• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 1997

A simple, rapid and simultaneous analytical method is described for the detection of Sulfonamide and Tetracycline residues, i.e., Sulfamerazine (SMR), Sulfamethazine (SMT), Sulfamonomethoxine (SMM), Sulfadimethoxine (SDM), Sulfaquinoxaline (SQN), Oxytetracycline (OXY), Tetracycline (TC), Chlortetracycline (CTC). Blank control and sulfonamide and tetracycline fortified fish muscle samples (0.5 f) were blended with octadecylsilyl (C18, 40 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, 21% load, 60$\AA$) derivatized silica packing material (2 g). Blended fish samples were washed with hexane, then, benzene and dichloromethace were used for the elution of tetracycline and sulfonamide were analyzed by HPLC. Correlation coefficients of standard curves for individual sulfonamide and tetracycline isolated from fortified samples were linear (0.9993$\pm$0.0003~0.9997$\pm$0.0003, 0.9493$\pm$0.078~0.9753$\pm$0.036), respectively. The average percentage recoveries of sulfonamide and tetracycline ranged as 80.86~96.52% to 85.88~92.23%, and 30.01~37.12% to 65.89~73.40%, for the concentration range (0.1~1.0 ppm) examined, respectively. Limit of detection for sulfonamide was 0.0012 ppm for SMR in Paralichthys Olivacleus and 0.0020 ppm for SMR, 0.015 ppm for SMM in Cyprinus Carpio. The applicability of this procedure is demonstrated by separation and detection of incurred tetracycline and sulfonamide residues in fish muscle tissue.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.325-332
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• 2006

A novel series of polystyrene (PS) beads containing various sulfonamide groups was prepared, and their chemical stabilities in an aqueous solution were tested in order to determine their ability to inactivate microbes. By reacting aminomethyl polystyrene (AM PS) beads or carboxy polystyrene beads with various benzenesulfonic acid derivatives, the sulfonamide groups were introduced on the PS beads. The characteristics of the product beads were analyzed by elementary analysis after the substitution of various sulfonamide groups. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and FT-IR analysis were used to analyze the elemental functional group composition, respectively. The hydrolytic stabilities of the PS beads containing various sulfonamide groups along with the relationship between the swelling ratio and their hydrophilicity were investigated. The antibacterial activity of the beads was determined by their ability to inactivate E. coli. This study reports that PS beads containing sulfonamide groups had lasting antibacterial efficacy over a satisfactory period, whilst maintaining their chemical stabilities against hydrolysis. The 8 synthesized polymer beads exhibited antibacterial ability.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.23 no.3_4
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• pp.159-166
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• 1979

Twelve derivatives of PAS-sulfonamide were synthesized and tested for their antibacterial activity against various bacterial strains. The derivatives XII and XIV showed relatively potent antibacterial activity to INAH-R strains and INAH-PAS-R strains and type XII to streptococcal strains; type IX and type VI to Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 1971

Betacyclodextrin 과 수종의 sulfonamide와의 상호반응을 solubility method로 고찰하였다. 본실험에서 사용한 betacyclodextrin의 농도 범위에서는 sulfonamide의 solubility 증가와 batacyclodextrin의 농도와의 관계 함수관계에 있음을 나타내었다.열역학적인 해석을 시도하여 본반응의 formation constant, free energy, enthalpy 및 entropy를 개측하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1590-1600
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• 2014

Cinchona-based bifunctional catalysts have been extensively employed in the field of organocatalysis due to the incorporation of both hydrogen-bonding acceptors (quinuclidine) and hydrogen-bonding donors (e.g., alcohol, amide, (thio)urea and squaramide) in the molecule, which can simultaneously activate nucleophiles and electrophiles, respectively. Among them, cinchona-derived (thio)urea and squaramide catalysts have shown remarkable application potential by using their bifurcated hydrogen bonding donors in activating electrophilic carbonyls and imines. However, due to their bifunctional nature, they tend to aggregate via inter- and intramolecular acid-base interactions under certain conditions, which can lead to a decrease in the enantioselectivity of the reaction. To overcome this self-aggregation problem of bifunctional organocatalysts, we have successfully developed a series of sulfonamide-based organocatalysts, which do not aggregate under conventional reaction conditions. Herein, we summarize the recent applications of our cinchona-derived sulfonamide organocatalysts in highly enantioselective methanolytic desymmetrization and decarboxylative aldol reactions. Immobilization of sulfonamide-based catalysts onto solid supports allowed for unprecedented practical applications in the synthesis of valuable bioactive synthons with excellent enantioselectivities.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 2013

A convenient synthesis of bifunctional sulfonamide-amide derivatives was reported. Amide coupling of 4-methyl benzoic acid 1 followed by reaction with chlorosulfonic acid produce ethyl-4-(3-(chlorosulfonyl)-4-methylbenzoyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate 4. The resulted compound on further treatment with various anilines produces the title sulfonamide-amide derivatives 5a-n. The configurations of these compounds were established by elemental analysis, IR, $^1H$ NMR, mass spectra, and by their preparation from the corresponding 4-methyl benzoic acid 1 and chlorosulfonic acid. All these new compounds demonstrate significant in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities against all bacterial and fungal strains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.401-408
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• 2008

Adsorption performance of sulfonamide antibiotic compounds such as sulfadimethoxine(SDM), sulfachloropyridazine(SCP), sulfamethazine(SMT), sulfathiazole(STZ) and sulfamethoxazole(SMX) on granular activated carbon(GAC) was evaluated in this study. The coal-based activated carbon was found to be more effective than other carbons in adsorption of sulfonamide antibiotic compounds. The wood-based activated carbon was less effective than coconut- and coal-based carbon in adsorption nevertheless having larger pore volume and specific surface area than others carbons. The maximum adsorption capacities(X/M) of coal-based activated carbon for the five sulfonamide species was 1.3$\sim$1.5 and 1.8$\sim$2.1 times larger than coconut- and wood-based activated carbon, respectively. Carbon usage rates (CUR) of coal-, coconut- and wood-based activated carbons for SCP were 3.55 g/day, 4.29 g/day and 6.47 g/day, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the adsorption of the rest four sulfonamide species. It is concluded that coal-based activated carbon could removed the sulfonamide antibiotic compounds better than other material-based activated carbons.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.442-450
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• 2014

Concern has grown over a presence of micropollutants in natural water since sulfonamide antibiotic substances such as sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfathiazole have been frequently detected in Nakdong River, Korea. The current work investigates the degradation of the three sulfonamide substances by using quantum chemistry calculations of density functional theory (DFT) and experimental measurement techniques of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). DFT calculations demonstrate that the lowest energy gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO) lies in sulfanilamide functional group of sulfonamide, implying that the sulfanilamide functional group would be the most active site for ozone oxidation. Also, UV-VIS spectra and FT-IR analysis reveal that 260 nm band originated from sulfanilamide group was absent after ozone oxidation, indicating that a functional group of amine (N-H) was removed from sulfanilamide. Both theoretical and experimental observations agree well with each other, demonstrating the DFT calculation tool can be an alternative tool for the prediction of chemical reactions in purification treatment processes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1998

This survey was carried out to detect the residual antibiotics and sulfonamides in emergency slaughtered cattle(n=265) from slaughter houses in Kyeonggi province by EEC 4-plates method, Charm II and HPLC. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Antimicrobial substances were detected from 24 samples(9.1%) by EEC 4-plates method and the detection ratio were highest in summer(13.8%). 2. Twenty-two of the 24 positive samples were classified as sulfonamide(34.4%), TCs(31.3%), $\beta$-lactam(23.5%) and aminoglycoside(9.3%) by Charm II test. 13(59.1%) of the 22 samples contained single agent and 9 samples(40.9%) contained 2 or more agents. 3. Oxytetracycline(27.3%), penicillin G (27.3%) and sulfathiazole(18.2%) were detected in 20 from 22 samples by the HPLC and Charm II test. 4. The residual concentration of oxytetracycline, penicillin G and sulfonamide were 0.29~9.30 ppm, 0.05~9.58 ppm and 0.04~7.59 ppm, respectively and 19 samples(7.2%) were exceeded tolerance levels.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.349-355
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• 1985

The effects of sulfadimethoxine administration on the residues in tissues and eggs were examined in Laying Hens. Sulfadimethoxine was administered orally to White Leghorns at a excessive dose level (300 mg/kg/day), therapeutic dose level (150mg/kg/day) and prophylactic dose level (50mg/kg/day). Sulfonamide residues were measured in blood, tissues (muscle, liver, kidney, lung and bile) and eggs (egg whites and egg yalks) with paper disc methods. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Bacillus subtilis was very susceptible to sulfonamide, and detectable to the level of 0.5 ppm. 2. In blood serum levels, it was detectable until 48 hours post-treatment in once administration of therapeutic dose level, and also detectable until 60 hours post-treatment in all groups of three times administration with excessive, therapeutic and prophylactic doses. 3. As for the tissues residues, sulfonamides were detectable until 5 days post-treatment in muscle, liver, kidney, lung and bile of all groups, but were not detectable except bile on 10 days of post-treatment. 4. Sulfonamide residues in egg whites of all groups were detectable until 5 days, but in egg of all groups were not detectable but trace amounts at 5 days post-treatment. 5. The presence or absence of sulfonamide in bile may be standard to judge the edibility of organ tissues and eggs.