• Title/Summary/Keyword: Task situation

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5-Year-Old Children's Script Knowledge According to Task Situation and Socioeconomic Status (과제 상황 및 계층에 따른 만 5세 유아의 스크립트 지식)

  • 성미영;이순형
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.40 no.11
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    • pp.119-130
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    • 2002
  • This study investigated preschool children's script knowledge according to task situation and socioeconomic status. Subjects were seventy-eight 5-year-old children (38 low- and 40 middle-income children; 36 boys and 42 girls) recruited from three day-care centers in Seoul. Each child participated in the script knowledge assessment session. Assessment of script knowledge consisted of a picture-recognition and picture-sequencing task. Statistical methods used for data analysis were means, standard deviations, repeated measures ANOVA. Results showed that children's script knowledge scores were higher in familiar task situation than in unfamiliar task situation. Furthermore, middle-income children had higher scores of script knowledge than low-income children. Findings of this study indicate that there is the difference of script knowledge between low- and middle-income preschoolers.

A Study on the Degree of Self-monitoring, Situation and the Appeal Type of Advertising Impact on Inner (자기-감시, 상황, 광고소구유형이 속옷 구매행동에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • 김미정;황선진
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.267-278
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of self-monitoring (SM), the task situation and the appeal type of advertising impact on consumer behavior: in inner wear purchase. Information for the study was obtained with the use of experimental design. the experimental materials for the study were two-type inner wear advertisements (image appeal Ad/product appeal Ad). The subjects were 270, who were randomly sampled women undergraduate students in Korea, and main-test subjects (70 high SM subjects/69 low SM subjects) were assigned to the cells of 2 (self usage/gift-giving)x2 (quality appeal Ad/image appeal Ad). According to the 2x(2$\times$2) mixed factorial design, the level of SM score, the type of task situation score and the level of appeal type of advertising score were compared and tested by analysis of ANOVA. The results of experiment were as follows: 1. Experimental 1. the results showed the product preference on inner wear was the significant 3-way interaction effects among the degree of SM, the task situation, and the appeal type of advertising as well as the significant main effects of the appeal type of advertising. That is, the situation impact differs from the appeal type of advertising according to the degree of SM. 2. Experimental ll. the results showed the purchase intention on inner wear was the significant 2-way interaction effects between the appeal type of advertising and the task situation as well as the significant main effects of the appeal type of advertising and the task situation. That is, there is considerable difference in gift-giving situation rather than in self- usage situation according to the appeal type of advertising.

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The Cognitive Cuing of 3- and 5-year-old Children in Emotional Inference Task - According to Cue Type, and Situation-emotion Fit - (정서추론 과제에서 3세 및 5세 유아의 인지적 단서활용 - 단서의 종류 및 상황-정서 일치 여부를 중심으로 -)

  • Jung, Hyun Sim;Yi, Soon Hyung
    • Korean Journal of Child Studies
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.179-191
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    • 2004
  • An emotion inference task was used to investigate children's cognitive cuing by age, cue type, and situation-emotion fit. Subjects were 41 of 3-, and 5-year-old children from two different day-care centers in Seoul and Kyonggi province. Each child was individually interviewed with pictorial tasks. 5-year-old children demonstrated more cuing, thinking, and application responses than 3-year-old children. Particularly, they showed more situation and thinking responses in situation-emotion match than in situation-emotion mismatch. 3-year-old children showed more past-oriented responses than 5-year-old children. In the interpersonal cue story, there were more situation, past-oriented and thinking responses than in the interobjective ones. The interpersonal cue story produced more situation responses in situation-emotion match than in situation-emotion mismatch.

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Exploring Air Traffic Controllers' Expertise through Cognitive Task Analysis (인지과제분석(Cognitive Task Analysis)을 통한 항공교통관제사의 전문성 확인)

  • Song, Chang-Sun;Kwon, Hyuk-Jin;Kim, Kyeong-Tae;Kim, Jin-Ha;Lee, Dong-Sik;Sohn, Young-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.42-55
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this research was to identify expertise in ait traffic control by using cognitive skill analysis for novices and experts in routine and non-routine situations. The result of study was to understand expertise in air traffic control tasks in terms of what cognitive processes are responsible for the expert's high performance levels. The problem solving task was difficult for novices, but performed relatively automatically by experts in a routine situation. The difficulty could indicate the presence of controlled processing. Rather than rules and strategies, novices focused more on environmental factors, which merely increase cognitive load. In a non-routine situation, novices showed that they did not categorize the information consistently and alternative resources were not available for them. Experts, however, performed automatically a task by arranging and organizing information related to problem solving components in contexts without regard to a routine and non-routine situation. Especially experts developed a stable representation and directed alternative resources for air traffic flow and efficiency. Based on the results, cognitive processes of experts could be useful to understand expert performance and analyze the learning process, which imply the necessity of developing expertise systematically.

Eye-Tracking and Protocol Analyses of Expert and Novice Situation Awareness in Air Traffic Control (항공관제 상황인식에서 전문가와 초보자의 시선추적 및 프로토콜 분석)

  • Hyun, Suk-Hoon;Lee, Kyung-Soo;Kim, Kyeong-Tae;Sohn, Young-Woo
    • Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.17-24
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    • 2007
  • Analyses of eye tracking and think-aloud protocol data were performed to examine novice-expert differences in perceptual and cognitive aspects of air traffic controllers' situation awareness. In Experiment 1, three groups of field air traffic controllers (experts, intermediates, novices) were asked to perceive situations that were manipulated by situation complexity. In Experiment 2, protocol analysis for previous situation awareness tasks was performed to extract different task models and strategy models as a function of expertise. Then delayed-recall task and interviews about air control plans for the recalled situations were also executed. Results showed that expert controllers concentrate only on several critical features and have their own strategies to reduce mental workloads.

The Effects of Mental Capacity and Size of Chunk of Problem Solver and Mental Demand of Problem on Science Problem Solving

  • Ahn, Soo-Young
    • Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.1030-1043
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    • 2002
  • The development of cognitive psychology provides us a theoretical base from which we can obtain information about human problem solving. One purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cognitive psychological factors on the problem solving of the two kinds of tasks (content free, content specific). And the other purpose was to find out the existence of critical situation in problem solving process. Even the items of tasks with the same logical structure and content knowledge could have different sizes of mental demand. The results were as follows. The mental demand of the problem, and the problem solver's mental capacity, might be the main factors in problem solving. Critical situation of both a group and an individual existed in the tasks that need content free knowledge (FIT 752 task). But the critical situation of a group was completely different from that of the individual in the tasks that need content specific knowledge (electric circuit task). According to the analysis of achievement for each individual in the task that need content specific knowledge, the critical situation of an individual existed in problem solving, but the critical situation of a group was not existed by were summed up the individual results.

An Asychronous Checkpointing Algorithm Using Virtual Checkpointing On Distributed Systems (분산시스템에서 가상 체크포인팅을 이용한 비동기화 체크포인팅 알고리즘)

  • Kim, Do-Hyung;Park, Chang-Soon;Kim, Jong
    • The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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    • v.6 no.5
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    • pp.1203-1211
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    • 1999
  • Checkpointing is the one of fault-tolerant techniques to restore faults and to restart job fast. Checkpointing algorithms in distributed systems have been studied for many years. These algorithms can be classified into synchronous Checkpointing algorithms and asynchronous Checkpoiting algorithms. In this paper, we propose an independent Checkpointing algorithm that has a minimum Checkpointing counts equal to periodic Checkpointing algorithm, and relatively short rollback distance at faulty situation. Checkpointing count is directly related to task completion time in a fault-free situation and short rollback distance is directly related to task completion time in a faulty situation. The proposed algorithm is compared with the previously proposed asynchronous Checkpointing algorithms using simulation. In the simulation, the proposed Checkpointing algorithm produces better results than other algorithms in terms of task completion time in fault-free as well as faulty situations.

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IoT based Situation-specific Task Classification Algorithm (IoT 기반 상황 별 작업 분류 알고리즘)

  • Jeong, Dohyeong;Kim, Chuelhee;Lee, Jaeseung;Lee, Hyoungseon;Jung, Hoekyung
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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    • 2017.05a
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    • pp.613-614
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    • 2017
  • Recently, research on the automation of home IoT has been carried out in which IoT (Internet of Things) is applied inside the home. However, the conventional IoT automation system has a problem that the operation of the device is limited only by the threshold value of the sensor, so that the device may collide and interfere with each other and the efficiency of the Task is low due to the malfunction of the device. In this paper, we propose a Situation-specific task classification algorithm to solve these problems. Using the sensor threshold and the current date as classification values in the decision tree, the task according to the internal situation of the home is classified and the corresponding device is selected and proceeded. Therefore, it is expected that the users will be provided with a service that changes flexibly according to changes in the internal situation of the home, and the accuracy of the operation will be increased by reducing the malfunction of the device and the collision between the devices.

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Situation-specific Task Control System based on Real-time Data Classification (실시간 데이터 분류 기반 상황별 작업 제어 시스템)

  • Song, Hyunok;Kim, Hakjin;Jung, Hoekyung
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.21 no.9
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    • pp.1771-1776
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    • 2017
  • Recently, IoT(Internet of Things) has been utilized in various fields provide a service to users by configuring a smart environment in a particular place. However, since the existing system does not change the operation and the task of the device according to the change of the surrounding environment, the user must operate passively every time the environment and the situation change. In this paper, we propose Situation-specific Task Control System based on real-time data classification. Sensor data is sent to the server and classified into real-time and non-real-time data, and then inserted into the decision tree to identify tasks according to the situation. In addition, the danger situation is divided into two stages, such as gas leakage and fire, and a warning message is sent. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the waste of electric power and the occurrence of malfunction, and it can be expected that the service with increased work efficiency will be provided.

Study on Relationship Between Spatial-Perceptual Ability and Driving-Related Situation Awareness (공간지각 능력에 따른 운전-관련 상황의 재인 및 예측에 관한 연구)

  • Bia Kim ;Jaesik Lee
    • Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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    • v.11 no.4
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    • pp.83-95
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between spatial-erceptual ability and several aspects of driving-related situation awareness(in particular, recognition and prediction). Video clips of real driving were used in both recognition and prediction tasks, and the digit calculation task during driving the simulator was required as the integration task of recognition and prediction. The results showed that the subjects of higher spatial-perceptual ability performed better in recognition task, especially in terms of sensitivity measured in d'(as signal detection theory), prediction task, and digits calculation performance than those of lower spatial-perceptual ability.