• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1975

The partial molal volumes and relative viscosities of tetraethylammonium chloride in a series of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-water mixtures were measured at $30^{\circ}C$. A maximum structuredness of solvent, that leads to a minimum viscosity A-coefficient and a maximum viscosity B-coefficient of the Jones-Dole equation(${\eta}_r=1+AC^{1/2}$ + BC), was found at 0.2${\sim}$0.3 mole fraction of DMSO. The solvent structure, that leads to a minimum partial molal volume due to the maximum electrostrictive effect of chloride ion and to a minimum viscosity B-coefficient, was found at 0.4${\sim}$0.5 mole fraction of DMSO. An approximate relationship between the limiting effective flowing volume, $V_e^{\circ}$, and the B-coefficient was found to be B = 2.5 $V_e^{\circ}$ in the Einstein equation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.886-892
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• 2006

The interaction between tetraethylammonium chloride (TEACl) with ICl and tetraethylammonium iodide (TEAI) and aza-15-crown-5 (A15C5) with $I_2$ and ICl have been examined spectrophotometrically in acetonitrile solution. The results of TEACl-ICl indicate the formation of $ICl_2$ - through equilibrium reaction. In the case of TEAI-$I_2$ and A15C5-$I_2$, the equilibrium formation of $I_3$ - is confirmed. The interaction of TEAI-ICl begins with the simultaneous production of $I_2$ and IC$I_2$ - (at TEAI/ICl < 0.5) as well as continues with the simultaneous consumption of $I_2$ and formation of I$I_3$ - (at TEAI/ICl > 0.5). Similar behavior is also observed for A15C5-ICl system. However, the changes are seen at A15C5/ICl mole ratios less and more than 0.66. Several equations have been suggested for the formation of detected species. The formation constants of various reactions were evaluated from the computer fitting of the absorbance-mole ratio data. IR spectra of A15C5 and 1:1 A15C5:ICl or A15C5:$I_2$ complexes are compared and the effect of complexation on absorption bands is discussed.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07c
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• pp.1520-1522
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• 1996

전기 이중층 콘덴서는 일반적인 콘덴서와 백업용 이차 전지의 중간적 성격을 갖는 디바이스로서 직류 전압 인가시 전하는 진해액과 활성탄의 계면에 전기이중층을 이루며 축적된다. 본 논문에서는 탄화 및 활성화 조건을 달리하여 활성탄 전극을 제조하고 세공 면적, 비표면적, 겉보기 밀도차 기공율을 측정,검토하였으며 여러가지 유기 용매에 tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate를 각각 첨가하여 제조한 전해액의 전기전도도를 정하고 이들 전해액과 활성탄 전극을 이용하여 전기 이중층 콘텐서를 제작한 후 정전용량, 활성탄 전극의 안정 전위, 체적용량 밀도, 중량용량 밀도 등을 검토하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.249-256
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• 1996

The effect of probenecid on the transport of tetraethylammonium (TEA) was studied in renal cortical slices and isolated membrane vesicles to investigate the interaction of organic anion with the organic cation transport system in proximal tubule. Probenecid reversibly inhibited TEA uptake by renal cortical slices in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range of 1 and 5 mM. The efflux of TEA was not affected by the presence of 3 mM probenecid. Kinetic analysis indicated that probenecid decreased Vmax without significant change in Km. Probenecid inhibited significantly tissue oxygen consumption at concentrations of 3 and 5 mM. However, probenecid did not significantly reduce TEA uptake in brush border and basolateral membrane vesicles prepared from renal cortex even at a concentration as high as 10 mM. These results indicate that probenecid reduces TEA uptake in cortical slices by inhibiting tissue metabolism rather than by an interaction with the organic ration transporter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1347-1350
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• 1998

The equivalent conductances for tetraethylammonium perchlorate (TEAP), tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP), tetrahexylammonium perchlorate (THAP), and tetradodecylammonium perchlorate (TDDAP) were measured in pyridine (Py) at 25 ℃. The measured data have been analyzed by Onsager conductance theory. From Kohirausch's law of independent migration of ion, the limiting ionic conductances of tetraalkylammonium ions were determined using the limiting ionic conductance of perchlorate cited from reference. Using those and viscosity of pyridine, the Stokes and hydrodynamic radii of tetraethylammonium, tetrabutylammonium, tetrahexylammonium, and tetradodechylammonium ions were calculated. And, the salvation numbers of corresponding ions were also calculated using the hydrodynamic and crystallographic radii and the volume of one pyridine molecule. From those results, the model of salvation for those ions was extracted by comparison with the model for ion salvation. And the electrostatic Gibbs free energy (ΔGel) fitted for our salvation model was calculated. Those of corresponding ions in pyridine at 25 ℃ also increased with increasing radii of tetraalkylammonium ions. This trend of ΔGel was explained by the different ion-solvent interaction between tetraalkylammonium ion and pyridine.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1994

Two possible space groups of the comfound, VP6N3018C24H:60, are: P 1, a=14.022(1), b=12.644(2), c= 12.640(1)A, a=8038(1), B=102.12(1), r=102.16(1), V=2124.1A3, Z=2, μ=0.47cm-1, d=1.46g/cm3, R=0.083 for 3350 independent reflections with Fo>4o IFI, and C2/c, a=19.32(2), b=16.32(2), c=14.02(1)A, B=105.98(5), β=105.98(5), V=4248.2A3, Z=4 R=0.083 for 1590 independent reflections with Fo>4c IFoI . In the space group P T, there are two monlecules in a unit cell. Vanadium atoms in the two monlecules occupy the two different special positions such that the complete monlecules are accomplished by the two independent center of symmetry. Therefore two different half molecules of bis(trimetaphosphate)vanadate and three molecules of tetraethylammonium are the asymmetric unit in a unit cell. In the space group C2/c, however, the vanadium atom is located at a special position with centrosymmetry, and a two-fold symmetry axis passes through C2/c, N2 and C25 atoms. Therefore the asymmrtic unit in a unit cell consists of a half molecule of bis(trimetaphosphate)vanadate and one and a half molecules of tetraethylammonium. All the molecular conformations in both space groups are very similar: six oxygen atoms coordinated to a vanadium atom in the bi s(trimetaphosphate)vanadate molecule form an octahedron and the four carbon atoms bonded to a nitrogen atom in the tetraethylammonium molecule are disordered so that the eight carbon atoms around nitrogen atom exhibit an irregular dodecahedral form.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 1991

This study was carried out to determine effect of acute renal ischemia on transport function of organic cation, tetraethylammonium (TEA), in rabbit kidney proximal tubule. Clamping of the renal artery for 30 and 60 min produced a polyuria which was accompanied by an increase in $Na^+$ excretion. The capacity of kidney cortical slices to accumulate TEA was increased after 30 and 60 min of ischemia. When blood flow was restored for 30 min after 30 and 60 min of ischemia, the augmented TEA uptake was recovered to the control values. Oxygen consumption of cortical slices was stimulated after 30 min of ischemia, whereas it was not altered by 60 min of ischemia. A 90-min ischemia produced a significant inhibition of TEA uptake and tissue oxygen consumption. These results suggest that the basolateral transport system for organic cation persists after ischemic periods of 60 min despite evidence that tubular reabsorptive mechanism of $Na^+$ and water is markedly impaired. This may indicate that the active secretory systems of proximal tubule are more resistant to ischemic injury than the reabsorptive systems.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2003

This study was undertaken to define the effect of ChungSangSaWhaTang on the norepinephrine-induced arterial contraction and the mechanism of ChungSangSaWhaTang-induced relaxation. In order to investigate the effect of ChungSangSaWhaTang on contracted rabbit carotid arterial strips, transverse strips with intact or damaged endothelium were used for the experiment using organ bath. To analyze the mechanism of ChungSangSaWhaTang-induced relaxation, ChungSangSaWhaTang extract infused into contracted arterial strips induced by norepinephrine after treatment of indomethacin, $N_{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine, or tetraethylammonium chloride. ChungSangSaWhaTang relax arterial strip with endothelium contracted by norepinephrine, but in the strips without endothelium, ChungSangSaWhaTang-induced relaxation was significantly inhibited. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by ChungSangSaWhaTang was decreased by the pretreatment of $N_{\omega}$-nitro-L-arginine, but it was not observed in the strips pretreated with indomethacin or tetraethylammonium chloride. We suggest that ChungSangSaWhaTang may inhibit agonist-induced contraction through the formation of nitric oxide in the vascular endothelial cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 1996.07a
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• pp.34-34
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• 1996

Previously we showed that $Ba^{2+}$ block of large conductance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^{+}$ (BK) channel was larger in the planar lipid bilayer formed with negatively-charged phosphatidylserine (PS) than neutral phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). In this work, have studied the blocking effect of two $K^{+}$ channel blockers with different mechanisms of action, $Ba^{2+}$ and tetraethylammonium (TEA), on BK channels of rat skeletal muscle. (omitted)itted)

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 2002

In this proposed study, a new emerging shape forming technique Direct Coagulation Casting(DCC) which enables to fabricate complex-shaped ceramic parts has been investigated using colloid surface chemistry. Various process variables affected by dispersant, coagulation agent and sintering additives, have been evaluated in order to achieve highly concentrated stabilized silicon nitride suspensions. A high solid loading of 51 vol% in the dispersed silicon nitride suspension was prepared with 1.0wt% Tetraethylammonium Hydroxide (TEAH), which obtained a stable silicon nitride suspension with sintering additives $(Al_2O_3\;and\;Y_2O_3)$ in alkaline regions. The addition of hydroxyaluminium diacetate into the suspension, which decomposed at elevated temperatures, led to coagulate of a silicon nitride suspension. In a basic medium, aluminum ions precipitated to aluminum hydroxide $(Al(OH)_3)$, leading to decreased $OH^-$ concentration and, thus, coagulated suspension.