• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.305-309
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• 2007

Arsenic compounds have been used to treat various diseases including cancer in oriental medicine. Arsenic trioxide ($As_2O_3,\;Trisenox^{(R)}$) has been used for the treatment of leukemia and its anti-solid tumor activity has also been reported recently. Tetra-arsenic oxide ($As_4O_6,\;TetraAs^{(R)}$) is a newly developed arsenic compound which has shown an anticancer activity in some human cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-gastric cancer potential of TetraAs and to search for an agent with synergistic interaction with TetraAs against human gastric cancers. We analysed anti-proliferative effect of TetraAs when given alone and in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-FU, paclitaxel, and cisplatin in SNU-216, a human gastric cancer cell line. The $IC_{50}$ of these 4 anti-cancer drugs ranged from 5.8 nM to $7.5\;{\mu}M$ with a potency rank of order paclitaxel>TetraAs>cisplatin>5-FU. TetraAs showed 10-fold greater potency than 5-FU and cisplatin at the same effect level of $IC_{50}$. TetraAs+5-FU and TetraAs+paclitaxel showed synergistic and additive interaction, respectively. On the other hand, TetraAs with cisplatin group appeared to be strongly antagonistic. Apoptotic population was measured and compared between single and combination treatment. The apoptotic cells for the combination of TetraAs+5-FU showed significant increase compared to single TetraAs treatment. On the contrary, TetraAs+cisplatin showed less apoptotic cells compared to TetraAs or cisplatin alone treatment. Overall, our results indicate that TetraAs can be effectively combined with 5-FU or paclitaxel, but not with cisplatin for synergistic anti-cancer effect, which warrants further evaluation using in vivo models.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.902-908
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• 2009

TETRA is the standard of Digital Trunked Radio System developed by the ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute). It is currently adopted as Electric Power IT Wireless Backbone Network in Korea, and a national enterprise is going on for versatile utilization of TETRA. To use TETRA wireless network, TETRA modem is very necessary such that performance measurements are very crucial for each TETRA modem by various manufacturers. In this paper, PED (Protocol Evaluation Data) is suggested for PD performance measurement in D-TRS wireless network environment. The performance measurements for different data lengths and transmission intervals are done using TG (Traffic Generator) on Test Bed. The data size is increased by 10 bytes from 10-byte to 400-byte, and it is measured 1,000 times for each transmission interval of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 seconds. Based on the transmission time measured, average transmission speed and MER (Message Error Rate) are derived for TETRA Modem performance measurement. Two TMR880i's of EADS are used for TETRA modem, and SwMI (Switching and Management Infrastructure) of EADS is used for switching system in this paper.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

TETRA(Terrestrial Trunked Radio) is the standard of D-TRS(Digital Trunked Radio System) developed by the ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institute). Currently, TETRA has been selected as Electric Power IT Wireless Backbone Network. Traditional distribution automation system has used the wireless network of Mobile Service Provider using CDMA(Code-Division Multiple Access) and WCDMA(Wideband CDMA) modem. Therefore, the development of gateway platform is indispensable according to the change to TETRA network. In this paper, we propose an embedded Linux-based Gateway platform for transmitting Industrial Electric Power IT protocol using TETRA network.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 2010

TETRA is the standard of Digital Trunked Radio System suggested by the ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institut ). It is adopted as Electric Power IT Wireless Backbone Network in Korea. Police station and Fire Station are using TETRA network. Currently, Power Automation Protocols are DNP3.0 in Distribution Automation System, DLMS in Auto Metering Infrastructure, IEC61850 in Substation Automation. These protocols are transmissions using CDMA or WCDMA modem. If Power Automation protocol uses TETRA networks, it can be interoperable with the systems in police or fire stations. And it has outstanding ability to handle problems in a disaster situation. So, This paper propose a gateway system of Power Automation which can transmit the power automation protocol using TETRA.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2009

TETRA system has been developed focusing on the supporting high-speed and high-capacity data transfer and improving the wireless technology. Hence, TETRA over IP technology became the important basis for supporting compability with various network wireless technologies and high-speed data transfer technologies. For advancing the current TETRA system based on IPv4 network, introduction of IPv6 protocol is necessary. In this paper, we propose an optimized scheme to support IP mobility to IPv6 node when IPv6 protocol is applied to the enviroment ingreated WLAN and TETRA networks. We proposed two scheme using MIPv6 protocol and HMIPv6 protocol respectively. Then, we evaluate performance of the proposed schemes and anlayze the results in order to derive the optimized scheme for the environment integrated WLAN and TETRA networks.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2003

This paper proposed a model supporting secure mechanism both group communication service and subgroup communication service of TETRA system that the standard developed by the technical committee Radio Equipment and Systems(RES) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute(ETSI) provides a pure digital information technology for the transmission of speech and data. In each scheme, members in a subgroup maintains its subgroup key, which is not distributed, but computed by each member in the subgroup only with his own secret information and public values and secure subgroup members in a same subgroup can communication securely each other by using their subgroup key. Also, all members in group can share securely a group key. In communication services of TETRA system, this model supports mechanism for both group and subgroup communication are simultaneously needed.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2009

TETRA(TErrestrial Trunked RAdio) is wireless communication system generally adopted to public network and backbone network, as the technology of Trunked Radio System specified by ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institute) and currently adopted to the Electric Power IT Backbone Network in Korea. DLMS(Device Language Message Specification) is used in order to meter an electric measuring instrument value. In this paper, DLMS Server and Client simulator are used based on Window operating system. The multi-functional gateway, which transforms the communications based on RS-232C between DLMS Server Simulator and Client Simulator to the one based on TETRA PEI(Peripheral Equipment Interface), is developed such that DLMS SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system is constructed based on TETRA.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.87-94
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• 2009

TETRA(TErrestrial Trunked RAdio) is the wireless communication system generally adopted to public network and backbone network, as the technology of Trunked Radio System specified by ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institute) and currently adopted to the Electric Power IT Backbone Network in Korea. IEC 61850 is the protocol proposed for SAS(Substation Automation System) of SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system. In this paper, IEC 61850 Server and Client simulator are used based on Linux operating system. The multi-functional gateway, which transforms the communication based on TCP/IP between IEC 61850 Server Simulator and Client Simulator to the one based on TETRA Packet Data Service, is developed such that IEC 61850 SCADA system is constructed based on TETRA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1070-1075
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• 2006

TETRA system provides the radio authentication service which permits only authorized radio to access network. Radio authentication is the process which checks the sameness of authentication-key(K) shared between radio and authentication center by challenge-response protocol. TETRA standard authentication protocol can prevent the clone radio to copy ISSI from accessing network, but can't prevent the clone radio to copy ISSI & authentication-key. This paper analyzes authentication-key generation/delivery/infection model in TETRA authentication system and analyzes the threat of clone radio caused by authentication-key exposure. Finally we propose the new authentication protocol which prevent the clone radio to copy ISSI & authentication-key from accessing network.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.80-86
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• 2009

TETRA is the standard of Digital Trunked Radio System developed by the ETSI(European Telecommunications Standards Institute). It is adopted as Electric Power IT Wireless Backbone Network in Korea. To use TETRA wireless network, TETRA modem is very necessary. In this paper, the performance measurements of modem and its results are analyzed according to traffics in TETRA network. In this paper, SDS type-4 transmission method is used in the transmission standards suggested by PEI(Peripheral Equipment Interface) of ETSI. Performance measurements are done by varying the data size and transmission interval. The data size is increased by 10 bytes from 10-byte to 140-byte, and it is measured 1,000 times for each transmission interval of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 seconds. MU-1000MD of Unimo is used for TETRA modem, and SwMI(Switching and Management Infrastructure) of Teltronic is used for switching system in this paper.