• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 1999

In this paper, the wind tunnel test was carried to investigate the behavior of buffer layer in turbulent boundary layer with variation of surface temperature and roughness. The results were as follows; 1. The velocity in turbulent boundary layer was increased when the roughness height within viscous sublayer thickness was increased. 2. When the surface temperature was increased, the density of air was decreased and the velocity in turbulent boundary layer was increased. Thus, the thickness of turbulent boundary layer was decreased. 3. When the roughness height and surface temperature was increased simultaneously, the thickness of turbulent boundary layer was decreased. 4. The decrement of the thickness of turbulent boundary layer was more effected by the increment of the roughness height rather than the increment of surface temperature. 5. In this study, it was found that the condition of the highest velocity n turbulent boundary layer was the temperature 333K and roughness #100.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.5 no.2_3_4
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• pp.209-226
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• 2002

When predicting unsteady flow and pressure fields around a structure in a turbulent boundary layer by Large Eddy Simulation (LES), velocity fluctuations of turbulence (inflow turbulence), which reproduce statistical characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer, must be given at the inflow boundary. However, research has just started on development of a method for generating inflow turbulence that satisfies the prescribed turbulence statistics, and many issues still remain to be resolved. In our previous study, we proposed a method for generating inflow turbulence and confirmed its applicability by LES of an isotropic turbulence. In this study, the generation method was applied to a turbulent boundary layer developed over a flat plate, and the reproducibility of turbulence statistics predicted by LES computation was examined. Statistical characteristics of a turbulent boundary layer developed over a flat plate were investigated by a wind tunnel test for modeling the cross-spectral density matrix for use as targets of inflow turbulence generation for LES computation. Furthermore, we investigated how the degree of correspondence of the cross-spectral density matrix of the generated inflow turbulence with the target cross-spectral density matrix estimated by the wind tunnel test influenced the LES results for the turbulent boundary layer. The results of this study confirmed that the reproduction of cross-spectra of the normal components of the inflow turbulence generation is very important in reproducing power spectra, spatial correlation and turbulence statistics of wind velocity in LES.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.455-467
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• 2005

The effects of upstream velocity profiles on the flow around a low-rise rectangular prism submerged in a turbulent boundary layer have been investigated. Three different boundary layer profiles are generated, which are characterized by boundary layer height, displacement thickness, and momentum thickness. Flow characteristics variations caused by the different layers such as those in turbulent kinetic energy distribution and locations of re-circulating cavities and reattachment points have been precisely measured by using a PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. Observations were made in a boundary layer wind tunnel at $Re_H$=7900, based on a model height of 40 mm and a free stream velocity of 3 m/s with 15 - 20% turbulence intensity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.92-98
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• 2021

Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been popularly applied and used in the last several decades to simulate turbulent boundary layer in the numerical domain. A fully developed turbulent boundary layer has also been applied to predict the complicated wake flow behind bluff bodies. In this study we aimed to generate an artificial turbulent boundary layer, which is based on an exponential correlation function, and generates a series of realistic three-dimensional velocity data in two-dimensional inlet section which are correlated both in space and in time. The results suggest its excellent capability for high Reynolds number flows. To make an effective generation, a hexahedral mesh has been used and Cholesky decomposition was applied to possess suitable turbulent statistics such as the randomness and correlation of turbulent flow. As a result, the flow characteristics in the domain and fluctuating pressure near the wall are very close to those of fully developed turbulent boundary layers.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 1986

A numerical procedure (integral method) for calculating the interacting turbulent boundary layer is set up. With this method, some free interactions with various upstream conditions are simulated in order to investigate the influence of upstream state on the interacting turbulent boundary layer. The results obtained by this numerical simulation can be summarized as follows; Free interaction of upstream unstabilized (or separated) turbulent boundary layer is subcritical regardless of its external Mach number, while free interaction of upstream stabilized turbulent boundary layer has two different characteristics (subcritical, supercritical) according to the external Mach number.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.680-687
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• 2007

The paper presents a numerical simulation of flow of a turbulent boundary layer, representing a typical wind environment and matching a series of wind tunnel observations. The simulations are carried out at a Reynolds number of 20,000, based on the velocity U at a pseudo-height h, and large enough that the flow be effectively Reynolds number independent. Some wall models are proposed for the LES(Large Eddy Simulation) of the turbulent boundary layer over a rough surface. The Jenson number, $J=h/z_0$, based on the roughness length $z_0$, is 600 to match the wind tunnel data. The computational mesh is uniform with a spacing of h/32, as this aids rapid convergence of the multigrid solver, and the governing equations are discretised using second order finite differences within a parallel multiblock environment. The results presented include the comparison between wind tunnel measurements and LES computations of the turbulent boundary layer over rough surface.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 1991

This paper presents the results of some measurement of the fluctuating velocity field in the turbulent boundary layer disturbed by a triangular prism and discusses the discovery of the disturbed boundary layer. A prism of height 8mm was used for experiments. The streamwise location of the prism was fixed at 1200mm downstream from the leading edge and the space between the prism center and the wall was set at three different values, 6, 15 and 33.5mm. The results show that the near-wall region of the disturbed boundary layer recovers original state much more quickly than the outer region. In the case h=6mm the recovery is faster than the other cases. Moreover, it was found that peak of fluctuating velocities moves outwards somewhat rapidly with increasing ${\times}$ mainly due to the turbulent diffusion of the fluctuating velocity.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.280-293
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• 1998

Numerical study on turbulent and mean structures of a turbulent boundary layer with longitudinal and spanwise pressure gradient is carried out by using Reynolds-stress-model (RSM). The existence of pressure gradient in a turbulent boundary layer causes the skewing or divergence of rates of strain, which contributes to production of turbulent kinetic energy. Also, this augmentation of production due to extra rates of strain can increase the turbulent mixing and cause the anisotropy of turbulent intensities in the outer layer. This paper uses the Reynolds Stress Model to capture anisotropy of turbulent structures effectively and is devoted to compare the results computed by using RSM and the standard k-.epsilon. model with experimental data. It is concluded that the RSM can produce the more accurate predictions for capturing the anisotropy of turbulent structure than the standard k-.epsilon. model.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.210-216
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• 2016

Direct numerical simulations of a spatially developing turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate have been performed to verify the applicability of OpenFOAM and adapted mesh with prism layers to turbulent numerical simulation with high fidelity as well as provide a guideline on numerical schemes and parameters of OpenFOAM. Reynolds number based on a momentum thickness at inlet and a free-stream velocity was Re_θ=300. Time dependent inflow fields with near-wall turbulent structures were generated by a method of Lund et al. (1998), which was to extract instantaneous velocity fields from an auxiliary simulation with rescaled and recycled velocities at inlet. To ascertain the statistical characteristics of turbulent boundary layer, the mean profiles of streamwise velocity and turbulent intensities obtained from structured and adapted meshes were compared with the previous data.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.977-982
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• 2009

Direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a turbulent boundary layer with moderate Reynolds number was performed to scrutinize streamwise-coherence of hairpin packet motions. The Reynolds number based on the momentum thickness (${\theta}_{in}$) and free-stream velocity (U${\infty}$) was varied in the range $Re_{\theta}$=1410${\sim}$2540 which was higher than the previous numerical simulations in the turbulent boundary layer. In order to include the groups of hairpin packets existing in the outer layer, large computational domain was used (more than 50${\delta}_o$, where ${\theta}_o$ is the boundary layer thickness at the inlet in the streamwise domain). Characteristics of packet motions were investigated by using instantaneous flow fields, two-point correlation and conditional average flow fields in xy-plane. The present results showed that a train of hairpin packet motions was propagating coherently along the downstream and these structures induced the very large-scale motions in the turbulent boundary layer.