, navigation, mobile phones with enhanced competence of touchscreen. The use of soft-keyboard requires different characteristics compared to traditional hard-keyboard like QWERTY keyboard: no standard character layout, one finger entry, and cognitive processing time. In this study, therefore, the optimal soft-keyboard layout for one finger text entry in touchscreen environment was investigated among 6 keyboard layouts which were developed based on traditional characteristic of Korean text and the usage frequency of both vowels and consonants. As a result, the interface with Korean text invention order like 'ㄱㄴㄷㄹ' or 'ㅏㅑㅓㅕㅕ' was found to be better than the interface with usage frequency-based arrangement. Especially the vowels were most efficient when separated into two parts; located at the right-hand side and at right below the consonants. In conclusion, the keyboard layout with regard to the Korean text characteristic and the invention order was a more effective layout resulted from the minimum cognitive processing time.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2016

본 논문은 종이 위에 그려진 키보드 상에 카메라를 이용하여 사용자의 키 입력을 탐지하는 핑거 키보드를 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 핑거 키보드를 윈도우 운영체제와 모바일 단말기에서 사용할 수 있도록 구현하였다. 핑거 키보드의 소프트웨어는 표준 C/C++로 작성되어 포팅이 쉽다. 윈도우를 탑재한 PC 에서는 보급형 USB 웹 카메라를 장착하고 핑거 키보드 소프트웨어를 애플리케이션 형태로 구현하여 탐지한 키를 운영체제의 메시지 큐에 삽입하였다. 그리고 전용 카메라와 리눅스를 장착한 Raspberry Pi 2 임베디드 컴퓨터에 핑거 키보드 소프트웨어를 구동시키고 블루투스를 이용하여 모바일 단말기의 키보드로 구축하였다. 성능 평가 결과 인식성공률은 분당 120타 수준에서 약 80% 정도로 측정되었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2015

PURPOSE: People with physical disabilities such as cerebral palsy usually experience obstacles when interacting with computer through conventional keyboard because of their motor disabilities. The purpose of this study is empirically compare of text entry(alphabet and word) speed and accuracy using the three different keyboard type on four students(male 2 and female 2) with cerebral palsy. METHODS: This research design used a replicated single-case experimental approach to compare the individual performance. An alternating treatments design was used to examine the effectiveness of standard QWERTY keyboard and alternative keyboard(mini and big keyboard) on computer access for students with cerebral palsy. To avoid changes in posture that influence a keyboard character entry training and evaluation was carried out using his sitting in a wheelchair. Compass software program used in this study as an assessment tool to measure speed and accuracy when performance of text entry(alphabet and word). This was repeated until the stable status of reaction time. RESULTS: As a result, the alternative keyboard seems to be the most effective device for students with cerebral palsy to perform text entry. But various factors such as peculiarity of motor disabilities, experience and preferences of the user are heavily related. CONCLUSION: Thus, we must perform the objective and systematic assessment for computer access and if sustained training is accomplished, it could to improve speed and accuracy of text entry(alphabet and word).

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2009

In order to prevent upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, effective keyboard selection is an important consideration. The aim of this study was to compare upper extremity muscle activity according to transverse plane angle changes during vertical keyboard typing. Sixteen healthy men were recruited. All subjects had a similar typing ability (rate of more than 300 keystrokes per minute) and biacromion and forearm-fingertip lengths. Four different types of keyboard (vertical keyboard with a transverse plane angle of $60^{\circ}$, $96^{\circ}$, or $120^{\circ}$, and a standard keyboard) were used with a wrist support. The test order was selected randomly for each subject. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to measure upper extremity muscle activity during a keyboard typing task. The collected EMG data were normalized using the reference contraction and expressed as a percentage of the reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). In order to analyze the differences in EMG data, a repeated one-way analysis of variance, with a significance level of .05, was used. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple comparisons. There were significant differences in the EMG amplitude of all seven muscles (upper trapezius, middle deltoid, anterior deltoid, extensor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris, flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris) assessed during the keyboard typing task. The mean activity of each muscle had a tendency to increase as the transverse plane angle increased. The mean activity recorded during all vertical keyboard typing was lower than that recorded during standard keyboard typing. There was no significant difference in accuracy and error scores; however, there was a significant difference between transverse plane angles of $60^{\circ}$ and $120^{\circ}$ with regard to comfort. In conclusion, a vertical keyboard with a transverse plane angle of $60^{\circ}$ would be effective in reducing muscle activity compared with vertical keyboards with other transverse plane angles.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 PC 키보드의 누설 전자파에 의한 정보 누설 취약성을 분석하였다. 먼저 키보드 프로토콜과 하드웨어 구조를 살펴보고, 키보드에서 PC 본체로 전송되는 데이터 신호와 본체 전원선에 누설된 신호 사이의 상호 관계를 분석함으로써 키보드 전도성 방사의 원인을 파악하였다. 또한 키보드 누설 전자파의 크기를 계산하고 CTSPR 22 규격의 허용 레벨과 비교하였다. 간단한 실험을 통하여 PC본체 전원선의 신호를 분석하여 키보드 글쇠 내용을 얻을 수 있음을 보임으로써, PC 사용자의 중요 정보가 누설될 수 있음을 확인하였다.