• 복식
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• 제45권
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• pp.29-40
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to classify of the Heart shaped Earring in old tombs of Three Kingdom States. First Heart shaped Earring is 7 part in according to heart styles. I-A type was original style and that was influenced by scythe style. I-A II-A type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in Kokuryo Pacijae ancient Silla Gaya. I-B II-2-A type was also found in most of the old tombs except Kokuryo. Then II-2-A type was transmitted to Japanese Heart shaped Earring. I-A, I-B, II-1, II-2-A type was general style in ancient Silla gaya. Ii-1-B, II-2-B. II-3-A type was excavated from the only Pacjae tombs and II-3-B type was excavated from Kokuryo tombs. II-3-A, II-3-B type was unique style that was found in old tombs in Kokuryo, Pacjae.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2005

Objective: Anterior screw fixation provides the best anatomical and functional results for type II odontoid process fracture (type II-A, II-N, and II-P) with intact transverse ligament. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the 4.5mm diameter, cannulated Herbert screw in anterior screw fixation. Methods: From Jan. 2003 to Feb. 2004, consecutive 10cases of type II odontoid process fractures were treated with anterior screw fixation using a Herbert screw. The Herbert screw has double threads, with different pitches on the distal and proximal ends. It has no head, so it can be inserted through articular cartilage and buried below bone surface. It was originally developed for treating scaphoid fractures. Results: There were 8male and 2female patients whose ages ranged from 15 to 67years (mean 42.1years). The fracture type was type II-A in 4patients, II-N in 3 patients, and II-P in 3 patients. The fracture line was oblique downward and backward in 6cases, oblique downward and forward in 1 case, and horizontal in 3cases. The range of follow-up was 5 to 18months (mean 12months). Bone fusions were achieved in all cases without any instrumental failures or postoperative complications. Conclusion: The Herbert screw is very useful in anterior fixation for type II odontoid process fracture. This series showed successful results also in type II-A odontoid fracture when treated with the Herbert screw, but further more studies are required.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2016

Type-II progressive censoring is one of the censoring methods frequently used in clinical studies, reliability trials, quality control of products and industrial experiments. Sometimes in Type-II progressive censoring experiments, the failure rate is low so the waiting time to observe the $m^{th}$ failure will be very long; however, the experimenter may have to terminate the experiment before a predetermined time. In this article, if two generalized types of Type-II progressive censoring are reminded, we then make some changes in the removal method of Type-II progressive censoring such that without reducing the deduction quality, the termination time of the experiment decreases. This can be done with decreasing withdraws throughout the steps of the experiment with a special reasonable method. A simulation study is done and the results are tabulated at the end of this article for a comparison between introduced method and Type-II progressive censoring.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.723-731
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• 1995

Type I and type II collagens are considered the major collagens of bone and cartilage respectively. Monitoring the patterns of those gene and protein expressions during development will provide a basis for the understanding of the normal and abnormal growths. This study was undertaken to investigate the expression of collagen genes and proteins involved in the developing human mandible. Fifty embryos and fetuses were studied with Alcian blue-PAS, Masson's Trichrome, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot analysis, and Southern blot analysis. Our results showed that $pro-{\alpha}1(II)$ collagen gene expression begins in the 5th week. Type II collagen is synthesized in mesenchymal cells in advance: of overt chondrogenesis. The gene expression for type II collagen was highest during the appearance of Meckel's cartilage. There was a switch in collagen protein expression from type I to type II during the appearance stage of Meckel's cartilage. The distribution of the mRNA for type II collagen corresponded well with the pattern of type II collagen protein. The endochondral ossification was observed where there was direct replacement of cartilage by bone.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to classify of the Metal Feathered Trim in old tombs. First, Feathered Trim is 5 types, Feathered Trim I-A, Feathered Trim I-B, Feathered Trim II-A, Feathered Trim II-B, Feathered Trim II-C in according to upper part of central insert plate style. Feathered Trim I-A, I-B, II-B type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in ancient Silla, Gaya. Feathered Trim II-A type was excavated from the only Silla tombs and II-C type was excavated from Gaya tombs. Feathered Trim I-A type was worn previous to I-B type, and II-B, C type was worn previous to II-A type. Feathered Trim 5 types was influenced by the scythe style that was 'Scythe-shaped' tail.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2004

Purpose: To determine the clinical value of the Siewert classification for gastic-cancer patients in Korea, we evaluated and compared the clinicopathologic factors of type II and type III cancer. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 89 consecutive patients who had undergone surgery for an adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) at the Department of Surgery, Hanyang University Hospital, between Jun. 1992 and Dec. 2003 were reviewed retrospectively. Results: There were one patient with type I, 12 pateints with type II and 77 patients with type III. During the same period, 1,341 patients underwent surgery for a gastric carcinoma, so proportion of GEJ cancer being $6.6\%$. The median followup duration was 31 months (range: $2\∼135$ months), and the follow-up rate was $100\%$. Between type II and type III cancers, there were no significant differences in the clinicopathologic variables including age, sex, gross appearance, histologic type, depth of invasion, and pathologic stage. The longest diameter of the tumor was larger in type III ($6.1\pm2.1$ cm) than in type II ($3.9\pm1.1$ cm)(P=0.001). A total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy was done most frequently, while jejunal interposition was done in 3 cases of type II and 2 cases of type III. More than a D2 lymphadenectomy was done all cases. The numbers of dissected lymph nodes and metastatic lymph nodes in type II were 43.8 and 5.8 respectively, while they were 49.8 and 8.1 in type III, but the difference between the two groups were not statistically significant. The mean length of the proximal resection margin was $15\pm5$ mm in type II and $21\pm13$ mm in type III, but this difference was not statistically significanct. The time to recurrence after operation was 19.3 months in type II and 16.9 months in type III. The five-year survival rates of type II and III were $68.8\%\;and\;52.7\%$ respectively, but difference was not significant. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in the clinicopathologic variables, including survival rate, between type II and type III cancers in Korean patients According to these findings, it appears to be reasonable to classify type III cancer as a cardia cancer in a broad sense.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1461-1468
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• 2000

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical outcome of anterior screw fixation for type II odontoid fractures for the prliematim of atlanatoaxial mobility. Methods : Between 1995 and 1999, we treated 15 cases of type II odontoid fractures by anterior screw fixation among 44 cases of odontoid fractures. Thece included 14 males and 1 female aged from 23 to 63 years, with a mean age of 39.7 years. The causes of trauma were traffic accident in 13 cases, slip down in 1 and fall down in 1. The fracture type was type II-P in 7 cases, type II-A in 3, type II-N in 2 and type II-A and P in 3. The fracture line was oblique downward and backward in 6 cases, oblique downward and forward in 3 and horizontally in 6. The range of follow up was 4 to 47 months(mean 26.5 months). Results : Adequate reduction and fixation were obtained in 12 cases. Three cases in which fracture type and line were type II-A and oblique downward forward were failed, so posterior transarticular screw fixation was performed. All except 3 failed cases had adequate cervical movement and stability. There were no operative mortality nor morbidity. Conclusion : Anterior screw fixation provides the best anatomical and functional results for type II odontoid fracture with intact transverse ligament when fracture line is horizontal or oblique downward and backward. But it is limited when fracture line is oblique downward and forward.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.699-705
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• 2005

폐광된 장풍광산의 풍화된 폐광석에 함유된 중금속의 존재형태를 규명하기 위해 5단계 연속추출법을 수행하였다. 각 단계에서 용출된 용액은 ICP-AES로 분석하였다. XRD로 풍화된 폐광석 시료들의 광물조성을 파악한 결과, 시료는 산성 환경에서 pH에 대한 완충작용을 할 수 있는 방해석의 유무에 따라 두 유형(type I and type II)으로 나눌 수 있었다. Type I 시료의 주 구성광물은 석영으로 방해석이 산출되지 않으며, type II 시료의 주 구성광물은 방해석이었다. 모든 시료에서 비소, 코발트, 철은 잔류형태로 존재하는 것이 가장 우세하였다. 카드뮴, 망간, 아연의 경우 type I 시료에서는 잔류형태가, type II 시료에서는 산화철망간형태가 우세하였다. 구리는 type I 시료의 경우 잔류형태가 가장 우세하였고, type II의 경우 황화광물형태가 우세하였다. 납은 type I시료에서는 잔류형태가 가장 우세하였고, type II시료에서 산화철망간 형태가 우세하였다. pH 4-7 사이에서 중금속의 상대적인 이동성은 type I시료의 경우 아연>구리>카드뮴>납>코발트>비소의 순서였으며, type II시료에서는 카드뮴>구리>아연>납>비소>코발트의 순서로 확인되었다.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2012

Resonant immittance converter (RIC) topologies can transform a current source into a voltage source (Type-I RICs) and vice versa (Type-II RICs), thereby making them suitable for many power electronics applications. RICs are operated at a fixed frequency where the resonant immittance network (RIN) exhibits immittance conversion characteristics. It is observed that the low-frequency response of Type-II RINs is relatively flat and that the state variables associated with Type-II RINs affect the response only at the high frequencies in the vicinity of the switching frequency. The overall response of a Type-II RIC is thus dominated by the filter response, which is particularly important for the controller design. Therefore, an approximate equivalent circuit model and a small-signal model of Type-II RICs are proposed in this paper, neglecting the high-frequency response of Type-II RINs. While the proposed models greatly simplify and speed-up the analysis, it adequately predicts the open-loop transient and small-signal ac behavior of Type-II RICs. The validity of the proposed models is confirmed by comparisons of their results with those obtained from a cycle-by-cycle simulation and with an experimental prototype.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.1335-1344
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• 2008

The maximum likelihood method does not admit explicit solutions when the sample is multiply censored and progressive censored. So we shall propose some approximate maximum likelihood estimators (AMLEs) of the scale parameter for the power function distribution based on multiply Type-II censored samples and progressive Type-II censored samples when shape parameter is known. We compare the proposed estimators in the sense of the mean squared error (MSE) through Monte Carlo simulation for various censoring schemes.