• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.40-46
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• 2000

This study predicts the modified structural eigenvector and eigenvalue due to the change in the mass and stiffness of 2-dimesional continuous system by iterative calculation of the sensitivity coefficient using the original dynamic characteristic. The method is applied to examples of a crank shaft by modifing the mass and stiffness. The predicted dynamics characteristics are in good agreement with these from the structural analysis using the modified mass and stiffness. The predicted dynamic characteristics are in good agreement with these from the structural analysis using the modified mass and stiffness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.82-88
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• 1997

This paper derives the generalized stiffness to find dynamic characteristics and its derivatives of a continuous system. And a new sensitivity analysis method is presented by using the amount of change of generalized stiffness and vibrational mode caused by the variation of stiffness. In this paper, to get or detect appropriate results, cantilever beam and stepped beam and stepped beam are used. Deviations of sensitivity coefficient, natural frequency, and vibrational mode are calculated as result, and compared with the theoretical exact values.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.19-26
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• 1999

This paper describes an analytical study on nonlinear hysteretic behavior of hybrid steel beam with reinforced concrete ends. Two types of analytical model, Polygonal Model[PM] and Hybrid Model[HM], were used to represent the nonlinear hysteretic behavior PM used three parameters, HM used an additional parameter to consider the initial stiffness reduction. The parameters calibrated comparing the hysteretic performance obtained from experiments. The purpose of this study is to develop an analytical model which can take into account the initial stiffness reduction of the hybrid members and to represent exactly the hysteretic performance for the hybrid structures with RC and steel. The analytical study showed PM tends to overestimate initial stiffness and strength. However, HM which is capable to consider the initial stiffness reduction gave good prediction on initial stiffness, post-yielding performance, strength, pinching response and so on.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.667-674
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• 2011

This paper discusses the analysis method of prestressed concrete girder integral abutment bridges for a 75-year bridge life and the development of prediction models for abutment displacements under thermal loading due to annual temperature fluctuation and time-dependent loading. The developed nonlinear numerical modeling methodologies considered soil-structure interaction between supporting piles and surrounding soils and between abutment and backfills. Material nonlinearity was also considered to simulate differential rotation in construction joints between abutment and backwall. Based on the numerical modeling methodologies, a parametric study of 243 analysis cases, considering five parameters: (1) thermal expansion coefficient, (2) bridge length, (3) backfill height, (4) backfill stiffness, and (5) pile soil stiffness, was performed to established prediction models for abutment displacements over a bridge life. The parametric study results revealed that thermal expansion coefficient, bridge length, and pile-soil stiffness significantly influenced the abutment displacement. Bridge length parameter significantly influenced the abutment top displacement at the centroid of the superstructure, which is similar to the free expansion analysis results. Developed prediction model can be used for a preliminary design of integral abutment bridges.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.25 no.12
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• pp.881-887
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• 2015

The stiffness and natural frequencies for blades, flexbeam, and torque tube of bearingless rotor system are measured to determine the material input properties such as mass distributions and stiffness distribution for the rotor dynamics and load analysis. The flap stiffness, lag stiffness, and torsional stiffness are calculated by measuring section strain or twist angle, gages position, and applied loads through bending and twist tests. The modal tests are undertaken to find out the natural frequencies for flap, lag, torsion modes in non-rotating conditions. The stiffness values and mass properties are tuned and updated to match prediction frequencies to the measured frequencies. The rotorcraft comprehensive code(CAMRAD II) is used to analyze the natural frequencies of the specimens. The analysis results with the updated material properties agree well with the measured frequencies. The updated properties will be used to analyze the rotor stability, dynamic characteristics and loads for the rotor rotation test in a whirl tower.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.159-171
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• 1995

The parameters describing a complete hysteresis loop include pinch force, drift offset, effective stiffness, unloading and reloading trangential stiffness. Analytical equations proposed to quantify the nonlinear, inelastic behavior of reinforced shear walls can be used to predict these parameters as a function of axial load and drift ratio. For example, drift offset, effective stiffness, and first and second unloading and reloading tangential stiffness are calculated using equations obtained from test data for a desired drift ratio or ductility level. Pinch force can also be estimated for a given drift ratio and axial load. The effective virgin stiffness at the first yield and its post yield reduction can be estimated. The load deflection response of flexural reinforced concrete shear walls can now be estimated based on the effective wall stiffness that is a function of axial force and drift ratio.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1144-1151
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• 2012

A damage in structure alters its dynamic characteristics. The change is characterized by changes in the modal parameter, i.e., modal frequencies, modal damping value and mode shape associated with each modal frequency. Changes also occur in some of the structural parameters; namely, the mass, damping, stiffness matrices of the structure. In this paper, evaluation of changes in stiffness matrix of a structure is presented as a method not only for identifying the presence of the damage but also locating the damage. It is shown that changed stiffness matrix can be accurately estimated a sensitivity coefficient matrix derived from modifying mode shapes, First, with 4 story shear structure models, the effect of presence of damage in a structure on its stiffness matrix is studied. By using these analytical model, the effectiveness of using change of stiffness matrix in detecting and locating damages is demonstrated. To validate the predicted changing stiffness and its location, the obtained results are compared to the reanalysis result which shows good agreement.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.94-101
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• 2023

Automotive wheel bearings are a critical component of vehicles that support their weight and facilitate rotation. Life and stiffness are significant performance characteristics of wheel bearings. Designing wheel bearings involves finding optimal design variables that satisfy both performances. CO₂ emission reduction and fuel efficiency regulations attribute to the recent increase in design requirements for lightweight and compact automotive parts while maintaining performance. However, achieving a design that maintains performance while reducing weight poses challenges, as performance and weight are generally inversely proportional. In this study, we perform design optimization of automotive wheel bearings considering life and stiffness. We develop a program that calculates the basic rated life and modified rated life based on international standards for evaluating the life of wheel bearings. We develop a regression equation using regression analysis to address the time-consuming stiffness analysis during repetitive analysis. We perform ANOVA and main effect analyses to understand the statistical characteristics of the developed regression equation. Furthermore, we verify its reliability by comparing the predicted and test results. We perform design optimization using the developed life prediction program, stiffness regression equation and weight regression equation. We select bearing specifications and geometry as design variables, weight as the cost function, and life and stiffness as constraints. Through design optimization, we investigate the influence of design variables on the cost function and constraints by comparing the initial and optimal design values.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.194-202
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• 2006

In the present study, stiffness prediction methodologies for flat-plate structures were evaluated in comparison with the experimental results on the full-scale slab-column connections of flat-plate structures. The methodologies are as follows: the methodology proposed by Jacob S. Grossman and the methodology proposed by Choi & Song. The former does not predict the stiffness change of the slab-column connection due to the change in the column section shape and the latter overestimates the stiffness when edge length of the column section in the loading direction is long. In the present study, the equation to calculate the effective width of slabs was modified to reflect the effect of the change in the column section shape.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2001

Wire ropes are widely used in cable car, suspension bridge and elevator, etc. and composed of single or multi-layer strands. It is difficult to find out the characteristics of a strand or wire rope because of complicated geometry and contact condition. In this study, the axial stiffness is evaluated using finite element method and reliable finite element analysis model is presented, taking into consideration the convergence on the length. The axial stiffness predictive equation of a strand is developed using analysis of variance, which can be applicable for characterizing the relationship between load and displacement when the strand configuration is determined.