• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 1988

Reviewing the results of the blood cultures performed at Yeungnam University Hospital during 4-year-period through January. 1, 1984 to December 31, 1987, the following results were obtained. 1) Out of 808:3 blood specimens cultured microorganisms grew in 582 specimens with positivity rate of 7.20%. Polymicrobial bacteremia was found in 16 patients. 2) Among 582 positive specimens, Gram-positive cocci grew in 189 specimens, and Gram-negative bacilli, in 393 specimens. Clinically significant microorganisms consisted of 82 Staphylococcus aureus, and 20 Strptococcus species in Gram-positive cocci group, 80 Salmonella typhi, 72 Escherichia coli, 72 Salmonella paratyphi A in Enterobacteriaceae, and 46 Pseudomonas cepacia, and 16 Pseudomonas aeruginosa in glucose non-fermentating microorganisms. 3) Increasing incidence of Serratia, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species as major nosocomial infection source is noteworthy. They showed increased tendency from 6.3% of 1984 to 17.7% of 1987 of total positive blood cultures. 4) High isolation rate of Pseudomonas species and Aeromonas hydrophilia was noted in summer, while Salmonella typhi showed high prevalence from May to September and in January. 5) In susceptibility tests of isolated organisms, staphylococcus aureus was sensitive to basic antimicrobial agents except for ampicillin. The glucose non-fermentating microorganisms showed high resistance to basic antimicrobial agents in 32.2%. In conclusion, considering the relatively higher incidence of growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis than ideal level indicates that sampling technique should be improved. Secondly, all the hospital staffs in cooperation with Hospital Infection Committee are desirable to pay efforts to decrease the nosocomial infection.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.294-300
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• 2011

Proteolytic bacteria were isolated from Myeolchi-jeotgal and Saeu-jeotgal using high-salt-content media and their growths in the media containing 25% NaCl were monitored to draw the role of bacteria in the ripening of jeotgal. The most populous genus in Myeolchi-jeotgal detected on agar media with 15% NaCl was Bacillus and its relatives, while the most populous in Saeu-jeotgal was Staphylococcus. Among the isolates, Virgibacillus halodenitrificans from Myeolchi-jeotgal and Halobacillus trueperi from Saeu-jeotgal showed proteinase activities. The species from Myeolchi-jeotgal showed proteinase activity on the agar media with 8% NaCl were similar to those isolated from the media with 15% NaCl. The dominant of Myeolchi-jeotgal isolated at the 15% NaCl concentration may be involved in the proteolysis. The proteolytic species from Saeu-jeotgal on the agar media with 8% NaCl were the genera Bacillus, Salinicoccus, and Salimicrobium those were not the dominants at 15% NaCl condition. The dominant isolates from Saeu-jeotgal on agar media with 15% NaCl may not be involved in the proteolysis of Saeu-jeotgal. Vb. halodenitrificans and Staphylococcus equorum, the dominant species from Myeolchi-jeotgal and Saeu-jeotgal, showed growths at the nutrient broth containing 25% NaCl. They may play a significant role in the ripening of jeotgal and have a high possibility to be used as the starter.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.511-521
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• 2001

Microorganisms were isolated and identified from bovine 296 quarters which showed positive reaction by California Mastitis Test (CMT) in 40 farms of Jeju from September 1999 to June 2000. The organisms associated with the mastitis of bovine were 11 different bacterial species in this study. Which of them, Staphylococcus aureus was the most predominant species as 152 (51.4%) isolates. Other identified species included 49 (16.5%) coliform, 47 (15.8%) Streptococcus dysgalactiae, 15 (5.1%) Bacillus spp., 8 (2.7%) Staphylococcus epidermidis, 6 (2.1%) Streptococcus agalactiae, 5 (1.7%) Enterococcus faecalis, 5 (1.7%) Corynebacterium spp., 3 (1.0%) Streptococcus uberis, 1 (0.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 1 (0.3%) Pasteurella haemolytica. Almost of all the islolated beacterial species showed high sensitivity against kanamycin (98.6%), cephalothin (98.0%), streptomycin (94.9%), gentamicin (94.6%), ampicillin (92.2%) and polymyxin B (90.2%). On the contrary, they showed resistance against penicillin (47.0%), tetracycline (37.2%), cefazolin (26.0%), bacitracin (22.6%) and erythromycin (19.9%). Eighty-one isolates were not resistant to any antibiotics and 215 drug resistant isolates showed 89 different drug resistance patterns from single to nine multiple antibiotics resistance patterns.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.359-365
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• 1997

Staphylococcus hyicus subsp. hyicus strains isolated from pigs, chickens and cattle were examined for the production of staphylokinase after inhibition of staphylococcal proteases by two procedures with EDTA(disodium). In one, EDTA was added to the bovine fibrin-dog plasminogen agar medium in concentration of 0.07% and paper strips soaked in 2mg/ml soy bean trypsin inhibitor were then applied on the agar plates. In the other, paper strips soaked in 5% EDTA solution were applied on the bovine fibrin-dog plasminogen agar plates and the strains to be tested were then streaked at right angles with the strip. By these procedures, staphylokinase activity was detected in 8(88.9%) of 9 strains from diseased pigs and in 57(80.3%) of 71 strains from skin of healthy pigs, but not in any strains from skin of healthy chickens and milk samples of mastitic cattle. Additionally kinase activity in 9 Staphylococcus species and subspecies isolated from bovine intramammary infections was also tested by these procedures. Staphylokinase activity was detected in 74.2% of Staph aureus strains and in 25% of Staph xylosus strains.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.300-306
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• 2002

141 methanol extracts from 125 plant species which populate in Korea were screened for antimicrobial activity against various food-borne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Those plants were selected from 3 different plant groups: traditional herbs, edible plants and flowers. The methanol extracts were tested by using the disk diffusion assay against five bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli. From the evaluation of the inhibition zone diameter of microbial growth, the most significant antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus auresus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Escherichia coli was observed from the extract of Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Rheum officinale Baill., Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Koelreuteria paniculata Lax and Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, respectively. The extract from many plants - Koelreuteria paniculata Lax, Chaenomeles sinensis Koehne, Scutellaria bacicalensis Georgi, Castanea crenata Sieb. et Zucc., Rosa centifolia L., Allium fistulosum L. var. giganteum Makino, Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, Schizandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill., Lonicera japonica - showed antimicrobial activity all four tested bacteria.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.376-380
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• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate protein and carbohydrate utilization of Micrococcus varians, Staphylococcus carnosus and Staphylococcus xylosus. Sensitivity to pH, sodium chloride, potassium sorbate and sodium nitrite of these strains was also determined. In Chinese-style beaker sausage manufacturing, the growth rate of these strains during the curing period ($20^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$) was evaluated. The results indicated that no strains could hydrolyze azo-casein and sarcoplasmic protein and only S. xylosus could hydrolyze gelatin at $30^{\circ}C$. All of these strains could oxidize and ferment fructose and mannitol. S. carnosus and S. xylosus could slightly oxidize lactose and utilize citrate. Arabinose was oxidized by S. xylosus and sorbitol was oxidized by S. carnosus. Growth of M. varians was restricted at pH 5.0 and S. carnosus and S. xylosus were restricted at pH 4.5. S. xylosus and S. carnosus were able to grow with 0.1~0.5% potassium sorbate, 50~200 ppm sodium nitrite or 1~15% sodium chloride. S. xylosus had a higher growth rate than the other strains. Staphylococcus species grew well during curing period of Chinese-style beaker sausage then followed by Micrococcaceae.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.100-107
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• 2009

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of Saussurea lappa for the applications of herb-based extracts to both cosmetic and medicinal industries. Methods : Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Saussutes lappa (ESL) was assessed using agar diffusion and broth dilution methods, and determined by whether clear zone was formed around paper disc and in terms of the size (mm) of clear zone, Results : ESL provided activity against Staphylococcus aureus KCTC 1927 in concentration of 1 mg/ml with an clear zone of 16 mm, and showed an activity against Staphylococcus epidermids KCTC 1917 in concentration of 1 mg/ml with an clear zone of 18mm. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ESL against S. sureus and S. epidermidls were 1 mg/ml for both bacterial species. However, ESL showed no growth inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCTC 12513, Enterobactet aerogenes KCTC 2190, Escherichia coli KCTC 2571, Salmonella typhimurium KCTC 1925 and Propionibacterium acnes KCCM 41747. Conclusions : Antibacterial activity of ESL against Staphylococcus sureus and Staphylococcus epidermids causing eye and skin diseases was proved. The result suggest that ESL may be useful as a natural preservative on behalf of synthetic preservatives.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.449-457
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• 2021

The aim of the present study was to survey the frequency of inducible and constitutive phenotypes and inducible cross-resistant genes by regulating the methylation of 23S rRNA (ermA, ermB, and ermC) and macrolide efflux-related msrA gene in Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis strains. A total of 172 bacterial isolates (identified based on standard tests), were examined in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the disk diffusion method, and all isolates were evaluated with respect to inducible and constitutive phenotypes. The presence of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was investigated by a PCR assay. The constitutive resistance phenotypes showed a higher distribution among the isolates. R phenotype was detected more among S. epidermidis isolates (46.25%). ermB, ermC, and msrA genes were detected more in methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) isolates that had R and HD phenotypes (>77% strains). The ermA gene had the lowest frequency among MRSA, MRSE, MSSA, and MSSE strains (<14% isolates). Distribution of inducible resistance genes in MRSA and MRSE strains, and possibly other species, leads to increased constitutive resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and other similar antibiotics. Therefore, it can be challenging to treat infections caused by these resistant strains.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.6.1-6.11
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• 2024

Background: Chronic bovine mastitis is linked to biofilm-producing Staphylococcus aureus (bp-Sa) or Staphylococcus coagulase-negative (bp-Scn). Objectives: Bp-Sa and bp-Scn were treated with intramammary preparations of either enrofloxacin HCl·2H₂O-dimethyl-sulfoxide-chitosan (enro-C/DMSO/chitosan) or enro-C alone. Their potential to inhibit and degrade biofilm formation in vitro was also assessed. Methods: Milk samples were obtained from the affected quarters in a herd. Phenotypical and genotypical identifications as biofilm-producing Staphylococcus species were carried out. Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and enro-C alone were assessed to determine their in vitro efficacy in interfering with biofilm formation and their bactericidal effects. A prolonged eight-day treatment with a twice-daily intramammary insertion of 10 mL of enro-C/DMSO/chitosan or enro-C alone was set to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological cures on day 10 in 15 cows per group and the biofilm-inhibiting ability. Results: Fifty-seven percent of the isolates were identified as Staphylococcus spp., of which 50% were bp-Sa, 46% bp-Scn, and 4% Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. One hundred percent of the S. aureus isolated and 77% of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative were biofilm producers. In both groups, the icaA and icaD biofilm-producing genes were identified. The experimental preparation could inhibit biofilm formation, degrade mature biofilms, and have well-defined microbicidal effects on planktonic and biofilm bacteria. The respective clinical and bacteriological cure rates were 100% and 80% for enro-C/DMSO/chitosan and 41.7% and 25% for enro-C alone. Conclusions: Enro-C/DMSO/chitosan eliminates bp-Sa and bp-Scn from cases of chronic bovine mastitis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1428-1433
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• 2013

Jeotgal fermentation is dependent upon a diverse microbial community, although a detailed understanding of its microbial composition is limited to a relatively small number of jeotgal. Pyrosequencing-based bacterial community analysis was performed in fermented squid, ojingeo jeotgal. Leuconostoc was identified as the predominant bacterial genus, with Bacillus and Staphylococcus also accounting for a large proportion of the bacterial community. Phylogenetic analysis with 16S rRNA genes of Leuconostoc type species indicated that L. citreum- and L. holzapfelii-like strains could be the major Leuconostoc strains in jeotgal. High concentrations of NaCl were thought to be an important factor determining the makeup of the bacterial community in the fermented squid; however, a genomic survey with osmotic stress-related genes suggests the existence of more complex factors selecting the dominant bacterial species in fermented squid.