• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.546-550
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• 2016

Over 60~70% of the domestic soil contamination have occurred by petroleum products. B T E X including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) have to be inspected for the contaminated soil by petroleum products. An accurate contamination analysis is necessary to estimate the are of contaminated soil and also establish an appropriate purification scheme. In this study, we analyzed a sectional TPH pattern for current domestic distributed petroleum products. Also, the TPH content was analyzed by compensating the defect of current Korea standard analytic methods for soil where the analytic range is just for $C_8{\sim}C_{40}$. The light distillate petroleum products such as gasoline and solvent 1 showed the maximum of 85% difference in the TPH content between the standard analytic and improved methods.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.618-623
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• 2012

The significance of soil environment has been gradually increased because of petroleum leak accidents. Comparing with wastewater clean treatments and air pollutant controls, the soil purification requires a long-term process and it is very expensive. In this study, we analyzed the physicochemical properties of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) contaminated in soil. This could be applied to deciding the source of petroleum when a soil contamination accident occurs.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2005

In order to conduct research on oil originated in Mongolia for further application of petroleum not only as fuel but also as raw material for organic synthesis, we need to study the physical, chemical characteristics and individual, group hydrocarbon's compositions of main petroleum fractions. A number of studies and surveys on the physical and chemical characteristics, group hydrocarbon's composition of petroleum deposits in Zuun-Bayan, Sukhaibulag, Tsagaan Elst, Tamsagbulag have been carried out earlier through n-g-M, aniline point and dispersimetric methods successfully. Yet a detailed chromatographical and NMR spectroscopic study for the individual hydrocarbon's composition of Tamsagbulag oil main fractions has not been conducted. In the present study the results of GC analyses of gasoline fractions of wells 19-3, 19-13 and 19-10, Tamsagbulag (Eastern Mongolia) were presence. The gasoline fractions of given wells were characterized by the high concentration of paraffins and presence of trace amount of olefins. There were identified 69 paraffins, 45 naphthenes, 41 aromatics and 3 olefins in total 158 individual hydrocarbons from each samples of gasoline fraction. The first attempts to classify Tamsagbulag oil under the individual hydrocarbon's composition data were successfully conducted and the supposition of a genetic classification of given oil as "sapropelic" type was made.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.362-367
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• 2014

This study was performed to test the applicability of the ozone/hydroxy radical reaction system, which applied advanced oxidation processes, to remove total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from the fine soil in washing water of the soil washing process. Removal efficiency was tested on 40 L of washing water in a pilot reaction tank. Fine soil contaminated with $800mg\;kg^{-1}$ TPH was prepared at 5% and 10% suspended solids. Testing conditions included ozone/hydroxy radical flow rates of 40, 80, and $120L\;min^{-1}$, and processing time of 2 to 12 hours. The removal efficiency of petroleum hydrocarbon from water waster by ozone/hydroxy radical was increased with higher flow rates and lower percentages of suspended solids. Optimal efficiency was achieved at $80L\;min^{-1}$ flow rate for 4 hours for the 5% suspended solids, and $120L\;min^{-1}$ for 6 hours for the 10% suspended solids. These results verified the efficiency of hydroxy radical in removing TPH and the applicability of the ozone/hydroxy radical reaction system in the field.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.10-22
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• 2011

Human health risk assessment for petroleum, oil and lubricant (POL) contaminated sites is challenging as total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is not a single compound but rather a mixture of numerous substances. To address this concern, several TPH fractionation approaches have been proposed and used as an effective management tool for the POL-contaminated sites in many countries. In Korea, there are also recognized needs to establish a reliable and cost-effective human health risk assessment strategy based on the TPH fractionation method. In order to satisfy the social and institutional demand, this study suggested that the comprehensive risk assessment strategy based on a newly modified TPH fractionation method with 10 fractions, the Korean Standard Test Method (KSTM)-based analytical protocol and a stepwise risk assessment framework should be introduced into the domestic contaminated land management system. Under the proposed strategy, POL-contaminated sites can be effectively managed in terms of human health protection, and remedial cost and time can be determined reasonably. In addition, more researches required to increase our understanding of environmental risks and improve the domestic management system were proposed.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.6 no.1_2 s.7
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• pp.37-43
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• 1998

Chemical components of water, chemical and isotopic compositions of extractable gases were analyzed to characterize the properties of the natural gases which are dissolved in ground water in the Pohang area. Amount of total extracted gases ranges from 27 ml/l to 50.1 ml/l. Hydrocarbon gases are composed of methane ($27{\~}376,420 ppm$) and ethane ($19{\~}127 ppm$). Amount of total hydrocarbon gases is related to the lithology and geological factors around the reservoir. Quantity of hydrocarbon gases tends to increase in the Tertiary reservoirs and in the reservoirs where the Tertiary formations are thick enough. According to the relationship between hydrocarbon gases and total solids in the ground water, it is believed that the hydrocarbon gases were dissolved in the Tertiary formation water. Based on the methane content ($>99.9\%$) and isotopic composition (${\delta}C^{13};-73.1\%_{\circ}{\~}-43.22\%_{\circ}$), we interpret the gases to be of predominantly biogenic origin which were generated by the methanogenic bacterial processes under the low temperature and anoxic conditions.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

The oil spill occurred frequently due to probably the increased consumption of oil as the energy source and the raw materials of various chemicals. For the treatment of oil contaminated groundwater, DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) is being used but the removal efficiency is low. Therefore it is necessary to reduce the free phase oil, oil-in water type or water-in oil type emulsified oil, and soluble oil which are the main sources of contaminated groundwater. In this study, treatment of contaminated groundwater was performed using the Fenton oxidation process. The optimum conditions for the removal of THP(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon) were 3 of pH, 25mM of $H_2O_2$ concentration and 25mM of $Fe^{2+}$ concentration. THP and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) concentrations decreased less than 1.5mg/L and 40.0mg/L in 7 minutes using DAF and Fenton oxidation process. However it is necessary to install the settling basin as the sludge concentration increased approximately 5 times.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.25-32
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• 2010

Contamination of soil and groundwater by the compounds of hydrocarbon petroleum has been widely accepted as the main cause that harms the environments and health. To remove those pollutants, absorbing clothes, activated carbons, or oil-water separation devices with the gravity method are employed for treatment. However, those materials and devices cannot remove the emulsion pollutants despite of their efficiency for removing free products. Therefore, we investigated the problems which occur during the groundwater treatment for the highly concentrated suspended solid particles, which can be resulted from excavation, and to propose methods to remove TPH(Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon). After coagulation experiment with high molecular polymers, the concentration of SS(Suspended Solids) and COD(Chemical Oxygen Demand) turned to satisfy the groundwater quality criteria within 5 minutes while the concentration of TPH failed to meet the water quality standard of effluent. Consequently, the water quality criteria for effluent could not be met by single DAF(Dissolved Air Flotation) process. However all water quality criteria could be satisfied after 20 minutes when coagulation reactions are carried out simultaneously in the DAF reactor.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.263-268
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• 2017

The significance of maintaining the soil environment is gradually increasing owing to soil and underground water contamination by petroleum leak accidents. However, the purification of soil is an expensive and more time-consuming process than the purification of contaminated water and air. Moreover, determining the source and people responsible for soil pollution gets often embroiled in legal conflicts, further delaying the cleanup process of the contaminate site. Generally, TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) pattern analysis is used to determine the petroleum species and polluter responsible for soil contamination. However, this process has limited application for petroleum products with a similar TPH pattern. In this study, we analyze the TPH pattern and specific sectional ratio (${\sim}C_{10}$, $C_{10}-C_{12}$, $C_{12}-C_{36}$, and $C_{36}{\sim}$) of various domestic petroleum products to identify the petroleum product responsible for soil contamination. Also, we perform BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene) quantitative analysis and determine B:T:E:X ratio using GC-MS. The results show that gasoline grade 1 and 2 have a similar TPH pattern but different BTEX values and ratios. This means that BTEX analysis can be used as a new method to purify soil pollution. This complementary TPH and BTEX method proposed in this study can be used to identify the petroleum species and polluters present in the contaminated soil.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.131-134
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• 2004

Several physical and chemical methods have been used for remediation contaminated by oils. However the cost was very high and secondary pollution rose during treating. The purpose of this study was to comprision TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) removal from artificially contaminated soil by diesel with and without seeding anaerobic digested sludge. After 120 days of overall at 35$^{\circ}C$, removal efficiency of TPH with seeding sludge was 2-3 times higher than blank. Also, the more amount seeding sludge, TPH removal efficiency and CH$_4$ content more obtained. It was sad that seeding of anaerobic digested sludge was a good method for enhancing TPH removal efficiency without increasing operating cost. Sulfate, nitrate-reducing, methanogenic condition were evaluated for alkane, isoprenoid as target contaminated soil.