• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.372-378
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• 2016

This study focuses on the development of an alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process for the recovery of tungsten from WC/Co hardmetal sludge, and an examination of the effect of the process parameters on tungsten recovery. The alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process has four stages, i.e., oxidation of the sludge, leaching of tungsten by NaOH, refinement of the leaching solution, and precipitation of tungsten. The WC/Co hardmetal sludge oxide consists of $WO_3$ and $CoWO_4$. The leaching of tungsten is most affected by the leaching temperature, followed by the NaOH concentration and the leaching time. About 99% of tungsten in the WC/Co hardmetal sludge is leached at temperatures above $90^{\circ}C$ and a NaOH concentration above 15%. For refinement of the leaching solution, pH control of the solution using HCl is more effective than the addition of $Na_2S{\cdot}9H_2O$. The tungsten is precipitated as high-purity $H_2WO_4{\cdot}H_2O$ by pH control using HCl. With decreasing pH of the solution, the tungsten recovery rate increases and then decrease. About 93% of tungsten in the WC/Co hardmetal sludge is recovered by the alkaline leaching hydrometallurgy process.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2018

텅스텐은 고융점금속으로 주로 초경합금으로 사용되고 있다. 알칼리용액에서 텅스텐은 $WO{_4}^{2-}$로 존재하는데 용액의 pH가 감소함에 따라 중합반응이 일어나며 텅스텐산으로 침전된다. 따라서 원광석 및 2차 자원으로부터 텅스텐 회수를 위한 습식 제련 기술은 산침출과 알칼리침출로 대별된다. 2차 자원에 함유된 금속의 종류와 함유량 및 텅스텐의 소재화를 고려해서 2차 자원으로부터 텅스텐을 고순도로 회수하기 위한 공정을 선택해야 한다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2020

Comprehensive utilization of tungsten tailings resources not only solves environmental problems but also creates huge economic benefits. The high content of iron impurity in tungsten tailings will have adverse effect on the downstream comprehensive utilization, whether flotation or pickling. In this paper, the Superconducting High Gradient Magnetic Separation(S-HGMS) is used to remove of Fe impurities from tungsten tailings. The optimal experimental parameters are as follows: background magnetic induction intensity is 3.0T, slurry flow velocity is 500ml/min. The Fe removal rate of Fe was 68.8% and the recovery rate was 59.53%.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.91-96
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• 2017

알칼리 용융법과 수 침출을 이용하여 탄화텅스텐(WC)으로부터 텅스텐(W) 회수에 관한 연구를 실시하였다. 알칼리 용융 처리는 알칼리염의 종류, 용융온도 및 용융시간을 변화시키면서 실시하였으며, 수 침출은 $25^{\circ}C$, 2시간 및 슬러리 농도 10 g/L로 고정하여 실시하였다. 알칼리염으로 질산나트륨($NaNO_3$)만 단독으로 사용한 경우, W의 수 침출율은 63.3%이었지만, 용융 첨가제인 수산화나트륨(NaOH) 혼합량이 증가할수록 침출율은 증가하였으며, 몰비 $WC:NaNO_3:NaOH=1:2:2$로 혼합한 용융물에서는 97.8%까지 증가하였다. NaOH는 용융 반응의 반응열 증가로 인한 반응 촉진제 역할을 한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2023

The accumulation of spent carbide (YG8), not only pollutes the environment but also causes waste of tungsten, cobalt and other rare metal resources. To better address this issue, we proposed a combined electrochemical separation process of low-temperature aqueous solution and high-temperature molten salt for tungsten and cobalt. H₂WO₄ was obtained from spent carbide in an aqueous solution, and we calcined it to obtain WO₃, which was used as a raw material to obtain tungsten by using molten salt electrodeposition. The influence of the current efficiency and the electrochemical behavior of the discharge precipitation of W(VI) were also studied. The calcination results showed that the morphology of WO₃ was regular and there were no other impurities. The maximum current efficiency of 82.91% was achieved in a series of electrodeposition experiments. According to XRD and SEM analysis, the recovered product was high purity tungsten, which belongs to the simple cubic crystal system. In the W(VI) reduction mechanism experiments, the electrochemical process of W(VI) in NaCl-Na₂WO₄-WO₃ molten salt was investigated using linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometry in a three-electrode system. The LSV showed that W(VI) was reduced at the cathode in two steps and the electrode reaction was controlled by diffusion. The fitting results of chronoamperometry showed that the nucleation mechanism of W(VI) was an instantaneous nucleation mode, and the diffusion coefficient was 7.379×10^-10 cm²·s^-1.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.25.2-25.2
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• 2011

The tungsten oxide wire-like nanostructure is fabricated by deposition and thermal oxidation of tungsten metal on porous single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The morphology and crystalline quality of materials are investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman analysis. The results prove that $WO_3$ wire-like nanostructure fabricated on SWNTs show highly porous structures. Exposure of the sensors to NH3 gas in the temperature range of 150~300$^{\circ}C$ resulted in the highest sensitivity at $250^{\circ}C$ with quite rapid response and recovery time. Response time as a function of test concentrations and NH3 gas sensing mechanism is reported and discussed.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2022

본 연구는 겔 타입의 음이온교환 수지를 이용하여 바나듐과 텅스텐 이온의 흡·탈착 거동과 분리조건을 규명하였다. 용액의 초기산도에 따른 흡착실험에서 바나듐은 강산성 및 강염기성에서 흡착률이 현저히 낮아지며, 텅스텐은 강염기성에서 흡착률이 낮게 나타났다. 반응온도의 상승은 흡착반응속도 및 최대흡착량의 증가에 영향을 주었으며, 텅스텐은 최대흡착량에 미치는 영향이 미미하였다. 이온교환 수지에 대한 바나듐과 텅스텐의 흡착등온실험은 두 이온 모두 Langmuir 흡착등온식에 적합하였으며, 텅스텐의 경우 폴리옥소메탈레이트화 되어 이온 간의 결합이 이루어져 다분자층 흡착의 형태가 나타나 Freundlich 흡착등온식에도 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 두 이온교환 수지 모두 유사 2차 반응속도모델에서 잘 모사되었으며, 탈착용액의 종류에 따른 바나듐과 텅스텐의 탈착특성에서 바나듐은 HCl 수용액 및 NaOH 수용액 모두 탈착이 이루어 졌으며, 텅스텐은 HCl 수용액에서 탈착이 전혀 이루어지지 않아 탈착공정을 통한 두 이온의 분리가 가능하였다. 탈착반응은 반응 개시 후 30분 이내에 평형에 도달하였으며, 90% 이상 회수가 가능하였다.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2011년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.16.1-16.1
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• 2011

Gas sensor properties of $WO_3$ nanowire structures have been studied. The sensing layer was prepared by deposition of tungsten metal on porous single wall carbon nanotubes followed by thermal oxidation. The morphology and crystalline quality of $WO_3$ material was investigated by SEM, TEM, XRD and Raman analysis. A highly porous $WO_3$ nanowire structure with a mean diameter of 82 nm was obtained. Response to CO, $NH_3$ and $H_2$ gases diluted in air were investigated in the temperature range of $100{\sim}340^{\circ}C$ The sensor exhibited low response to CO gas and quite high response to $NH_3$ and $H_2$ gases. The highest sensitivity was observed at $250^{\circ}C$ for $NH_3$ and $300^{\circ}C$ for $H_2$. The effect of the diameters of $WO_3$ nanowires on the sensor performance was also studied. The $WO_3$ nanowires sensor with diameter of 40 nm showed quite high sensitivity, fast response and recovery times to $H_2$ diluted in dry air. The sensitivity as a function of detecting gas concentrations and gas sensing mechanism was discussed. The effect of dilution carrier gases, dry air and nitrogen, was examined.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.325-330
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• 2001

Shizhuyuan W-Mo-Bi-Ca $F_2$polymetallic ore is classified to the refractory one due to its complex property, fine dissemination and close association of minerals. Through several years of researches, in line with GY new mineral processing technology developed by Guangzhou Research Institute of Nonferrous Metals, in sulfide flotation circuit, an iso-flotability flowsheet is used to replace original overall bulk flotation flowsheet, and in tungsten flotation circuit, a new chelating type-GY reagent and a special pulp-conditioning system and a new technology of wolframite slime flotation are used to replace the traditional "Caustic Soda Method"$_{［1］}$, the metallurgical performance is greatly improved. Besides, GY New Method has created a favorable condition for comprehensive recovery of fluoride from tungsten flotation tailings. Notable economic benefit has been achieved.d.

• 광물과산업
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• 제28권
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• pp.1-13
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 몽골에서 채취한 텅스텐으로 부터 고품위 텅스텐 정광을 생산 할 수 있는 선별공정 개발연구를 수행하였다. 선별비용 절감과 선별효율 향상을 위해 먼저 조립 산물에서 지그선별에 의해 정광산물을 회수한 다음, 단체분리도의 향상을 위해 재 분쇄 하였다. 이것을 가지고 shaking table을 적용하여 비중이 낮은 맥석광물들을 제거하였다. 이때 회수 된 중광물에는 텅스텐과 비중은 비슷하나, 비자성인 주석이 함께 수반되어 있어 이들의 제거를 위하여 건식 자력선별법을 적용하여 최종 텅스텐 정광을 회수하는 공정을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 선별공정을 적용한 실험결과, 최적실험 조건에서 $WO_3$의 품위와 회수율이 각각 67.63%와 86.07%인 최종 정광을 얻었다.