• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2010

The effects of osmotic stress on the non-specific immune response of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, were investigated. Osmoregulatory mechanism of tilapia has been studied, but less information is available about innate immune response of O. niloticus faced with hyperosmolality. Acute osmotic stress was elicited by transferring tilapia from freshwater (FW) to 24 psu seawater (SW). Non-specific immune parameters including lysozyme activities of plasma and head kidney (HK), alternative complement pathway (ACP) activity in plasma, phagocytic capacities of spleen and HK immune cells, and respiratory burst activity of immune cells in both HK and spleen were analyzed. Lysozyme activities were increased at 1 h and 30 h after transfer to SW, but decreased at 10 h after SW transfer. Conversely, ACP activity increased 10 h after SW transfer. Phagocytic capacity increased slightly at 1 h and 5 h after SW transfer, and respiratory burst activity showed an increase in superoxide release at 10 h after SW transfer. Taken together, these results indicate that the exposure of tilapia to hyperosmotic conditions has immunostimulatory effects on cellular and humoral immune reactions.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was investigate the changes of gastrocnemius (GCM) muscle activity by applying different hot and cold therapeutic modalities. METHODS: A total of 20 healthy subjects were enrolled into the study. We selected transfer modalities that are frequently used in clinical settings: conduction, radiation, and convection. We performed hot pack, ice pack, and infrared therapy for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. After each application, a break was taken between each day. In addition, we performed cryotherapy for 3 min (airflow rate = $-6{\sim}-20^{\circ}C$). We measured muscle activity changes in the GCM muscle. RESULTS: For the conduction method, muscle activity significantly increased after ice pack therapy for 10 min and 20 min but decreased after hot pack therapy for 10 min and 20 min. For the radiation method, muscle activity significantly decreased after infrared therapy for 10 min and 20 min. For the convection method, muscle activity significantly increased after cryotherapy for 3 min and 10 min. There were no differences in the change of muscle activity in the conduction and radiation transfer method using heat. However, there were differences in the change of muscle activity in the conduction and convection transfer method with cold application. CONCLUSION: For a reduction in muscle activity, regardless of the transfer type, thermal application for 20 min would be effective. For an increase in muscle activity, cold pack application or cryotherapy for 20 min would be effective. This study could contribute toward therapeutic modality application in changing muscle activity.

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.111-111
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• 2003

• 한국수정란이식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수정란이식학회 2003년도 제3회 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회
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• pp.112-112
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• 2003

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2008

We attempted to control the maturation promoting factors (MPF) activity and nuclear remodeling of somatic cell nuclear transfer (NT) bovine embryos. Bovine ear skin fibroblasts were fused to enucleated oocytes treated with either 5 mM caffeine for 2.5 h or 0.5 mM vanadate for 0.5 h and activated. The nuclear remodeling type of the reconstituted embryos was evaluated 1.5 h after activation. MPF activity was assessed in enucleated and chemical treated oocytes before the injection of a donor cell. Effect of chemicals on the embryonic development was evaluated with parthenogenetic embryos. MPF activity increased significantly by caffeine treatment, but decreased by vanadate treatment (p<0.05). Caffeine or vanadate had no deleterious effect on the parthenogenetic embryo development. In caffeine treated group, premature chromosome condensation (PCC) was occurred in 72.2% of NT embryos (p<0.05). In contrast, vanadate induced the formation of a pronucleus-like structure (PN) in a high frequency (68.9%, p<0.05) without PCC (NPCC). Blastocyst development of NT embryos increased by treating with caffeine (30.3%), whereas decreased by treating with vanadate (11.4%) compared to control (22.1%, p<0.05). The results indicate that caffeine or vanadate can control of MPF activity and remodeling type of NT embryos, resulting in the increased or decreased in vitro development.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.64-70
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• 2015

We investigated the branchial osmoregulatory response of black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii to short-term (3-48 h) exposure to a hyposaline environment (5 psu). Gill $Na^+/K^+$-ATPase (NKA) activity was decreased after 3 h in fish transferred to 5 psu compared to salt water-acclimated (control) fish, but the level of activity returned to that observed in the control fish at 6 h after transfer. NKA activity increased significantly at 24 h after transfer, but it returned to the level observed in the control fish at 48 h after transfer. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that gill NKA was localized to chloride cells. The number of chloride cells tended to change in parallel with NKA activity. Substantial decreases in plasma $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, and osmolality were observed after 12 h of exposure to 5 psu; however, these parameters began to recover to the values detected in the controls at 24 h after transfer. In conclusion, our results suggest that black sea bream are able to adjust their osmoregulatory mechanisms to shift from hypo- to hyperosmoregulation within 6 h of exposure to a hypoosmotic environment.

• BMB Reports
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2013

We constructed deletion mutants and seven point mutants by polymerase chain reaction to investigate the specificity of feline foamy virus integrase functional domains. Complementation reactions were performed for three enzymatic activities such as 3'-end processing, strand transfer, and disintegration. The complementation reactions with deletion mutants showed several activities for 3'-end processing and strand transfer. The conserved central domain and the combination of the N-terminal or C-terminal domains increased disintegration activity significantly. In the complementation reactions between deletion and point mutants, the combination between D107V and deletion mutants revealed 3'-end processing activities, but the combination with others did not have any activity, including strand transfer activities. Disintegration activity increased evenly, except the combination with glutamic acid 200. These results suggest that an intact central domain mediates enzymatic activities but fails to show these activities in the absence of the N-terminal or C-terminal domains.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.296-303
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• 1986

흰쥐의 lipoprotein을 제거한 혈장내의 지질전이 활성도와 지진전이를 저해하는 활성도를 측정하였다. 지질전이 활성도의 측정은 방사성 동위원소가 함유된 cholesteryl ester (CE)와 triglyceride (TG) 로 표지된 인체의 혈장 low density lipoprotein 으로부터 high high density lipoprotein(HDL) 으로 전이되는 방사성 동위원소의 양을 측정하여 계산하였다. 지질전이 저해 활성도는 정제한 인체 혈장 지질전이 단백질에 의한 지질전이를 저해하는 정도로서 측정하였다. 흰쥐의 혈장에는 지질전이 활성도가 거의 없으나, 지질전이를 저해하는 활성도는 존재하였다. 지질전이 저해정도는 측정용액내의 lipoprotein 양이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 일반적으로 흰쥐의 HDL은 인체의 HDL에 비하여 CE 의 함량은 높으며 TG의 함량은 낮다. 흰쥐의 혈장에 인체의 혈장으로부터 정제한 지질전이 단백질을 가하여 37$^{\circ}C$에 24시간 두었을 때, HDL 로부터 very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)으로 CE가 이동하여 VLDL 의 CE 함량이 4배나 증가하였다. 반면에 VLDL로부터 HDL$_2$로TG가 이동하여 $HDL_2$의 함량은 TG함량은 9배나 증가하였다. 이와같은 현상은 흰쥐의 혈장 Lipoportein이 지질전이의 기질로서의 결함은 없음을 보여준다. 따라서 지질대사에 관한 실험에서의 흰쥐에 의한 실험결과의 해석에는 인체 혈장에 비하여 혈장에는 lipoprotein사이의 중성지질의 전이나 교환이 거의 없다는 특성이 고려되어야한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was done to develop a postural-stability patient transfer technique for care helpers in nursing homes and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: Four types of patient transfer techniques (Lifting towards the head board of the bed, turning to the lateral position, sitting upright on the bed, transferring from wheel chair to bed) were practiced in accordance with the following three methods; Care helpers habitually used transfer methods (Method 1), patient transfer methods according to care helper standard textbooks (Method 2), and a method developed by the author ensuring postural-stability (Method 3). The care helpers' muscle activity and four joint angles were measured. The collected data were analyzed using the program SPSS Statistic 21.0. To differentiate the muscle activity and joint angle, the Friedman test was executed and the post-hoc analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Results: Muscle activity was significantly lower during Method 3 compared to Methods 1 and 2. In addition, the joint angle was significantly lower for the knee and shoulder joint angle while performing Method 3 compared to Methods 1 and 2. Discussion: Findings indicate that using postural-stability patient transfer techniques can contribute to the prevention of musculoskeletal disease which care helpers suffer from due to physically demanding patient care in nursing homes.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 2015

To improve the developmental potential of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos, this study compared the developmental rates to blastocyst stage in the SCNT embryos using donor fibroblasts treated with 5-azacytidine (5AC) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) at different concentrations. Their reprogramming efficiency level was investigated with level of telomerase activity. Donor fibroblasts isolated from adult ear skin of a cow were exposed to 5AC and SAH at different concentrations during 2 passages. After nuclear transfer into enucleated recipient oocytes, the cleavage and developmental rates were significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the SCNT embryos using 5AC-treated fibroblasts (5AC-SCNT embryos), compared with those of non-treated control (control-SCNT embryos) and SAH-treated fibroblasts (SAH-SCNT embryos). The developmental rates to blastocyst stage tended to be slightly increased in the SAH-SCNT embryos at each of the concentrations, and especially, the developmental rates in the SCNT embryos using 1.0 mM SAH-treated fibroblasts were significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of control SCNT embryos. The mean numbers of total and ICM cell in blastocysts were also significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the 5AC-SCNT embryos, compared with those of other SCNT blastocysts. Further, the level of telomerase activity was also significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the 5AC-SCNT embryos than those of control and SAH-SCNT embryos. Whereas, a significantly (p<0.05) up-regulated telomerase activity was observed in SAH-SCNT embryos, compare with that of control-SCNT embryos. In conclusion, SCNT embryos using hypomethylated donor cells with SAH, not 5AC, may improve the developmental potential and reprogramming efficiency.