• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.117-122
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• 2010

The relationship between river-table and five-type individuals with yin-yang's greater and lesser properties from NeiJingaswellasKoreansasangmedicinewasexplored.1.Rivertableisthetheoreticalbasisforthefive-typeconstitutionswithyin-yang'sgreaterandlesserpropertiesandKoreansasangconstitutions:Thecontentoffour-manifestationconstitutionswithyin-yang'greaterandlesserpropertiesinLingShuTongTian,isrelatedtoChangeBook,andcouldbeexplainedandgeneralizedwithriver-table;itissaidthatKoreansasangconstitutionfoundedbyYiJeMaalsostemmedformLingShuTongTian,butitstheoreticalsystemisdifferentfromthatofLingShuTongTian.Thoughthissystemcanbeexplainedandgeneralizedwithriver-table,itsdistributionofinternalorgansisdifferentfromthatofLingShuTongTian.2.Theclinicalmanifestationsoffour-manifestationconstitutionwithyin-yang'slesserandgreaterprpertiesofTCM,includingpersonality,behaviorpatternandliabilitytocertaindiseases,wereexploredandtheregulatingandcultivatingprinciplesbasedonriver-tabletofour-manifestationconstitutionswithyin-yang'sgreaterandlesserpropertiesalsowereestablished:IndividualsofShaoyang(lesseryang)constitutionshouldpayattentiontoliverqi'sascendinganddispersing,andharmonizationofliveryinandliveryanginspring;individualsofTaiyang(greateryang)constitutionshouldemphasizetheclearinganddescendingofheartqiandharmonizationofheartyinandheartyanginsummer;individualsofShaoyin(lesseryin)constitutionshouldattachimportancetodispersing,purifyinganddescendingoflungqiandharmonizationoflungyinandlungyanginautumn;individualsofTaiyin(greateryin)shouldlaystressonthecultivatingofkidneyqi'sascendingandsteaming,andharmonizationofkidneyyinandkidneyyanginwinter.Besides,individualsofthefourtypesmentionedaboveshouldcultivateandregulateqiofspleenandstomach,fortheascending-descendingandharmonizationofstomachqiandspleenqiisthebasisforthenormalorhealthybodyconstitution,andtheroottoremedythetendenciesoffour-manifestationconstitutions.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.119-119
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• 2000

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.120-127
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• 2000

To facilitate the carriage of goods and products, an improvement of the transportation system is greatly needed in Korea. The construction of the Kyung Bu canal that can traverse over the wide area of southern Korea os proposed to be one of the most favorable choices to resolve this need. To fulfill this plan, we investigated the possibility of connecting the Han River (in the midwest) with the Nak-tong River (in the southeast) via the Cho-ryeong tunnel (20.5 km long and 125 m high). According to topographic and geological mapping analysis, we are capable of selecting the optimal locations for the tunnels and locking systems. The water requirement for high locking systems can be satisfied by constructing additional dams above the Choong-ju area or by introducing water saving lock system. The results of our investigation support the idea such a canal system, if constructed, could lead to a revolution of the Korea's transportation system.

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.113.2-113
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.3 s.39
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• pp.57-70
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• 1990

This study is on system building and model case study to establish a new framework of "The Wild and Scenic Rivers System" and to apply this to Korean rivers. The Wild and Scenic Rivers System of the U. S. , which had become law in 1968 for establishing wild scenic and recreational river areas, was investigated. The techniques of two American case studies about the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System designation were investigated and synthesized, and study process was adjusted to Korean river system. Additionally, pilot study was carried out by the method and results were as follows : 1) In the American Wild and Scenic Rivers System, each river was evaluated based on eligibility criteria for designation, such as remarkable scenic, recreational, fish and wildlife, cultural or other ecological values. Segmented river areas were classified into three or four grades and management plans were prepared accordingly. 2) The management of rivers in Korea has emphasized on the flood control and water resources management up to the present, and now takes a growing interest in water quality. But it has been concerned very little with wild and scenic resources conservation of river corridors. It is strongly recommended to build Wild and Scenic Rivers System in Korea for rational management and conservation of the valuable natural resource. 3) Suggested evaluation criteria for the Korean Wild and Scenic Rivers System were wildness, wildlife and plants, hydrology, scenic quality, and historical and cultural resources. The river areas may be graded into four : Positive conservation area(I), Negative conservation area(II), Negative development area(III), Positive development area(IV). Management guidelines were proposed for each grade. 4) To test the applicability of the approach, one of the major tributary of the Han-River was selected for pilot study. The result showed that the evaluation and grading system worked well. Finally, it is recommended to incorporate the Wild and Scenic Rivers System into Korean national park system, and to amend the Korean National Park Act to enable this.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.431-451
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• 1996

The present studwas undertaken to classify and describe the riverside vegetation around Hanchon (36°27’-36°51’N, 128°15’-128°37’E), a tributary in the upper stream area of Nak-tong River, South Korea by methods of the ZM school of phytosociology. As a result the vegetation was divided into twenty three associations and communities belonging to ten classes. Reflecting various human impacts in the past, the associations and communities of the Artemisietea principis were most plentiful there. The vegetation units obtained in the present study were as follows: A. forest vegetation A-1 Fagetea crenatae:Zelkova serrata community, Larix leptolepis community; B. Shrub vegetation B-1 Salicetea sachalinensis:Salicetum gracilistylae, Salicetum graciliglandis assoc. nov., B-2 Rosetea sachalinensis:Salicetum gracilistylae, Salicetum graciliglandis assoc. nov., B-2 Rosetea multiflorae:Stephanandra incisa community, Lycium chinense community; C. Grassland vegetation C-1 Lemnetea minoris:Spirodela polyrhiza-Lemna paucicostata community, C-2 Bidentetea tripartiti:Polygonetum thunbergii, Polygonetum sieboldii-hydropiperis, Panico Polygonetum hydropiperis, Pharagmitetea :Oenantho- Phalaridetum arundinaceae, Phragmitetum japonicae, Miscanthetum sacchariflori, Phragmites australis community, C-4 Artemisietea principis:Artemisia princeps community, Impatiens textori community, Lactuco indicae-Humuletum japonicae, Pueraria lobata-Humulus japonicus community, Pennisetum alopecuroides community, C-5 chenopodietea:Echinochloa crus-galli var. orizicola community, Digitaria adsecendens community, Polygonum nodosum community, C-6 Miscanthetea sinensis: Miscanthus sinensis community, C-7 Plantaginetea:Eragrotis multicaulis-Plantago asiatica community. It is inferred that the endemic vegetation units in the riverside vegetation of Korea are very rare, because most of the vegetation units obtained in the present study are common with those of Japan. Among the above vegetation units, the Salicetum graciliglandis was established as a new association. On the other hand, the associations and communities of classes characterizing the riverside vegetation increased with a decrease of human impacts from the downstream to the upstream in Hanchon, while the number of the naturalized plants was the reverse. Also based on the present phytosociological work, the relation between the vegetation units and their environmental conditions and the restoration ecology and nature conservation of the riverside vegetation were discussed here in detail.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.169-173
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• 1999

The present study was undertaken to survey the infection status of Metagonimus sp. metacercariae in freshwater fishes from Tong river located in Kangwon Province, a total of 178 freshwater fishes of 11 species were collected by a fish net and traps from the end of September to early October 1998. They were brought to the laboratory and examined under a stereomicroscope after artificial digestion with pepsin-HCI solution for one hour. Ten out of eleven species of freshwater fishes examined were found to contain metacercariae of Metagonimus sp. The most frequently infected fish was Liobagrus andersoni Regan 91.7% (11 of 12 fishes), followed by Gobiobotia breviburba Mori 75.0% (6 of 8 fishes), Zacco temmincki 66.2% (49 of 74 fishes), Cobitis koreensis Kim 50.0% (1 of 2 fishes), Microphysogobio longidorsails Mori 42.9% (9 of 21 fishes), Cobitis rotundicudata Wakiya et Mori 33.3% (2 of 6 fishes), Hemibarbus longirostris 33.3% (1 of 3 fishes), Pungtungia tenuicorpus 30.0% (3 of 10 fishes), Coreoleuciscus splenddus Mori 28.6% (4 of 14 fishes), Coreoperca herri Herzeanstein 11.1％ (1 of 9 fishes) respectively Metagonimus metacercariae was not found from Moroco kumgangensis Uchida of freshwater fish. The total number of Metagonimus sp. metacercariae was 81, 17, 216, 1, 14, 2, 1, 4, 10, 1, respectively. Infection rates of Metagonimus sp. in the five districts was shown as follows : Chongson-up Kyulam-ri 50.0% (12 of 24 fishes), Chongson-up Kasu-ri 34.0% (17 of 50 fishes), Shindong-up Unchi-ri 56.0% (14 of 25 fishes), Shingdong-up Kosong-ri 57.1％ (20 of 35 fishes), Shingdong-up Duckchon-ri 54.5% (24 of 44 fishes) respectively. Infection rate of freshwater fish was 48.9% (87 of 178 fishes) and from the results obtained in this survey, it was confirmed that freshwater fishes from Tong river was infected with metacercariae of Metagonimus sp.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.31 no.6_2
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• pp.529-538
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• 2013

Coastline is the most dynamic part of seascape since its shape is affected by various factors. Coastal zone is an area with immense geological, geomorphological and ecological interest. Monitoring coastal change is very important for safe navigation, coastal resource management. This paper shows a result of monitoring coastal morphological changes using Remote Sensing and GIS. Study was carried out to obtain intensity of erosion, deposition and sand bar movement in the Red River Delta. Satellite images of ALOS/AVNIR-2 and Landsat were used for the monitoring of coastal morphological changes over the period of 1975 to 2009. Band rationing and threshold technique was used for the coastline extraction. Tidal levels at the time of image acquisition varied from -0.89m to 2.87m. Therefore, coastline from another image at a different tidal level in the same year was considered to get the corrected coastline by interpolation technique. A series of points were generated along the coastal line from 1975 image and were established as reference points to see the change in later periods. The changes were measured in Euclidean distances from these reference points. Positive values represented deposition to the sea and negative values are erosion. The result showed that the Red river delta area expanded to the sea 3500m in Red river mouth, and 2873m in Thai Binh river mouth from 1975 to 2009. The erosion process occurred continuously from 1975 up to now with the average magnitude 23.77m/year from 1975 to 1989 and 7.85m/year from 2001 to 2009 in Giao Thuy area. From 1975 to 2009, total 1095.2ha of settlement area was eroded by sea. On the other hand, land expanded to the sea in 4786.24ha of mangrove and 1673.98ha of aquaculture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.892-896
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• 2004

A genetic examination using 14 structural loci and 7 microsatellite markers was carried out among random samples of Hu sheep (Hu), Tong sheep (Tong) and Yantse River Delta White goat (YRD); The mean heterozygosity (H), mean polymorphism information contents (PIC) and mean effective numbers of alleles (Ne) calculated based on the data from the above two types of genetic markers were compared. The standard genetic distances among the three populations based on two types of gene frequencies were calculated and compared. The results show that the mean heterozygosity (H), mean polymorphism information contents (PIC) and mean effective numbers of alleles (Ne) based on 7 microsatellite markers are greater than those based on the structural loci. The standard genetic distances based on structural loci among the three populations are: 0.0268-0.2487, the standard genetic distances based on microsatellite markers are: 0.2321-1.2313. The study indicates that structural and microsatellite markers reflect the genetic variation of the three populations consistently: Tong>Hu>YRD. The differentiation between related species or interpopulations can be expressed more effectively by microsatellite markers than structural markers. Oar FCB11, MAF33, Oar AE101, Oar FCB128 and OarFCB304 can be used as representative loci for research on genetic differentiation between sheep and goat.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.635-646
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• 2004

Chronic outbreaks of green tide in the Nakdong estuary toll a heavy socioeconomic cost. The paper investigates the influence of sediments on the nitrogen eutrophication, being claimed as the primary cause of green tide. To measure the flux of nitrate at the sediments-water interface, sediment cores were taken in Jan., Mar., May and Sep., 2000 at Noksan located in the West-Nakdong river estuary. The dissolved oxygen was profiled and then the pore water was extracted in situ. Core samples were analyzed for their textural characteristics. Cores were incubated by a novel technique to measure the fluxes of nitrate $(NO_3^-)$ and ammonia $(NH_4^+)$ at the sediment-water interface. The dissolved oxygen was depleted usually within several millimeters in the top sediments. Nitrate started to decrease drastically at the layer where dissolved oxygen was nearly depleted. Nitrate was also exhausted within several centimeters, followed by ammonia build up rapidly. The flux at the sediments-water interface calculated from the pore water concentrations revealed that nitrate was removed from the water column into the sediments. The sediment incubation experiment confirmed the above result. On the other hand ammonia were released from the sediment to the water column. As the incubation went on, however, the nitrate concentration in the overlying water was dropped below that of a top sediment. Then the flux is reversed, i.e., nitrate was released from the sediments to the water column. The implication is that the sediment can supply nitrate to the water column if it falls below a certain level. Thus it is likely that sediments in the eutrophicated river buffers the nitrate concentration in the water column, which leads to a prolonged green tide.